popen2.popen2/3/4 functions can be a sequence. All texts are a variation on the
following:
On \UNIX, \var{cmd} may be a sequence, in which case arguments will be passed
directly to the program without shell intervention (as with
\function{os.spawnv()}). If \var{cmd} is a string it will be passed to the shell
(as with \function{os.system()}).
Briefly (from the NEWS file):
- Updates for the email package:
+ All deprecated APIs that in email 2.x issued warnings have been removed:
_encoder argument to the MIMEText constructor, Message.add_payload(),
Utils.dump_address_pair(), Utils.decode(), Utils.encode()
+ New deprecations: Generator.__call__(), Message.get_type(),
Message.get_main_type(), Message.get_subtype(), the 'strict' argument to
the Parser constructor. These will be removed in email 3.1.
+ Support for Python earlier than 2.3 has been removed (see PEP 291).
+ All defect classes have been renamed to end in 'Defect'.
+ Some FeedParser fixes; also a MultipartInvariantViolationDefect will be
added to messages that claim to be multipart but really aren't.
+ Updates to documentation.
request. Tim says that "correct 'fuzzy' comparison of floats cannot
be automated." (The motivation behind adding the new option
was verifying interactive examples in Python's latex documentation;
several such examples use numbers that don't print consistently on
different platforms.)
reStructuredText format. Remove words describing the return value of
testmod() and testfile() in the intro sections, since it's never
useful in such simple cases.
its documentation.
* Documented that the compiled re methods are supposed to be more full
featured than their simpilified function counterparts.
* Documented the existing start and stop position arguments for the
findall() and finditer() methods of compiled regular expression objects.
* Added an optional flags argument to the re.findall() and re.finditer()
functions. This aligns their API with that for re.search() and
re.match().
- Reorganized the documentation
- Shifted focus a little more towards "literate testing"
- Documented new functions and classes:
- testfile()
- Example, DocTest
- DocTestParser, DocTestFinder, DocTestRunner, OutputChecker
- DocFileSuite
- DebugRunner, DocTestFailure, UnexpectedException
- register_optionflag()
- Minor wording changes
- Changed the docs to reflect the fact that multiple option directives
can be specified on a single line (and updated the directive
production list, as well).
Renamed the new generator at Trevor's recommendation.
The name HardwareRandom suggested a bit more than it
delivered (no radioactive decay detectors or such).
decoding incomplete input (when the input stream is temporarily exhausted).
codecs.StreamReader now implements buffering, which enables proper
readline support for the UTF-16 decoders. codecs.StreamReader.read()
has a new argument chars which specifies the number of characters to
return. codecs.StreamReader.readline() and codecs.StreamReader.readlines()
have a new argument keepends. Trailing "\n"s will be stripped from the lines
if keepends is false. Added C APIs PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8Stateful and
PyUnicode_DecodeUTF16Stateful.
* Discuss the algorithmic distinctions between s.split() and s.split(sep).
* Document the split behavior for empty strings.
* Note the behavior when maxsplit is zero.
* Include short examples.
in the new docs.
DocTestRunner.__run: Separate the determination of the example outcome
from reporting that outcome, to squash brittle code duplication and
excessive nesting.
this is the right way to document such things (Fred, help me out here :-),
but I got misled by the existing documentation and assumed the parameter
list was a *args sort of thing.
to unittest, so make it official: new module constants COMPARISON_FLAGS
and REPORTING_FLAGS, which are bitmasks or'ing together the relevant
individual option flags.
set_unittest_reportflags(): Reworked to use REPORTING_FLAGS, and
simplified overly complicated flag logic.
class FakeModule: Removed this; neither documented nor used.
NDIFF_DIFF->REPORT_NDIFF. This establishes the naming convention that
all reporting options should begin with "REPORT_" (since reporting
options are a different class from output comparison options; but they
are both set in optionflags).
a traceback message. I.e., examples that raise exceptions may no
longer generate pre-exception output. This restores the behavior of
doctest in python 2.3. The ability to check pre-exception output is
being removed because it makes the documentation simpler; and because
there are very few use cases for it.
This patch includes test cases and documentation updates, as well as NEWS file
updates.
This patch also updates the sre modules so that they don't import the string
module, breaking direct circular imports.
happen in 2.3, but nobody noticed it still was getting generated (the
warning was disabled by default). OverflowWarning and
PyExc_OverflowWarning should be removed for 2.5, and left notes all over
saying so.
in this section is new in 2.4, and that's all mentioned already in
versionadded{} thingies at the end of the section. It hurts readability
to have them after every line <wink>.
Document a nuance of super(). It is designed to work well with dotted
attribute lookup but not with equivalent implicit lookups using operators
or statements.
* Discuss representation error versus loss of significance.
* Document special values including qNaN, sNaN, +0, -0.
* Show the suprising display of non-normalized zero values.
them (which they are now), I had to rewrite the code to understand
it. This has got to be the most DWIM part of doctest -- but in context
is really necessary.
Added XXX comment about why the undocumented PyRange_New() API function
is too broken to be worth the considerable pain of repairing.
Changed range_new() to stop using PyRange_New(). This fixes a variety
of bogus errors. Nothing in the core uses PyRange_New() now.
Documented that xrange() is intended to be simple and fast, and that
CPython restricts its arguments, and length of its result sequence, to
native C longs.
Added some tests that failed before the patch, and repaired a test that
relied on a bogus OverflowError getting raised.
I haven't tried to include all the material on old-style classes using protocols 0,1. The details are lengthy; someone who knows
more about the pickle module should decide if they're important enough
to be in the docs or not.
unicodedata.east_asian_width(). You can still implement your own
simple width() function using it like this:
def width(u):
w = 0
for c in unicodedata.normalize('NFC', u):
cwidth = unicodedata.east_asian_width(c)
if cwidth in ('W', 'F'): w += 2
else: w += 1
return w
Clarifed that os.environ is captured once; emphasized that it's better
to assign to os.environ than to call putenv() directly (the putenv()
docs said so, but the environ docs didn't).
Major rewrite of the math module docs. Slapped in "radians" where
appropriate; grouped the functions into reasonable categories; supplied
many more words to address common confusions about some of the subtler
issues.
discussed recently in python-dev:
In _locale module:
- bind_textdomain_codeset() binding
In gettext module:
- bind_textdomain_codeset() function
- lgettext(), lngettext(), ldgettext(), ldngettext(),
which return translated strings encoded in
preferred system encoding, if
bind_textdomain_codeset() was not used.
- Added equivalent functionality in translate()
function and catalog classes.
Every change was also documented.
and installed layouts to make maintenance simple and easy. And it
also adds four new codecs; big5hkscs, euc-jis-2004, shift-jis-2004
and iso2022-jp-2004.
A LaTeX comment identified the 6 os.O_XXX constants the docs claimed
are available on Windows but aren't. The bug report listed the same 6.
Split these non-Windows constants into a different table with a possibly
correct "Availability:" claim.
the documented behavior: the function passed to the onerror()
handler can now also be os.listdir.
[I could've sworn I checked this in, but apparently I didn't, or it
got lost???]
URLs will seemingly succeed to read a URL that points to a file whose
permissions you do not have to read.
Backport candidate once everyone agrees with the wording.
I don't agree it had a bug (see the report), so this is *not* a candidate
for backporting, but the docs were confusing and the Queue implementation
was old enough to vote.
Rewrote put/put_nowait/get/get_nowait from scratch, to use a pair of
Conditions (not_full and not_empty), sharing a common mutex. The code
is 1/4 the size now, and 6.25x easier to understand. For blocking
with timeout, we also get to reuse (indirectly) the tedious timeout
code from threading.Condition. The Full and Empty exceptions raised
by non-blocking calls are now easy (instead of nearly impossible) to
explain truthfully: Full is raised if and only if the Queue truly
is full when the non-blocking put call checks the queue size, and
similarly for Empty versus non-blocking get.
What I don't know is whether the new implementation is slower (or
faster) than the old one. I don't really care. Anyone who cares
a lot is encouraged to check that.
Patch by John J Lee
Reviewed by Jeff Epler / KBK
Doc built OK.
urlopen() may return None if no handler handles the request.
Also clarify what install_opener does.
M liburllib2.tex
* Rename "trap_enablers" to just "traps".
* Simplify names of "settraps" and "setflags" to just "traps" and "flags".
* Show "capitals" in the context representation
* Simplify the Context constructor to match its repr form so that only
the set flags and traps need to be listed.
* Representation can now be run through eval().
Improve the error message when the Decimal constructor is given a float.
The test suite no longer needs a duplicate reset_flags method.
* Map conditions to related signals.
* Make contexts unhashable.
* Eliminate used "default" attribute in exception definitions.
* Eliminate the _filterfunc in favor of a straight list.
Docs:
* Eliminate documented references to conditions that are not signals.
* Eliminate parenthetical notes such as "1/0 --> Inf" which are no
longer true with the new defaults.
- weakref.ref and weakref.ReferenceType will become aliases for each
other
- weakref.ref will be a modern, new-style class with proper __new__
and __init__ methods
- weakref.WeakValueDictionary will have a lighter memory footprint,
using a new weakref.ref subclass to associate the key with the
value, allowing us to have only a single object of overhead for each
dictionary entry (currently, there are 3 objects of overhead per
entry: a weakref to the value, a weakref to the dictionary, and a
function object used as a weakref callback; the weakref to the
dictionary could be avoided without this change)
- a new macro, PyWeakref_CheckRefExact(), will be added
- PyWeakref_CheckRef() will check for subclasses of weakref.ref
This closes SF patch #983019.
The builtin eval() function now accepts any mapping for the locals argument.
Time sensitive steps guarded by PyDict_CheckExact() to keep from slowing
down the normal case. My timings so no measurable impact.
Neal Norwitz
Fredrik Lundh
Facundo Batista
Tim Peters
Johannes Gijsbers
Anthony Baxter
Andrew M. Kuchling
Raymond Hettinger
Vinay Sajip
David Goodger
Michael W. Hudson
Barry Warsaw
Greg Ward
Edward Loper
Skip Montanaro
Armin Rigo
Martin v. Löwis
Fred Drake
Walter Dörwald
Brett Cannon
Gustavo Niemeyer
Dave Cole
Phillip J. Eby
Matthias Klose
Hye-Shik Chang
Jim Fulton
Guido van Rossum
Kurt B. Kaiser
Nicholas Bastin