ardupilot/libraries/DataFlash/LogFile.cpp

/// -*- tab-width: 4; Mode: C++; c-basic-offset: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <AP_AHRS/AP_AHRS.h>
#include <AP_Baro/AP_Baro.h>
#include <AP_BattMonitor/AP_BattMonitor.h>
#include <AP_Compass/AP_Compass.h>
#include <AP_HAL/AP_HAL.h>
#include <AP_Math/AP_Math.h>
#include <AP_Param/AP_Param.h>
#include <AP_Motors/AP_Motors.h>
#include <AC_AttitudeControl/AC_AttitudeControl.h>
#include <AC_AttitudeControl/AC_PosControl.h>

#include "DataFlash.h"
#include "DataFlash_SITL.h"
#include "DataFlash_Block.h"
#include "DataFlash_File.h"
#include "DataFlash_MAVLink.h"
#include "DFMessageWriter.h"

extern const AP_HAL::HAL& hal;

void DataFlash_Class::Init(const struct LogStructure *structures, uint8_t num_types)
{
    if (_next_backend == DATAFLASH_MAX_BACKENDS) {
        AP_HAL::panic("Too many backends");
        return;
    }
    _num_types = num_types;
    _structures = structures;

    ;
#if defined(HAL_BOARD_LOG_DIRECTORY)
    if (_params.backend_types == DATAFLASH_BACKEND_FILE ||
        _params.backend_types == DATAFLASH_BACKEND_BOTH) {
        DFMessageWriter_DFLogStart *message_writer =
            new DFMessageWriter_DFLogStart(_firmware_string);
        if (message_writer != NULL)  {
#if HAL_OS_POSIX_IO
            backends[_next_backend] = new DataFlash_File(*this,
                                                         message_writer,
                                                         HAL_BOARD_LOG_DIRECTORY);
#endif
        }
        if (backends[_next_backend] == NULL) {
            hal.console->printf("Unable to open DataFlash_File");
        } else {
            _next_backend++;
        }
    }
#endif

#if DATAFLASH_MAVLINK_SUPPORT
    if (_params.backend_types == DATAFLASH_BACKEND_MAVLINK ||
        _params.backend_types == DATAFLASH_BACKEND_BOTH) {
        if (_next_backend == DATAFLASH_MAX_BACKENDS) {
            AP_HAL::panic("Too many backends");
            return;
        }
        DFMessageWriter_DFLogStart *message_writer =
            new DFMessageWriter_DFLogStart(_firmware_string);
        if (message_writer != NULL)  {
            backends[_next_backend] = new DataFlash_MAVLink(*this,
                                                            message_writer);
        }
        if (backends[_next_backend] == NULL) {
            hal.console->printf("Unable to open DataFlash_MAVLink");
        } else {
            _next_backend++;
        }
    }
#endif

    for (uint8_t i=0; i<_next_backend; i++) {
        backends[i]->Init();
    }
}

// This function determines the number of whole or partial log files in the DataFlash
// Wholly overwritten files are (of course) lost.
uint16_t DataFlash_Block::get_num_logs(void)
{
    uint16_t lastpage;
    uint16_t last;
    uint16_t first;

    if (find_last_page() == 1) {
        return 0;
    }

    StartRead(1);

    if (GetFileNumber() == 0xFFFF) {
        return 0;
    }

    lastpage = find_last_page();
    StartRead(lastpage);
    last = GetFileNumber();
    StartRead(lastpage + 2);
    first = GetFileNumber();
    if(first > last) {
        StartRead(1);
        first = GetFileNumber();
    }

    if (last == first) {
        return 1;
    }

    return (last - first + 1);
}

// This function starts a new log file in the DataFlash
uint16_t DataFlash_Block::start_new_log(void)
{
    _startup_messagewriter->reset();

    uint16_t last_page = find_last_page();

    StartRead(last_page);
    //Serial.print("last page: ");	Serial.println(last_page);
    //Serial.print("file #: ");	Serial.println(GetFileNumber());
    //Serial.print("file page: ");	Serial.println(GetFilePage());

    if(find_last_log() == 0 || GetFileNumber() == 0xFFFF) {
        SetFileNumber(1);
        StartWrite(1);
        //Serial.println("start log from 0");
        log_write_started = true;
        return 1;
    }

    uint16_t new_log_num;

    // Check for log of length 1 page and suppress
    if(GetFilePage() <= 1) {
        new_log_num = GetFileNumber();
        // Last log too short, reuse its number
        // and overwrite it
        SetFileNumber(new_log_num);
        StartWrite(last_page);
    } else {
        new_log_num = GetFileNumber()+1;
        if (last_page == 0xFFFF) {
            last_page=0;
        }
        SetFileNumber(new_log_num);
        StartWrite(last_page + 1);
    }
    log_write_started = true;
    return new_log_num;
}

// This function finds the first and last pages of a log file
// The first page may be greater than the last page if the DataFlash has been filled and partially overwritten.
void DataFlash_Block::get_log_boundaries(uint16_t log_num, uint16_t & start_page, uint16_t & end_page)
{
    uint16_t num = get_num_logs();
    uint16_t look;

    if (df_BufferIdx != 0) {
        FinishWrite();
        hal.scheduler->delay(100);
    }

    if(num == 1)
    {
        StartRead(df_NumPages);
        if (GetFileNumber() == 0xFFFF)
        {
            start_page = 1;
            end_page = find_last_page_of_log((uint16_t)log_num);
        } else {
            end_page = find_last_page_of_log((uint16_t)log_num);
            start_page = end_page + 1;
        }

    } else {
        if(log_num==1) {
            StartRead(df_NumPages);
            if(GetFileNumber() == 0xFFFF) {
                start_page = 1;
            } else {
                start_page = find_last_page() + 1;
            }
        } else {
            if(log_num == find_last_log() - num + 1) {
                start_page = find_last_page() + 1;
            } else {
                look = log_num-1;
                do {
                    start_page = find_last_page_of_log(look) + 1;
                    look--;
                } while (start_page <= 0 && look >=1);
            }
        }
    }
    if (start_page == df_NumPages+1 || start_page == 0) {
        start_page = 1;
    }
    end_page = find_last_page_of_log(log_num);
    if (end_page == 0) {
        end_page = start_page;
    }
}

// find log size and time
void DataFlash_Block::get_log_info(uint16_t log_num, uint32_t &size, uint32_t &time_utc)
{
    uint16_t start, end;
    get_log_boundaries(log_num, start, end);
    if (end >= start) {
        size = (end + 1 - start) * (uint32_t)df_PageSize;
    } else {
        size = (df_NumPages + end - start) * (uint32_t)df_PageSize;
    }
    time_utc = 0;
}

bool DataFlash_Block::check_wrapped(void)
{
    StartRead(df_NumPages);
    if(GetFileNumber() == 0xFFFF)
        return 0;
    else
        return 1;
}

// This funciton finds the last log number
uint16_t DataFlash_Block::find_last_log(void)
{
    uint16_t last_page = find_last_page();
    StartRead(last_page);
    return GetFileNumber();
}

// This function finds the last page of the last file
uint16_t DataFlash_Block::find_last_page(void)
{
    uint16_t look;
    uint16_t bottom = 1;
    uint16_t top = df_NumPages;
    uint32_t look_hash;
    uint32_t bottom_hash;
    uint32_t top_hash;

    StartRead(bottom);
    bottom_hash = ((int32_t)GetFileNumber()<<16) | GetFilePage();

    while(top-bottom > 1) {
        look = (top+bottom)/2;
        StartRead(look);
        look_hash = (int32_t)GetFileNumber()<<16 | GetFilePage();
        if (look_hash >= 0xFFFF0000) look_hash = 0;

        if(look_hash < bottom_hash) {
            // move down
            top = look;
        } else {
            // move up
            bottom = look;
            bottom_hash = look_hash;
        }
    }

    StartRead(top);
    top_hash = ((int32_t)GetFileNumber()<<16) | GetFilePage();
    if (top_hash >= 0xFFFF0000) {
        top_hash = 0;
    }
    if (top_hash > bottom_hash) {
        return top;
    }

    return bottom;
}

// This function finds the last page of a particular log file
uint16_t DataFlash_Block::find_last_page_of_log(uint16_t log_number)
{
    uint16_t look;
    uint16_t bottom;
    uint16_t top;
    uint32_t look_hash;
    uint32_t check_hash;

    if(check_wrapped())
    {
        StartRead(1);
        bottom = GetFileNumber();
        if (bottom > log_number)
        {
            bottom = find_last_page();
            top = df_NumPages;
        } else {
            bottom = 1;
            top = find_last_page();
        }
    } else {
        bottom = 1;
        top = find_last_page();
    }

    check_hash = (int32_t)log_number<<16 | 0xFFFF;

    while(top-bottom > 1)
    {
        look = (top+bottom)/2;
        StartRead(look);
        look_hash = (int32_t)GetFileNumber()<<16 | GetFilePage();
        if (look_hash >= 0xFFFF0000) look_hash = 0;

        if(look_hash > check_hash) {
            // move down
            top = look;
        } else {
            // move up
            bottom = look;
        }
    }

    StartRead(top);
    if (GetFileNumber() == log_number) return top;

    StartRead(bottom);
    if (GetFileNumber() == log_number) return bottom;

    return -1;
}

/*
  read and print a log entry using the format strings from the given structure
 */
void DataFlash_Backend::_print_log_entry(uint8_t msg_type,
                                         print_mode_fn print_mode,
                                         AP_HAL::BetterStream *port)
{
    uint8_t i;
    for (i=0; i<num_types(); i++) {
        if (msg_type == structure(i)->msg_type) {
            break;
        }
    }
    if (i == num_types()) {
        port->printf("UNKN, %u\n", (unsigned)msg_type);
        return;
    }
    const struct LogStructure *log_structure = structure(i);
    uint8_t msg_len = log_structure->msg_len - 3;
    uint8_t pkt[msg_len];
    if (!ReadBlock(pkt, msg_len)) {
        return;
    }
    port->printf("%s, ", log_structure->name);
    for (uint8_t ofs=0, fmt_ofs=0; ofs<msg_len; fmt_ofs++) {
        char fmt = log_structure->format[fmt_ofs];
        switch (fmt) {
        case 'b': {
            port->printf("%d", (int)pkt[ofs]);
            ofs += 1;
            break;
        }
        case 'B': {
            port->printf("%u", (unsigned)pkt[ofs]);
            ofs += 1;
            break;
        }
        case 'h': {
            int16_t v;
            memcpy(&v, &pkt[ofs], sizeof(v));
            port->printf("%d", (int)v);
            ofs += sizeof(v);
            break;
        }
        case 'H': {
            uint16_t v;
            memcpy(&v, &pkt[ofs], sizeof(v));
            port->printf("%u", (unsigned)v);
            ofs += sizeof(v);
            break;
        }
        case 'i': {
            int32_t v;
            memcpy(&v, &pkt[ofs], sizeof(v));
            port->printf("%ld", (long)v);
            ofs += sizeof(v);
            break;
        }
        case 'I': {
            uint32_t v;
            memcpy(&v, &pkt[ofs], sizeof(v));
            port->printf("%lu", (unsigned long)v);
            ofs += sizeof(v);
            break;
        }
        case 'q': {
            int64_t v;
            memcpy(&v, &pkt[ofs], sizeof(v));
            port->printf("%lld", (long long)v);
            ofs += sizeof(v);
            break;
        }
        case 'Q': {
            uint64_t v;
            memcpy(&v, &pkt[ofs], sizeof(v));
            port->printf("%llu", (unsigned long long)v);
            ofs += sizeof(v);
            break;
        }
        case 'f': {
            float v;
            memcpy(&v, &pkt[ofs], sizeof(v));
            port->printf("%f", (double)v);
            ofs += sizeof(v);
            break;
        }
        case 'd': {
            double v;
            memcpy(&v, &pkt[ofs], sizeof(v));
            // note that %f here *really* means a single-precision
            // float, so we lose precision printing this double out
            // dtoa_engine needed....
            port->printf("%f", (double)v);
            ofs += sizeof(v);
            break;
        }
        case 'c': {
            int16_t v;
            memcpy(&v, &pkt[ofs], sizeof(v));
            port->printf("%.2f", (double)(0.01f*v));
            ofs += sizeof(v);
            break;
        }
        case 'C': {
            uint16_t v;
            memcpy(&v, &pkt[ofs], sizeof(v));
            port->printf("%.2f", (double)(0.01f*v));
            ofs += sizeof(v);
            break;
        }
        case 'e': {
            int32_t v;
            memcpy(&v, &pkt[ofs], sizeof(v));
            port->printf("%.2f", (double)(0.01f*v));
            ofs += sizeof(v);
            break;
        }
        case 'E': {
            uint32_t v;
            memcpy(&v, &pkt[ofs], sizeof(v));
            port->printf("%.2f", (double)(0.01f*v));
            ofs += sizeof(v);
            break;
        }
        case 'L': {
            int32_t v;
            memcpy(&v, &pkt[ofs], sizeof(v));
            print_latlon(port, v);
            ofs += sizeof(v);
            break;
        }
        case 'n': {
            char v[5];
            memcpy(&v, &pkt[ofs], sizeof(v));
            v[sizeof(v)-1] = 0;
            port->printf("%s", v);
            ofs += sizeof(v)-1;
            break;
        }
        case 'N': {
            char v[17];
            memcpy(&v, &pkt[ofs], sizeof(v));
            v[sizeof(v)-1] = 0;
            port->printf("%s", v);
            ofs += sizeof(v)-1;
            break;
        }
        case 'Z': {
            char v[65];
            memcpy(&v, &pkt[ofs], sizeof(v));
            v[sizeof(v)-1] = 0;
            port->printf("%s", v);
            ofs += sizeof(v)-1;
            break;
        }
        case 'M': {
            print_mode(port, pkt[ofs]);
            ofs += 1;
            break;
        }
        default:
            ofs = msg_len;
            break;
        }
        if (ofs < msg_len) {
            port->printf(", ");
        }
    }
    port->println();
}

/*
  print FMT specifiers for log dumps where we have wrapped in the
  dataflash and so have no formats. This assumes the log being dumped
  using the same log formats as the current formats, but it is better
  than falling back to old defaults in the GCS
 */
void DataFlash_Block::_print_log_formats(AP_HAL::BetterStream *port)
{
    for (uint8_t i=0; i<num_types(); i++) {
        const struct LogStructure *s = structure(i);
        port->printf("FMT, %u, %u, %s, %s, %s\n", s->msg_type,  s->msg_len,
                     s->name, s->format, s->labels);
    }
}

/*
  Read the log and print it on port
*/
void DataFlash_Block::LogReadProcess(uint16_t log_num,
                                     uint16_t start_page, uint16_t end_page,
                                     print_mode_fn print_mode,
                                     AP_HAL::BetterStream *port)
{
    uint8_t log_step = 0;
    uint16_t page = start_page;
    bool first_entry = true;

    if (df_BufferIdx != 0) {
        FinishWrite();
        hal.scheduler->delay(100);
    }

    StartRead(start_page);

    while (true) {
        uint8_t data;
        if (!ReadBlock(&data, 1)) {
            break;
        }

        // This is a state machine to read the packets
        switch(log_step) {
            case 0:
                if (data == HEAD_BYTE1) {
                    log_step++;
                }
                break;

            case 1:
                if (data == HEAD_BYTE2) {
                    log_step++;
                } else {
                    log_step = 0;
                }
                break;

            case 2:
                log_step = 0;
                if (first_entry && data != LOG_FORMAT_MSG) {
                    _print_log_formats(port);
                }
                first_entry = false;
                _print_log_entry(data, print_mode, port);
                break;
        }
        uint16_t new_page = GetPage();
        if (new_page != page) {
            if (new_page == end_page+1 || new_page == start_page) {
                return;
            }
            page = new_page;
        }
    }
}

/*
  dump header information from all log pages
 */
void DataFlash_Block::DumpPageInfo(AP_HAL::BetterStream *port)
{
    for (uint16_t count=1; count<=df_NumPages; count++) {
        StartRead(count);
        port->printf("DF page, log file #, log page: %u,\t", (unsigned)count);
        port->printf("%u,\t", (unsigned)GetFileNumber());
        port->printf("%u\n", (unsigned)GetFilePage());
    }
}

/*
  show information about the device
 */
void DataFlash_Block::ShowDeviceInfo(AP_HAL::BetterStream *port)
{
    if (!CardInserted()) {
        port->println("No dataflash inserted");
        return;
    }
    ReadManufacturerID();
    port->printf("Manufacturer: 0x%02x   Device: 0x%04x\n",
                    (unsigned)df_manufacturer,
                    (unsigned)df_device);
    port->printf("NumPages: %u  PageSize: %u\n",
                   (unsigned)df_NumPages+1,
                   (unsigned)df_PageSize);
}

/*
  list available log numbers
 */
void DataFlash_Block::ListAvailableLogs(AP_HAL::BetterStream *port)
{
    uint16_t num_logs = get_num_logs();
    int16_t last_log_num = find_last_log();
    uint16_t log_start = 0;
    uint16_t log_end = 0;

    if (num_logs == 0) {
        port->printf("\nNo logs\n\n");
        return;
    }
    port->printf("\n%u logs\n", (unsigned)num_logs);

    for (uint16_t i=num_logs; i>=1; i--) {
        uint16_t last_log_start = log_start, last_log_end = log_end;
        uint16_t temp = last_log_num - i + 1;
        get_log_boundaries(temp, log_start, log_end);
        port->printf("Log %u,    start %u,   end %u\n",
                       (unsigned)temp,
                       (unsigned)log_start,
                       (unsigned)log_end);
        if (last_log_start == log_start && last_log_end == log_end) {
            // we are printing bogus logs
            break;
        }
    }
    port->println();
}

// This function starts a new log file in the DataFlash, and writes
// the format of supported messages in the log
void DataFlash_Class::StartNewLog(void)
{
    for (uint8_t i=0; i<_next_backend; i++) {
        backends[i]->start_new_log();
    }
    // reset sent masks
    for (struct log_write_fmt *f = log_write_fmts; f; f=f->next) {
        f->sent_mask = 0;
    }
}

/*
  write a structure format to the log - should be in frontend
 */
void DataFlash_Backend::Log_Fill_Format(const struct LogStructure *s, struct log_Format &pkt)
{
    memset(&pkt, 0, sizeof(pkt));
    pkt.head1 = HEAD_BYTE1;
    pkt.head2 = HEAD_BYTE2;
    pkt.msgid = LOG_FORMAT_MSG;
    pkt.type = s->msg_type;
    pkt.length = s->msg_len;
    strncpy(pkt.name, s->name, sizeof(pkt.name));
    strncpy(pkt.format, s->format, sizeof(pkt.format));
    strncpy(pkt.labels, s->labels, sizeof(pkt.labels));
}

/*
  write a structure format to the log
 */
bool DataFlash_Backend::Log_Write_Format(const struct LogStructure *s)
{
    struct log_Format pkt;
    Log_Fill_Format(s, pkt);
    return WriteCriticalBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));
}

/*
  write a parameter to the log
 */
bool DataFlash_Backend::Log_Write_Parameter(const char *name, float value)
{
    struct log_Parameter pkt = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_PARAMETER_MSG),
        time_us : AP_HAL::micros64(),
        name  : {},
        value : value
    };
    strncpy(pkt.name, name, sizeof(pkt.name));
    return WriteCriticalBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));
}

/*
  write a parameter to the log
 */
bool DataFlash_Backend::Log_Write_Parameter(const AP_Param *ap,
                                            const AP_Param::ParamToken &token,
                                            enum ap_var_type type)
{
    char name[16];
    ap->copy_name_token(token, &name[0], sizeof(name), true);
    return Log_Write_Parameter(name, ap->cast_to_float(type));
}

// Write an GPS packet
void DataFlash_Class::Log_Write_GPS(const AP_GPS &gps, uint8_t i, uint64_t time_us)
{
    if (time_us == 0) {
        time_us = AP_HAL::micros64();
    }
    const struct Location &loc = gps.location(i);
    struct log_GPS pkt = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT((uint8_t)(LOG_GPS_MSG+i)),
        time_us       : time_us,
        status        : (uint8_t)gps.status(i),
        gps_week_ms   : gps.time_week_ms(i),
        gps_week      : gps.time_week(i),
        num_sats      : gps.num_sats(i),
        hdop          : gps.get_hdop(i),
        latitude      : loc.lat,
        longitude     : loc.lng,
        altitude      : loc.alt,
        ground_speed  : gps.ground_speed(i),
        ground_course : gps.ground_course(i),
        vel_z         : gps.velocity(i).z,
        used          : (uint8_t)(gps.primary_sensor() == i)
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));

    /* write auxillary accuracy information as well */
    float hacc = 0, vacc = 0, sacc = 0;
    gps.horizontal_accuracy(i, hacc);
    gps.vertical_accuracy(i, vacc);
    gps.speed_accuracy(i, sacc);
    struct log_GPA pkt2 = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT((uint8_t)(LOG_GPA_MSG+i)),
        time_us       : time_us,
        vdop          : gps.get_vdop(i),
        hacc          : (uint16_t)(hacc*100),
        vacc          : (uint16_t)(vacc*100),
        sacc          : (uint16_t)(sacc*100),
        have_vv       : (uint8_t)gps.have_vertical_velocity(i)
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt2, sizeof(pkt2));
}


// Write an RFND (rangefinder) packet
void DataFlash_Class::Log_Write_RFND(const RangeFinder &rangefinder)
{
    struct log_RFND pkt = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT((uint8_t)(LOG_RFND_MSG)),
        time_us       : AP_HAL::micros64(),
        dist1         : rangefinder.distance_cm(0),
        dist2         : rangefinder.distance_cm(1)
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));
}

// Write an RCIN packet
void DataFlash_Class::Log_Write_RCIN(void)
{
    struct log_RCIN pkt = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_RCIN_MSG),
        time_us       : AP_HAL::micros64(),
        chan1         : hal.rcin->read(0),
        chan2         : hal.rcin->read(1),
        chan3         : hal.rcin->read(2),
        chan4         : hal.rcin->read(3),
        chan5         : hal.rcin->read(4),
        chan6         : hal.rcin->read(5),
        chan7         : hal.rcin->read(6),
        chan8         : hal.rcin->read(7),
        chan9         : hal.rcin->read(8),
        chan10        : hal.rcin->read(9),
        chan11        : hal.rcin->read(10),
        chan12        : hal.rcin->read(11),
        chan13        : hal.rcin->read(12),
        chan14        : hal.rcin->read(13)
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));
}

// Write an SERVO packet
void DataFlash_Class::Log_Write_RCOUT(void)
{
    struct log_RCOUT pkt = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_RCOUT_MSG),
        time_us       : AP_HAL::micros64(),
        chan1         : hal.rcout->read(0),
        chan2         : hal.rcout->read(1),
        chan3         : hal.rcout->read(2),
        chan4         : hal.rcout->read(3),
        chan5         : hal.rcout->read(4),
        chan6         : hal.rcout->read(5),
        chan7         : hal.rcout->read(6),
        chan8         : hal.rcout->read(7),
        chan9         : hal.rcout->read(8),
        chan10        : hal.rcout->read(9),
        chan11        : hal.rcout->read(10),
        chan12        : hal.rcout->read(11)
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));
    Log_Write_ESC();
}

// Write an RSSI packet
void DataFlash_Class::Log_Write_RSSI(AP_RSSI &rssi)
{
    struct log_RSSI pkt = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_RSSI_MSG),
        time_us       : AP_HAL::micros64(),
        RXRSSI        : rssi.read_receiver_rssi()
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));
}

// Write a BARO packet
void DataFlash_Class::Log_Write_Baro(AP_Baro &baro, uint64_t time_us)
{
    if (time_us == 0) {
        time_us = AP_HAL::micros64();
    }
    struct log_BARO pkt = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_BARO_MSG),
        time_us       : time_us,
        altitude      : baro.get_altitude(0),
        pressure      : baro.get_pressure(0),
        temperature   : (int16_t)(baro.get_temperature(0) * 100 + 0.5f),
        climbrate     : baro.get_climb_rate(),
        sample_time_ms: baro.get_last_update(0)
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));

    if (baro.num_instances() > 1 && baro.healthy(1)) {
        struct log_BARO pkt2 = {
            LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_BAR2_MSG),
            time_us       : time_us,
            altitude      : baro.get_altitude(1),
            pressure	  : baro.get_pressure(1),
            temperature   : (int16_t)(baro.get_temperature(1) * 100 + 0.5f),
            climbrate     : baro.get_climb_rate(),
            sample_time_ms: baro.get_last_update(1)
        };
        WriteBlock(&pkt2, sizeof(pkt2));        
    }

    if (baro.num_instances() > 2 && baro.healthy(2)) {
        struct log_BARO pkt3 = {
            LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_BAR3_MSG),
            time_us       : time_us,
            altitude      : baro.get_altitude(2),
            pressure	  : baro.get_pressure(2),
            temperature   : (int16_t)(baro.get_temperature(2) * 100 + 0.5f),
            climbrate     : baro.get_climb_rate(),
            sample_time_ms: baro.get_last_update(2)
        };
        WriteBlock(&pkt3, sizeof(pkt3));        
    }
}

// Write an raw accel/gyro data packet
void DataFlash_Class::Log_Write_IMU(const AP_InertialSensor &ins)
{
    uint64_t time_us = AP_HAL::micros64();
    const Vector3f &gyro = ins.get_gyro(0);
    const Vector3f &accel = ins.get_accel(0);
    struct log_IMU pkt = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_IMU_MSG),
        time_us : time_us,
        gyro_x  : gyro.x,
        gyro_y  : gyro.y,
        gyro_z  : gyro.z,
        accel_x : accel.x,
        accel_y : accel.y,
        accel_z : accel.z,
        gyro_error  : ins.get_gyro_error_count(0),
        accel_error : ins.get_accel_error_count(0),
        temperature : ins.get_temperature(0),
        gyro_health : (uint8_t)ins.get_gyro_health(0),
        accel_health : (uint8_t)ins.get_accel_health(0)
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));
    if (ins.get_gyro_count() < 2 && ins.get_accel_count() < 2) {
        return;
    }

    const Vector3f &gyro2 = ins.get_gyro(1);
    const Vector3f &accel2 = ins.get_accel(1);
    struct log_IMU pkt2 = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_IMU2_MSG),
        time_us : time_us,
        gyro_x  : gyro2.x,
        gyro_y  : gyro2.y,
        gyro_z  : gyro2.z,
        accel_x : accel2.x,
        accel_y : accel2.y,
        accel_z : accel2.z,
        gyro_error  : ins.get_gyro_error_count(1),
        accel_error : ins.get_accel_error_count(1),
        temperature : ins.get_temperature(1),
        gyro_health : (uint8_t)ins.get_gyro_health(1),
        accel_health : (uint8_t)ins.get_accel_health(1)
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt2, sizeof(pkt2));
    if (ins.get_gyro_count() < 3 && ins.get_accel_count() < 3) {
        return;
    }
    const Vector3f &gyro3 = ins.get_gyro(2);
    const Vector3f &accel3 = ins.get_accel(2);
    struct log_IMU pkt3 = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_IMU3_MSG),
        time_us : time_us,
        gyro_x  : gyro3.x,
        gyro_y  : gyro3.y,
        gyro_z  : gyro3.z,
        accel_x : accel3.x,
        accel_y : accel3.y,
        accel_z : accel3.z,
        gyro_error  : ins.get_gyro_error_count(2),
        accel_error : ins.get_accel_error_count(2),
        temperature : ins.get_temperature(2),
        gyro_health : (uint8_t)ins.get_gyro_health(2),
        accel_health : (uint8_t)ins.get_accel_health(2)
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt3, sizeof(pkt3));
}

// Write an accel/gyro delta time data packet
void DataFlash_Class::Log_Write_IMUDT(const AP_InertialSensor &ins, uint64_t time_us)
{
    float delta_t = ins.get_delta_time();
    float delta_vel_t = ins.get_delta_velocity_dt(0);
    float delta_ang_t = ins.get_delta_angle_dt(0);
    Vector3f delta_angle, delta_velocity;
    ins.get_delta_angle(0, delta_angle);
    ins.get_delta_velocity(0, delta_velocity);

    struct log_IMUDT pkt = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_IMUDT_MSG),
        time_us : time_us,
        delta_time   : delta_t,
        delta_vel_dt : delta_vel_t,
        delta_ang_dt : delta_ang_t,
        delta_ang_x  : delta_angle.x,
        delta_ang_y  : delta_angle.y,
        delta_ang_z  : delta_angle.z,
        delta_vel_x  : delta_velocity.x,
        delta_vel_y  : delta_velocity.y,
        delta_vel_z  : delta_velocity.z
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));
    if ((ins.get_gyro_count() < 2 && ins.get_accel_count() < 2) || !ins.use_gyro(1)) {
        return;
    }

    delta_vel_t = ins.get_delta_velocity_dt(1);
    delta_ang_t = ins.get_delta_angle_dt(1);
    if (!ins.get_delta_angle(1, delta_angle)) {
        delta_angle.zero();
    }
    if (!ins.get_delta_velocity(1, delta_velocity)) {
        delta_velocity.zero();
    }
    struct log_IMUDT pkt2 = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_IMUDT2_MSG),
        time_us     : time_us,
        delta_time   : delta_t,
        delta_vel_dt : delta_vel_t,
        delta_ang_dt : delta_ang_t,
        delta_ang_x  : delta_angle.x,
        delta_ang_y  : delta_angle.y,
        delta_ang_z  : delta_angle.z,
        delta_vel_x  : delta_velocity.x,
        delta_vel_y  : delta_velocity.y,
        delta_vel_z  : delta_velocity.z
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt2, sizeof(pkt2));

    if ((ins.get_gyro_count() < 3 && ins.get_accel_count() < 3) || !ins.use_gyro(2)) {
        return;
    }
    delta_vel_t = ins.get_delta_velocity_dt(1);
    delta_ang_t = ins.get_delta_angle_dt(2);
    if (!ins.get_delta_angle(2, delta_angle)) {
        delta_angle.zero();
    }
    if (!ins.get_delta_velocity(2, delta_velocity)) {
        delta_velocity.zero();
    }
    struct log_IMUDT pkt3 = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_IMUDT3_MSG),
        time_us     : time_us,
        delta_time   : delta_t,
        delta_vel_dt : delta_vel_t,
        delta_ang_dt : delta_ang_t,
        delta_ang_x  : delta_angle.x,
        delta_ang_y  : delta_angle.y,
        delta_ang_z  : delta_angle.z,
        delta_vel_x  : delta_velocity.x,
        delta_vel_y  : delta_velocity.y,
        delta_vel_z  : delta_velocity.z
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt3, sizeof(pkt3));
}

void DataFlash_Class::Log_Write_Vibration(const AP_InertialSensor &ins)
{
    uint64_t time_us = AP_HAL::micros64();
    Vector3f vibration = ins.get_vibration_levels();
    struct log_Vibe pkt = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_VIBE_MSG),
        time_us     : time_us,
        vibe_x      : vibration.x,
        vibe_y      : vibration.y,
        vibe_z      : vibration.z,
        clipping_0  : ins.get_accel_clip_count(0),
        clipping_1  : ins.get_accel_clip_count(1),
        clipping_2  : ins.get_accel_clip_count(2)
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));
}

// Write a mission command. Total length : 36 bytes
bool DataFlash_Backend::Log_Write_Mission_Cmd(const AP_Mission &mission,
                                              const AP_Mission::Mission_Command &cmd)
{
    mavlink_mission_item_t mav_cmd = {};
    AP_Mission::mission_cmd_to_mavlink(cmd,mav_cmd);
    return Log_Write_MavCmd(mission.num_commands(),mav_cmd);
}

void DataFlash_Backend::Log_Write_EntireMission(const AP_Mission &mission)
{
    DFMessageWriter_WriteEntireMission writer;
    writer.set_dataflash_backend(this);
    writer.set_mission(&mission);
    writer.process();
}

// Write a text message to the log
bool DataFlash_Backend::Log_Write_Message(const char *message)
{
    struct log_Message pkt = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_MESSAGE_MSG),
        time_us : AP_HAL::micros64(),
        msg  : {}
    };
    strncpy(pkt.msg, message, sizeof(pkt.msg));
    return WriteCriticalBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));
}

void DataFlash_Class::Log_Write_Power(void)
{
#if CONFIG_HAL_BOARD == HAL_BOARD_PX4
    struct log_POWR pkt = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_POWR_MSG),
        time_us : AP_HAL::micros64(),
        Vcc     : (uint16_t)(hal.analogin->board_voltage() * 100),
        Vservo  : (uint16_t)(hal.analogin->servorail_voltage() * 100),
        flags   : hal.analogin->power_status_flags()
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));
#endif
}

// Write an AHRS2 packet
void DataFlash_Class::Log_Write_AHRS2(AP_AHRS &ahrs)
{
    Vector3f euler;
    struct Location loc;
    if (!ahrs.get_secondary_attitude(euler) || !ahrs.get_secondary_position(loc)) {
        return;
    }
    struct log_AHRS pkt = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_AHR2_MSG),
        time_us : AP_HAL::micros64(),
        roll  : (int16_t)(degrees(euler.x)*100),
        pitch : (int16_t)(degrees(euler.y)*100),
        yaw   : (uint16_t)(wrap_360_cd(degrees(euler.z)*100)),
        alt   : loc.alt*1.0e-2f,
        lat   : loc.lat,
        lng   : loc.lng
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));
}

// Write a POS packet
void DataFlash_Class::Log_Write_POS(AP_AHRS &ahrs)
{
    Location loc;
    if (!ahrs.get_position(loc)) {
        return;
    }
    Vector3f pos;
    ahrs.get_relative_position_NED(pos);
    struct log_POS pkt = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_POS_MSG),
        time_us : AP_HAL::micros64(),
        lat     : loc.lat,
        lng     : loc.lng,
        alt     : loc.alt*1.0e-2f,
        rel_alt : -pos.z
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));
}

#if AP_AHRS_NAVEKF_AVAILABLE
void DataFlash_Class::Log_Write_EKF(AP_AHRS_NavEKF &ahrs, bool optFlowEnabled)
{
    // only log EKF if enabled
    if (ahrs.get_NavEKF().enabled()) {
        // Write first EKF packet
        Vector3f euler;
        Vector3f posNED;
        Vector3f velNED;
        Vector3f dAngBias;
        Vector3f dVelBias;
        Vector3f gyroBias;
        float posDownDeriv;
        ahrs.get_NavEKF().getEulerAngles(euler);
        ahrs.get_NavEKF().getVelNED(velNED);
        ahrs.get_NavEKF().getPosNED(posNED);
        ahrs.get_NavEKF().getGyroBias(gyroBias);
        posDownDeriv = ahrs.get_NavEKF().getPosDownDerivative();
        struct log_EKF1 pkt = {
            LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_EKF1_MSG),
            time_us : AP_HAL::micros64(),
            roll    : (int16_t)(100*degrees(euler.x)), // roll angle (centi-deg, displayed as deg due to format string)
            pitch   : (int16_t)(100*degrees(euler.y)), // pitch angle (centi-deg, displayed as deg due to format string)
            yaw     : (uint16_t)wrap_360_cd(100*degrees(euler.z)), // yaw angle (centi-deg, displayed as deg due to format string)
            velN    : (float)(velNED.x), // velocity North (m/s)
            velE    : (float)(velNED.y), // velocity East (m/s)
            velD    : (float)(velNED.z), // velocity Down (m/s)
            posD_dot : (float)(posDownDeriv), // first derivative of down position
            posN    : (float)(posNED.x), // metres North
            posE    : (float)(posNED.y), // metres East
            posD    : (float)(posNED.z), // metres Down
            gyrX    : (int16_t)(100*degrees(gyroBias.x)), // cd/sec, displayed as deg/sec due to format string
            gyrY    : (int16_t)(100*degrees(gyroBias.y)), // cd/sec, displayed as deg/sec due to format string
            gyrZ    : (int16_t)(100*degrees(gyroBias.z)) // cd/sec, displayed as deg/sec due to format string
        };
        WriteBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));

        // Write second EKF packet
        float ratio;
        float az1bias, az2bias;
        Vector3f wind;
        Vector3f magNED;
        Vector3f magXYZ;
        ahrs.get_NavEKF().getIMU1Weighting(ratio);
        ahrs.get_NavEKF().getAccelZBias(az1bias, az2bias);
        ahrs.get_NavEKF().getWind(wind);
        ahrs.get_NavEKF().getMagNED(magNED);
        ahrs.get_NavEKF().getMagXYZ(magXYZ);
        struct log_EKF2 pkt2 = {
            LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_EKF2_MSG),
            time_us : AP_HAL::micros64(),
            Ratio   : (int8_t)(100*ratio),
            AZ1bias : (int8_t)(100*az1bias),
            AZ2bias : (int8_t)(100*az2bias),
            windN   : (int16_t)(100*wind.x),
            windE   : (int16_t)(100*wind.y),
            magN    : (int16_t)(magNED.x),
            magE    : (int16_t)(magNED.y),
            magD    : (int16_t)(magNED.z),
            magX    : (int16_t)(magXYZ.x),
            magY    : (int16_t)(magXYZ.y),
            magZ    : (int16_t)(magXYZ.z)
        };
        WriteBlock(&pkt2, sizeof(pkt2));

        // Write third EKF packet
        Vector3f velInnov;
        Vector3f posInnov;
        Vector3f magInnov;
        float tasInnov;
        ahrs.get_NavEKF().getInnovations(velInnov, posInnov, magInnov, tasInnov);
        struct log_EKF3 pkt3 = {
            LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_EKF3_MSG),
            time_us : AP_HAL::micros64(),
            innovVN : (int16_t)(100*velInnov.x),
            innovVE : (int16_t)(100*velInnov.y),
            innovVD : (int16_t)(100*velInnov.z),
            innovPN : (int16_t)(100*posInnov.x),
            innovPE : (int16_t)(100*posInnov.y),
            innovPD : (int16_t)(100*posInnov.z),
            innovMX : (int16_t)(magInnov.x),
            innovMY : (int16_t)(magInnov.y),
            innovMZ : (int16_t)(magInnov.z),
            innovVT : (int16_t)(100*tasInnov)
        };
        WriteBlock(&pkt3, sizeof(pkt3));

        // Write fourth EKF packet
        float velVar;
        float posVar;
        float hgtVar;
        Vector3f magVar;
        float tasVar;
        Vector2f offset;
        uint8_t faultStatus, timeoutStatus;
        nav_filter_status solutionStatus;
        nav_gps_status gpsStatus {};
        ahrs.get_NavEKF().getVariances(velVar, posVar, hgtVar, magVar, tasVar, offset);
        ahrs.get_NavEKF().getFilterFaults(faultStatus);
        ahrs.get_NavEKF().getFilterTimeouts(timeoutStatus);
        ahrs.get_NavEKF().getFilterStatus(solutionStatus);
        ahrs.get_NavEKF().getFilterGpsStatus(gpsStatus);
        struct log_EKF4 pkt4 = {
            LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_EKF4_MSG),
            time_us : AP_HAL::micros64(),
            sqrtvarV : (int16_t)(100*velVar),
            sqrtvarP : (int16_t)(100*posVar),
            sqrtvarH : (int16_t)(100*hgtVar),
            sqrtvarMX : (int16_t)(100*magVar.x),
            sqrtvarMY : (int16_t)(100*magVar.y),
            sqrtvarMZ : (int16_t)(100*magVar.z),
            sqrtvarVT : (int16_t)(100*tasVar),
            offsetNorth : (int8_t)(offset.x),
            offsetEast : (int8_t)(offset.y),
            faults : (uint8_t)(faultStatus),
            timeouts : (uint8_t)(timeoutStatus),
            solution : (uint16_t)(solutionStatus.value),
            gps : (uint16_t)(gpsStatus.value)
        };
        WriteBlock(&pkt4, sizeof(pkt4));


        // Write fifth EKF packet
        if (optFlowEnabled) {
            float normInnov; // normalised innovation variance ratio for optical flow observations fused by the main nav filter
            float gndOffset; // estimated vertical position of the terrain relative to the nav filter zero datum
            float flowInnovX, flowInnovY; // optical flow LOS rate vector innovations from the main nav filter
            float auxFlowInnov; // optical flow LOS rate innovation from terrain offset estimator
            float HAGL; // height above ground level
            float rngInnov; // range finder innovations
            float range; // measured range
            float gndOffsetErr; // filter ground offset state error
            ahrs.get_NavEKF().getFlowDebug(normInnov, gndOffset, flowInnovX, flowInnovY, auxFlowInnov, HAGL, rngInnov, range, gndOffsetErr);
            struct log_EKF5 pkt5 = {
                LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_EKF5_MSG),
                time_us : AP_HAL::micros64(),
                normInnov : (uint8_t)(MIN(100*normInnov,255)),
                FIX : (int16_t)(1000*flowInnovX),
                FIY : (int16_t)(1000*flowInnovY),
                AFI : (int16_t)(1000*auxFlowInnov),
                HAGL : (int16_t)(100*HAGL),
                offset : (int16_t)(100*gndOffset),
                RI : (int16_t)(100*rngInnov),
                  meaRng : (uint16_t)(100*range),
                  errHAGL : (uint16_t)(100*gndOffsetErr)
               };
              WriteBlock(&pkt5, sizeof(pkt5));
        }
    }
    // only log EKF2 if enabled
    if (ahrs.get_NavEKF2().activeCores() > 0) {
        Log_Write_EKF2(ahrs, optFlowEnabled);
    }
}


void DataFlash_Class::Log_Write_EKF2(AP_AHRS_NavEKF &ahrs, bool optFlowEnabled)
{
	// Write first EKF packet
    Vector3f euler;
    Vector3f posNED;
    Vector3f velNED;
    Vector3f dAngBias;
    Vector3f dVelBias;
    Vector3f gyroBias;
    float posDownDeriv;
    ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getEulerAngles(0,euler);
    ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getVelNED(0,velNED);
    ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getPosNED(0,posNED);
    ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getGyroBias(0,gyroBias);
    posDownDeriv = ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getPosDownDerivative(0);
    struct log_EKF1 pkt = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_NKF1_MSG),
        time_us : AP_HAL::micros64(),
        roll    : (int16_t)(100*degrees(euler.x)), // roll angle (centi-deg, displayed as deg due to format string)
        pitch   : (int16_t)(100*degrees(euler.y)), // pitch angle (centi-deg, displayed as deg due to format string)
        yaw     : (uint16_t)wrap_360_cd(100*degrees(euler.z)), // yaw angle (centi-deg, displayed as deg due to format string)
        velN    : (float)(velNED.x), // velocity North (m/s)
        velE    : (float)(velNED.y), // velocity East (m/s)
        velD    : (float)(velNED.z), // velocity Down (m/s)
        posD_dot : (float)(posDownDeriv), // first derivative of down position
        posN    : (float)(posNED.x), // metres North
        posE    : (float)(posNED.y), // metres East
        posD    : (float)(posNED.z), // metres Down
        gyrX    : (int16_t)(100*degrees(gyroBias.x)), // cd/sec, displayed as deg/sec due to format string
        gyrY    : (int16_t)(100*degrees(gyroBias.y)), // cd/sec, displayed as deg/sec due to format string
        gyrZ    : (int16_t)(100*degrees(gyroBias.z)) // cd/sec, displayed as deg/sec due to format string
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));

    // Write second EKF packet
    float azbias = 0;
    Vector3f wind;
    Vector3f magNED;
    Vector3f magXYZ;
    Vector3f gyroScaleFactor;
    uint8_t magIndex = ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getActiveMag(0);
    ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getAccelZBias(0,azbias);
    ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getWind(0,wind);
    ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getMagNED(0,magNED);
    ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getMagXYZ(0,magXYZ);
    ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getGyroScaleErrorPercentage(0,gyroScaleFactor);
    struct log_NKF2 pkt2 = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_NKF2_MSG),
        time_us : AP_HAL::micros64(),
        AZbias  : (int8_t)(100*azbias),
        scaleX  : (int16_t)(100*gyroScaleFactor.x),
        scaleY  : (int16_t)(100*gyroScaleFactor.y),
        scaleZ  : (int16_t)(100*gyroScaleFactor.z),
        windN   : (int16_t)(100*wind.x),
        windE   : (int16_t)(100*wind.y),
        magN    : (int16_t)(magNED.x),
        magE    : (int16_t)(magNED.y),
        magD    : (int16_t)(magNED.z),
        magX    : (int16_t)(magXYZ.x),
        magY    : (int16_t)(magXYZ.y),
        magZ    : (int16_t)(magXYZ.z),
        index   : (uint8_t)(magIndex)
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt2, sizeof(pkt2));

    // Write third EKF packet
    Vector3f velInnov;
    Vector3f posInnov;
    Vector3f magInnov;
    float tasInnov = 0;
    float yawInnov = 0;
    ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getInnovations(0,velInnov, posInnov, magInnov, tasInnov, yawInnov);
    struct log_NKF3 pkt3 = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_NKF3_MSG),
        time_us : AP_HAL::micros64(),
        innovVN : (int16_t)(100*velInnov.x),
        innovVE : (int16_t)(100*velInnov.y),
        innovVD : (int16_t)(100*velInnov.z),
        innovPN : (int16_t)(100*posInnov.x),
        innovPE : (int16_t)(100*posInnov.y),
        innovPD : (int16_t)(100*posInnov.z),
        innovMX : (int16_t)(magInnov.x),
        innovMY : (int16_t)(magInnov.y),
        innovMZ : (int16_t)(magInnov.z),
        innovYaw : (int16_t)(100*degrees(yawInnov)),
        innovVT : (int16_t)(100*tasInnov)
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt3, sizeof(pkt3));

    // Write fourth EKF packet
    float velVar = 0;
    float posVar = 0;
    float hgtVar = 0;
    Vector3f magVar;
    float tasVar = 0;
    Vector2f offset;
    uint8_t faultStatus=0, timeoutStatus=0;
    nav_filter_status solutionStatus {};
    nav_gps_status gpsStatus {};
    ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getVariances(0,velVar, posVar, hgtVar, magVar, tasVar, offset);
    float magLength = magVar.length();
    ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getFilterFaults(0,faultStatus);
    ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getFilterTimeouts(0,timeoutStatus);
    ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getFilterStatus(0,solutionStatus);
    ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getFilterGpsStatus(0,gpsStatus);
    float tiltError;
    ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getTiltError(0,tiltError);
    uint8_t primaryIndex = ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getPrimaryCoreIndex();
    struct log_NKF4 pkt4 = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_NKF4_MSG),
        time_us : AP_HAL::micros64(),
        sqrtvarV : (int16_t)(100*velVar),
        sqrtvarP : (int16_t)(100*posVar),
        sqrtvarH : (int16_t)(100*hgtVar),
        sqrtvarM : (int16_t)(100*magLength),
        sqrtvarVT : (int16_t)(100*tasVar),
        tiltErr : (float)tiltError,
        offsetNorth : (int8_t)(offset.x),
        offsetEast : (int8_t)(offset.y),
        faults : (uint8_t)(faultStatus),
        timeouts : (uint8_t)(timeoutStatus),
        solution : (uint16_t)(solutionStatus.value),
        gps : (uint16_t)(gpsStatus.value),
        primary : (int8_t)primaryIndex
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt4, sizeof(pkt4));

    // Write fifth EKF packet - take data from the primary instance
    if (optFlowEnabled) {
        float normInnov=0; // normalised innovation variance ratio for optical flow observations fused by the main nav filter
        float gndOffset=0; // estimated vertical position of the terrain relative to the nav filter zero datum
        float flowInnovX=0, flowInnovY=0; // optical flow LOS rate vector innovations from the main nav filter
        float auxFlowInnov=0; // optical flow LOS rate innovation from terrain offset estimator
        float HAGL=0; // height above ground level
        float rngInnov=0; // range finder innovations
        float range=0; // measured range
        float gndOffsetErr=0; // filter ground offset state error
        ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getFlowDebug(-1,normInnov, gndOffset, flowInnovX, flowInnovY, auxFlowInnov, HAGL, rngInnov, range, gndOffsetErr);
        struct log_EKF5 pkt5 = {
            LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_NKF5_MSG),
            time_us : AP_HAL::micros64(),
            normInnov : (uint8_t)(MIN(100*normInnov,255)),
            FIX : (int16_t)(1000*flowInnovX),
            FIY : (int16_t)(1000*flowInnovY),
            AFI : (int16_t)(1000*auxFlowInnov),
            HAGL : (int16_t)(100*HAGL),
            offset : (int16_t)(100*gndOffset),
            RI : (int16_t)(100*rngInnov),
            meaRng : (uint16_t)(100*range),
            errHAGL : (uint16_t)(100*gndOffsetErr)
         };
        WriteBlock(&pkt5, sizeof(pkt5));
    }

    // log innovations for the second IMU if enabled
    if (ahrs.get_NavEKF2().activeCores() >= 2) {
        // Write 6th EKF packet
        ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getEulerAngles(1,euler);
        ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getVelNED(1,velNED);
        ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getPosNED(1,posNED);
        ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getGyroBias(1,gyroBias);
        posDownDeriv = ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getPosDownDerivative(1);
        struct log_EKF1 pkt6 = {
            LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_NKF6_MSG),
            time_us : AP_HAL::micros64(),
            roll    : (int16_t)(100*degrees(euler.x)), // roll angle (centi-deg, displayed as deg due to format string)
            pitch   : (int16_t)(100*degrees(euler.y)), // pitch angle (centi-deg, displayed as deg due to format string)
            yaw     : (uint16_t)wrap_360_cd(100*degrees(euler.z)), // yaw angle (centi-deg, displayed as deg due to format string)
            velN    : (float)(velNED.x), // velocity North (m/s)
            velE    : (float)(velNED.y), // velocity East (m/s)
            velD    : (float)(velNED.z), // velocity Down (m/s)
            posD_dot : (float)(posDownDeriv), // first derivative of down position
            posN    : (float)(posNED.x), // metres North
            posE    : (float)(posNED.y), // metres East
            posD    : (float)(posNED.z), // metres Down
            gyrX    : (int16_t)(100*degrees(gyroBias.x)), // cd/sec, displayed as deg/sec due to format string
            gyrY    : (int16_t)(100*degrees(gyroBias.y)), // cd/sec, displayed as deg/sec due to format string
            gyrZ    : (int16_t)(100*degrees(gyroBias.z)) // cd/sec, displayed as deg/sec due to format string
        };
        WriteBlock(&pkt6, sizeof(pkt6));

        // Write 7th EKF packet
        ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getAccelZBias(1,azbias);
        ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getWind(1,wind);
        ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getMagNED(1,magNED);
        ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getMagXYZ(1,magXYZ);
        ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getGyroScaleErrorPercentage(1,gyroScaleFactor);
        magIndex = ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getActiveMag(1);
        struct log_NKF2 pkt7 = {
            LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_NKF7_MSG),
            time_us : AP_HAL::micros64(),
            AZbias  : (int8_t)(100*azbias),
            scaleX  : (int16_t)(100*gyroScaleFactor.x),
            scaleY  : (int16_t)(100*gyroScaleFactor.y),
            scaleZ  : (int16_t)(100*gyroScaleFactor.z),
            windN   : (int16_t)(100*wind.x),
            windE   : (int16_t)(100*wind.y),
            magN    : (int16_t)(magNED.x),
            magE    : (int16_t)(magNED.y),
            magD    : (int16_t)(magNED.z),
            magX    : (int16_t)(magXYZ.x),
            magY    : (int16_t)(magXYZ.y),
            magZ    : (int16_t)(magXYZ.z),
            index   : (uint8_t)(magIndex)
        };
        WriteBlock(&pkt7, sizeof(pkt7));

        // Write 8th EKF packet
        ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getInnovations(1,velInnov, posInnov, magInnov, tasInnov, yawInnov);
        struct log_NKF3 pkt8 = {
            LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_NKF8_MSG),
            time_us : AP_HAL::micros64(),
            innovVN : (int16_t)(100*velInnov.x),
            innovVE : (int16_t)(100*velInnov.y),
            innovVD : (int16_t)(100*velInnov.z),
            innovPN : (int16_t)(100*posInnov.x),
            innovPE : (int16_t)(100*posInnov.y),
            innovPD : (int16_t)(100*posInnov.z),
            innovMX : (int16_t)(magInnov.x),
            innovMY : (int16_t)(magInnov.y),
            innovMZ : (int16_t)(magInnov.z),
            innovYaw : (int16_t)(100*degrees(yawInnov)),
            innovVT : (int16_t)(100*tasInnov)
        };
        WriteBlock(&pkt8, sizeof(pkt8));

        // Write 9th EKF packet
        ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getVariances(1,velVar, posVar, hgtVar, magVar, tasVar, offset);
        magLength = magVar.length();
        ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getFilterFaults(1,faultStatus);
        ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getFilterTimeouts(1,timeoutStatus);
        ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getFilterStatus(1,solutionStatus);
        ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getFilterGpsStatus(1,gpsStatus);
        ahrs.get_NavEKF2().getTiltError(1,tiltError);
        struct log_NKF4 pkt9 = {
            LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_NKF9_MSG),
            time_us : AP_HAL::micros64(),
            sqrtvarV : (int16_t)(100*velVar),
            sqrtvarP : (int16_t)(100*posVar),
            sqrtvarH : (int16_t)(100*hgtVar),
            sqrtvarM : (int16_t)(100*magLength),
            sqrtvarVT : (int16_t)(100*tasVar),
            tiltErr : (float)tiltError,
            offsetNorth : (int8_t)(offset.x),
            offsetEast : (int8_t)(offset.y),
            faults : (uint8_t)(faultStatus),
            timeouts : (uint8_t)(timeoutStatus),
            solution : (uint16_t)(solutionStatus.value),
            gps : (uint16_t)(gpsStatus.value),
            primary : (int8_t)primaryIndex
        };
        WriteBlock(&pkt9, sizeof(pkt9));
    }
}
#endif

// Write a command processing packet
bool DataFlash_Backend::Log_Write_MavCmd(uint16_t cmd_total, const mavlink_mission_item_t& mav_cmd)
{
    struct log_Cmd pkt = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_CMD_MSG),
        time_us         : AP_HAL::micros64(),
        command_total   : (uint16_t)cmd_total,
        sequence        : (uint16_t)mav_cmd.seq,
        command         : (uint16_t)mav_cmd.command,
        param1          : (float)mav_cmd.param1,
        param2          : (float)mav_cmd.param2,
        param3          : (float)mav_cmd.param3,
        param4          : (float)mav_cmd.param4,
        latitude        : (float)mav_cmd.x,
        longitude       : (float)mav_cmd.y,
        altitude        : (float)mav_cmd.z
    };
    return WriteBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));
}

void DataFlash_Class::Log_Write_Radio(const mavlink_radio_t &packet) 
{
    struct log_Radio pkt = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_RADIO_MSG),
        time_us      : AP_HAL::micros64(),
        rssi         : packet.rssi,
        remrssi      : packet.remrssi,
        txbuf        : packet.txbuf,
        noise        : packet.noise,
        remnoise     : packet.remnoise,
        rxerrors     : packet.rxerrors,
        fixed        : packet.fixed
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt)); 
}

// Write a Camera packet
void DataFlash_Class::Log_Write_CameraInfo(enum LogMessages msg, const AP_AHRS &ahrs, const AP_GPS &gps, const Location &current_loc)
{
    int32_t altitude, altitude_rel, altitude_gps;
    if (current_loc.flags.relative_alt) {
        altitude = current_loc.alt+ahrs.get_home().alt;
        altitude_rel = current_loc.alt;
    } else {
        altitude = current_loc.alt;
        altitude_rel = current_loc.alt - ahrs.get_home().alt;
    }
    if (gps.status() >= AP_GPS::GPS_OK_FIX_3D) {
        altitude_gps = gps.location().alt;
    } else {
        altitude_gps = 0;
    }

    struct log_Camera pkt = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(static_cast<uint8_t>(msg)),
        time_us     : AP_HAL::micros64(),
        gps_time    : gps.time_week_ms(),
        gps_week    : gps.time_week(),
        latitude    : current_loc.lat,
        longitude   : current_loc.lng,
        altitude    : altitude,
        altitude_rel: altitude_rel,
        altitude_gps: altitude_gps,
        roll        : (int16_t)ahrs.roll_sensor,
        pitch       : (int16_t)ahrs.pitch_sensor,
        yaw         : (uint16_t)ahrs.yaw_sensor
    };
    WriteCriticalBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));
}

// Write a Camera packet
void DataFlash_Class::Log_Write_Camera(const AP_AHRS &ahrs, const AP_GPS &gps, const Location &current_loc)
{
    Log_Write_CameraInfo(LOG_CAMERA_MSG, ahrs, gps, current_loc);
}

// Write a Trigger packet
void DataFlash_Class::Log_Write_Trigger(const AP_AHRS &ahrs, const AP_GPS &gps, const Location &current_loc)
{
    Log_Write_CameraInfo(LOG_TRIGGER_MSG, ahrs, gps, current_loc);
}

// Write an attitude packet
void DataFlash_Class::Log_Write_Attitude(AP_AHRS &ahrs, const Vector3f &targets)
{
    struct log_Attitude pkt = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_ATTITUDE_MSG),
        time_us         : AP_HAL::micros64(),
        control_roll    : (int16_t)targets.x,
        roll            : (int16_t)ahrs.roll_sensor,
        control_pitch   : (int16_t)targets.y,
        pitch           : (int16_t)ahrs.pitch_sensor,
        control_yaw     : (uint16_t)targets.z,
        yaw             : (uint16_t)ahrs.yaw_sensor,
        error_rp        : (uint16_t)(ahrs.get_error_rp() * 100),
        error_yaw       : (uint16_t)(ahrs.get_error_yaw() * 100)
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));
}

// Write an Current data packet
void DataFlash_Class::Log_Write_Current(const AP_BattMonitor &battery, int16_t throttle)
{
    float voltage2 = battery.voltage2();
    struct log_Current pkt = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_CURRENT_MSG),
        time_us             : AP_HAL::micros64(),
        throttle        	: throttle,
        battery_voltage     : (int16_t) (battery.voltage() * 100.0f),
        current_amps        : (int16_t) (battery.current_amps() * 100.0f),
        board_voltage       : (uint16_t)(hal.analogin->board_voltage()*1000),
        current_total       : battery.current_total_mah(),
        battery2_voltage    : (int16_t)(voltage2 * 100.0f)
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));
}

// Write a Compass packet
void DataFlash_Class::Log_Write_Compass(const Compass &compass, uint64_t time_us)
{
    if (time_us == 0) {
        time_us = AP_HAL::micros64();
    }
    const Vector3f &mag_field = compass.get_field(0);
    const Vector3f &mag_offsets = compass.get_offsets(0);
    const Vector3f &mag_motor_offsets = compass.get_motor_offsets(0);   
    struct log_Compass pkt = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_COMPASS_MSG),
        time_us         : time_us,
        mag_x           : (int16_t)mag_field.x,
        mag_y           : (int16_t)mag_field.y,
        mag_z           : (int16_t)mag_field.z,
        offset_x        : (int16_t)mag_offsets.x,
        offset_y        : (int16_t)mag_offsets.y,
        offset_z        : (int16_t)mag_offsets.z,
        motor_offset_x  : (int16_t)mag_motor_offsets.x,
        motor_offset_y  : (int16_t)mag_motor_offsets.y,
        motor_offset_z  : (int16_t)mag_motor_offsets.z,
        health          : (uint8_t)compass.healthy(0),
        SUS             : compass.last_update_usec(0)
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));

    if (compass.get_count() > 1) {
        const Vector3f &mag_field2 = compass.get_field(1);
        const Vector3f &mag_offsets2 = compass.get_offsets(1);
        const Vector3f &mag_motor_offsets2 = compass.get_motor_offsets(1);   
        struct log_Compass pkt2 = {
            LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_COMPASS2_MSG),
            time_us         : time_us,
            mag_x           : (int16_t)mag_field2.x,
            mag_y           : (int16_t)mag_field2.y,
            mag_z           : (int16_t)mag_field2.z,
            offset_x        : (int16_t)mag_offsets2.x,
            offset_y        : (int16_t)mag_offsets2.y,
            offset_z        : (int16_t)mag_offsets2.z,
            motor_offset_x  : (int16_t)mag_motor_offsets2.x,
            motor_offset_y  : (int16_t)mag_motor_offsets2.y,
            motor_offset_z  : (int16_t)mag_motor_offsets2.z,
            health          : (uint8_t)compass.healthy(1),
            SUS             : compass.last_update_usec(1)
        };
        WriteBlock(&pkt2, sizeof(pkt2));
    }

    if (compass.get_count() > 2) {
        const Vector3f &mag_field3 = compass.get_field(2);
        const Vector3f &mag_offsets3 = compass.get_offsets(2);
        const Vector3f &mag_motor_offsets3 = compass.get_motor_offsets(2);   
        struct log_Compass pkt3 = {
            LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_COMPASS3_MSG),
            time_us         : time_us,
            mag_x           : (int16_t)mag_field3.x,
            mag_y           : (int16_t)mag_field3.y,
            mag_z           : (int16_t)mag_field3.z,
            offset_x        : (int16_t)mag_offsets3.x,
            offset_y        : (int16_t)mag_offsets3.y,
            offset_z        : (int16_t)mag_offsets3.z,
            motor_offset_x  : (int16_t)mag_motor_offsets3.x,
            motor_offset_y  : (int16_t)mag_motor_offsets3.y,
            motor_offset_z  : (int16_t)mag_motor_offsets3.z,
            health          : (uint8_t)compass.healthy(2),
            SUS             : compass.last_update_usec(2)
        };
        WriteBlock(&pkt3, sizeof(pkt3));
    }
}

// Write a mode packet.
bool DataFlash_Backend::Log_Write_Mode(uint8_t mode, uint8_t reason)
{
    struct log_Mode pkt = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_MODE_MSG),
        time_us  : AP_HAL::micros64(),
        mode     : mode,
        mode_num : mode,
        mode_reason : reason
    };
    return WriteCriticalBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));
}

// Write ESC status messages
void DataFlash_Class::Log_Write_ESC(void)
{
#if CONFIG_HAL_BOARD == HAL_BOARD_PX4
    static int _esc_status_sub = -1;
    struct esc_status_s esc_status;

    if (_esc_status_sub == -1) {
        // subscribe to ORB topic on first call
        _esc_status_sub = orb_subscribe(ORB_ID(esc_status));  
    } 

    // check for new ESC status data
    bool esc_updated = false;
    orb_check(_esc_status_sub, &esc_updated);
    if (esc_updated && (OK == orb_copy(ORB_ID(esc_status), _esc_status_sub, &esc_status))) {
        if (esc_status.esc_count > 8) {
            esc_status.esc_count = 8;
        }
        uint64_t time_us = AP_HAL::micros64();
        for (uint8_t i = 0; i < esc_status.esc_count; i++) {
            // skip logging ESCs with a esc_address of zero, and this
            // are probably not populated. The Pixhawk itself should
            // be address zero
            if (esc_status.esc[i].esc_address != 0) {
                struct log_Esc pkt = {
                    LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT((uint8_t)(LOG_ESC1_MSG + i)),
                    time_us     : time_us,
                    rpm         : (int16_t)(esc_status.esc[i].esc_rpm/10),
                    voltage     : (int16_t)(esc_status.esc[i].esc_voltage*100.0f + .5f),
                    current     : (int16_t)(esc_status.esc[i].esc_current*100.0f + .5f),
                    temperature : (int16_t)(esc_status.esc[i].esc_temperature*100.0f + .5f)
                };

                WriteBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));
            }
        }
    }
#endif // CONFIG_HAL_BOARD
}

// Write a AIRSPEED packet
void DataFlash_Class::Log_Write_Airspeed(AP_Airspeed &airspeed)
{
    float temperature;
    if (!airspeed.get_temperature(temperature)) {
        temperature = 0;
    }
    struct log_AIRSPEED pkt = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_ARSP_MSG),
        time_us       : AP_HAL::micros64(),
        airspeed      : airspeed.get_raw_airspeed(),
        diffpressure  : airspeed.get_differential_pressure(),
        temperature   : (int16_t)(temperature * 100.0f),
        rawpressure   : airspeed.get_raw_pressure(),
        offset        : airspeed.get_offset()
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));
}

// Write a Yaw PID packet
void DataFlash_Class::Log_Write_PID(uint8_t msg_type, const PID_Info &info)
{
    struct log_PID pkt = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(msg_type),
        time_us         : AP_HAL::micros64(),
        desired         : info.desired,
        P               : info.P,
        I               : info.I,
        D               : info.D,
        FF              : info.FF,
        AFF             : info.AFF
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));
}

void DataFlash_Class::Log_Write_Origin(uint8_t origin_type, const Location &loc)
{
    uint64_t time_us = AP_HAL::micros64();
    struct log_ORGN pkt = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_ORGN_MSG),
        time_us     : time_us,
        origin_type : origin_type,
        latitude    : loc.lat,
        longitude   : loc.lng,
        altitude    : loc.alt
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));
}

void DataFlash_Class::Log_Write_RPM(const AP_RPM &rpm_sensor)
{
    struct log_RPM pkt = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_RPM_MSG),
        time_us     : AP_HAL::micros64(),
        rpm1        : rpm_sensor.get_rpm(0),
        rpm2        : rpm_sensor.get_rpm(1)
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));
}

// Write an rate packet
void DataFlash_Class::Log_Write_Rate(const AP_AHRS &ahrs,
                                     const AP_Motors &motors,
                                     const AC_AttitudeControl &attitude_control,
                                     const AC_PosControl &pos_control)
{
    const Vector3f &rate_targets = attitude_control.rate_bf_targets();
    const Vector3f &accel_target = pos_control.get_accel_target();
    struct log_Rate pkt_rate = {
        LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_RATE_MSG),
        time_us         : AP_HAL::micros64(),
        control_roll    : (float)rate_targets.x,
        roll            : (float)(ahrs.get_gyro().x * AC_ATTITUDE_CONTROL_DEGX100),
        roll_out        : motors.get_roll(),
        control_pitch   : (float)rate_targets.y,
        pitch           : (float)(ahrs.get_gyro().y * AC_ATTITUDE_CONTROL_DEGX100),
        pitch_out       : motors.get_pitch(),
        control_yaw     : (float)rate_targets.z,
        yaw             : (float)(ahrs.get_gyro().z * AC_ATTITUDE_CONTROL_DEGX100),
        yaw_out         : motors.get_yaw(),
        control_accel   : (float)accel_target.z,
        accel           : (float)(-(ahrs.get_accel_ef_blended().z + GRAVITY_MSS) * 100.0f),
        accel_out       : motors.get_throttle()
    };
    WriteBlock(&pkt_rate, sizeof(pkt_rate));
}