for errors raised in future.c.
Move some helper functions from compile.c to errors.c and make them
API functions: PyErr_SyntaxLocation() and PyErr_ProgramText().
raised by the compiler.
XXX For now, text entered into the interactive intepreter is not
printed in the traceback.
Inspired by a patch from Roman Sulzhyk
compile.c:
Add helper fetch_program_text() that opens a file and reads until it
finds the specified line number. The code is a near duplicate of
similar code in traceback.c.
Modify com_error() to pass two arguments to SyntaxError constructor,
where the second argument contains the offending text when possible.
Modify set_error_location(), now used only by the symtable pass, to
set the text attribute on existing exceptions.
pythonrun.c:
Change parse_syntax_error() to continue of the offset attribute of a
SyntaxError is None. In this case, it sets offset to -1.
Move code from PyErr_PrintEx() into helper function
print_error_text(). In the helper, only print the caret for a
SyntaxError if offset > 0.
http://python.sourceforge.net/peps/pep-0235.html
Renamed check_case to case_ok. Substantial code rearrangement to get
this stuff in one place in the file. Innermost loop of find_module()
now much simpler and #ifdef-free, and I want to keep it that way (it's
bad enough that the innermost loop is itself still in an #ifdef!).
Windows semantics tested and are fine.
Jason, Cygwin *should* be fine if and only if what you did before "worked"
for case_ok.
Jack, the semantics on your flavor of Mac have definitely changed (see
the PEP), and need to be tested. The intent is that your flavor of Mac
now work the same as everything else in the "lower left" box, including
respecting PYTHONCASEOK.
Steven, sorry, you did the most work here so far but you got screwed the
worst. Happy to work with you on repairing it, but I don't understand
anything about all your Mac variants. We need to add another branch (or
two, three, ...?) inside case_ok. But we should not need to change
anything else.
XXX still need to integrate into symtable API
compile.h: Remove ff_n_simple_stmt; obsolete.
Add ff_found_docstring used internally to skip one and only
one string at the beginning of a module.
compile.c: Add check for from __future__ imports to far into the file.
In symtable_global() check for -1 returned from
symtable_lookup(), which signifies name not defined.
Add missing DECERF in symtable_add_def.
Free c->c_future.
future.c: Add special handling for multiple statements joined on a
single line using one or more semicolons; this form can
include an illegal future statement that would otherwise be
hard to detect.
Add support for detecting and skipping doc strings.
Makefile.pre.in: add target future.o
Include/compile.h: define PyFutureFeaters and PyNode_Future()
add c_future slot to struct compiling
Include/symtable.h: add st_future slot to struct symtable
Python/future.c: implementation of PyNode_Future()
Python/compile.c: use PyNode_Future() for nested_scopes support
Python/symtable.c: include compile.h to pick up PyFutureFeatures decl
compile.h: #define NESTED_SCOPES_DEFAULT 0 for Python 2.1
__future__ feature name: "nested_scopes"
symtable.h: Add st_nested_scopes slot. Define flags to track exec and
import star.
Lib/test/test_scope.py: requires nested scopes
compile.c: Fiddle with error messages.
Reverse the sense of ste_optimized flag on
PySymtableEntryObjects. If it is true, there is an optimization
conflict.
Modify get_ref_type to respect st_nested_scopes flags.
Refactor symtable_load_symbols() into several smaller functions,
which use struct symbol_info to share variables. In new function
symtable_update_flags(), raise an error or warning for import * or
bare exec that conflicts with nested scopes. Also, modify handle
for free variables to respect st_nested_scopes flag.
In symtable_init() assign st_nested_scopes flag to
NESTED_SCOPES_DEFAULT (defined in compile.h).
Add preliminary and often incorrect implementation of
symtable_check_future().
Add symtable_lookup() helper for future use.
Two different but related problems:
1. PySymtable_Free() must explicitly DECREF(st->st_cur), which should
always point to the global symtable entry. This entry is setup by the
first enter_scope() call, but there is never a corresponding
exit_scope() call.
Since each entry has a reference to scopes defined within it, the
missing DECREF caused all symtable entries to be leaked.
2. The leak here masked a separate problem with
PySymtableEntry_New(). When the requested entry was found in
st->st_symbols, the entry was returned without doing an INCREF.
And problem c) The ste_children slot was getting two copies of each
child entry, because it was populating the slot on the first and
second passes. Now only populate on the first pass.
save the __builtin__ module in a static variable. But this doesn't
work across Py_Finalise()/Py_Initialize()! It also doesn't work when
using multiple interpreter states created with PyInterpreterState_New().
So I'm ripping out this small optimization.
This was probably broken since PyImport_Import() was introduced in
1997! We really need a better test suite for multiple interpreter
states and repeatedly initializing.
This fixes the problems Barry reported in Demo/embed/loop.c.
the symbol table pass. These blocks were already ignored by the code
gen pass. Both passes must visit the same set of blocks in the same
order.
Fixes SF buf 132820
They're actually complaining about something more specific, an assignment
in a lambda as an actual argument, so that Python parses the
lambda as if it were a keyword argument. Like f(lambda x: x[0]=42).
The "lambda x: x[0]" part gets parsed as if it were a keyword, being
bound to 42, and the resulting error msg didn't make much sense.
_testcapimodule.c
make sure PyList_Reverse doesn't blow up again
getargs.c
assert args isn't NULL at the top of vgetargs1 instead of
waiting for a NULL-pointer dereference at the end
Bug was introduced by tricks played to make .pyc files executable
via cmdline arg. Then again, -x worked via a trick to begin with.
If anyone can think of a portable way to test -x, be my guest!
create an empty dictionary if it is called without keyword args. Just
pass NULL.
XXX I had believed that this caused weird errors, but the test suite
runs cleanly.
of nested functions. Either is allowed in a function if it contains
no defs or lambdas or the defs and lambdas it contains have no free
variables. If a function is itself nested and has free variables,
either is illegal.
Revise the symtable to use a PySymtableEntryObject, which holds all
the revelent information for a scope, rather than using a bunch of
st_cur_XXX pointers in the symtable struct. The changes simplify the
internal management of the current symtable scope and of the stack.
Added new C source file: Python/symtable.c. (Does the Windows build
process need to be updated?)
As part of these changes, the initial _symtable module interface
introduced in 2.1a2 is replaced. A dictionary of
PySymtableEntryObjects are returned.
hooks to take over the Python import machinery at a very early stage
in the Python startup phase.
If there are still places in the Python interpreter which need to
bypass the __import__ hook, these places must now use
PyImport_ImportModuleEx() instead. So far no other places than in
the import mechanism itself have been identified.
symtable.h, so that they can be used by external module.
Improve error handling in symtable_enter_scope(), which return an
error code that went unchecked by most callers. XXX The error handling
in symtable code is sloppy in general.
Modify symtable to record the line number that begins each scope.
This can help to identify which code block is being referred to when
multiple blocks are bound to the same name.
Add st_scopes dict that is used to preserve scope info when
PyNode_CompileSymtable() is called. Otherwise, this information is
tossed as soon as it is no longer needed.
Add Py_SymtableString() to pythonrun; analogous to Py_CompileString().
discussion on python-dev. 'from mod import *' is still banned except
at the module level.
Fix value for special NOOPT entry in symtable. Initialze to 0 instead
of None, so that later uses of PyInt_AS_LONG() are valid. (Bug
reported by Donn Cave.)
replace local REPR macros with PyObject_REPR in object.h
reference manual but not checked: Names bound by import statemants may
not occur in global statements in the same scope. The from ... import *
form may only occur in a module scope.
I guess these changes could break code, but the reference manual
warned about them.
Several other small changes
If a variable is declared global in the nearest enclosing scope of a
free variable, then treat it is a global in the nested scope too.
Get rid of com_mangle and symtable_mangle functions and call mangle
directly.
If errors occur during symtable table creation, return -1 from
symtable_build().
Do not increment st_errors in assignment to lambda, because exception
is not set.
Add extra argument to symtable_assign(); the argument, flag, is ORed
with DEF_LOCAL for each symtable_add_def() call.
This change eliminates an extra malloc/free when a frame with free
variables is created. Any cell vars or free vars are stored in
f_localsplus after the locals and before the stack.
eval_code2() fills in the appropriate values after handling
initialization of locals.
To track the size the frame has an f_size member that tracks the total
size of f_localsplus. It used to be implicitly f_nlocals + f_stacksize.
They're named as if public, so I did a Bad Thing by changing
PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromFile() to suck up the remainder of the file in one
gulp: anyone who counted on that leaving the file pointer merely at the
end of the next object would be screwed. So restored
PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromFile() to its earlier state, renamed the new greedy
code to PyMarshal_ReadLastObjectFromFile(), and changed Python internals to
call the latter instead.
SF patch http://sourceforge.net/patch/?func=detailpatch&patch_id=103453&group_id=5470
PyMember_Set of T_CHAR always raises exception.
Unfortunately, this is a use of a C API function that Python itself never makes, so
there's no .py test I can check in to verify this stays fixed. But the fault in the
code is obvious, and Dave Cole's patch just as obviously fixes it.
The majority of the changes are in the compiler. The mainloop changes
primarily to implement the new opcodes and to pass a function's
closure to eval_code2(). Frames and functions got new slots to hold
the closure.
Include/compile.h
Add co_freevars and co_cellvars slots to code objects.
Update PyCode_New() to take freevars and cellvars as arguments
Include/funcobject.h
Add func_closure slot to function objects.
Add GetClosure()/SetClosure() functions (and corresponding
macros) for getting at the closure.
Include/frameobject.h
PyFrame_New() now takes a closure.
Include/opcode.h
Add four new opcodes: MAKE_CLOSURE, LOAD_CLOSURE, LOAD_DEREF,
STORE_DEREF.
Remove comment about old requirement for opcodes to fit in 7
bits.
compile.c
Implement changes to code objects for co_freevars and co_cellvars.
Modify symbol table to use st_cur_name (string object for the name
of the current scope) and st_cur_children (list of nested blocks).
Also define st_nested, which might more properly be called
st_cur_nested. Add several DEF_XXX flags to track def-use
information for free variables.
New or modified functions of note:
com_make_closure(struct compiling *, PyCodeObject *)
Emit LOAD_CLOSURE opcodes as needed to pass cells for free
variables into nested scope.
com_addop_varname(struct compiling *, int, char *)
Emits opcodes for LOAD_DEREF and STORE_DEREF.
get_ref_type(struct compiling *, char *name)
Return NAME_CLOSURE if ref type is FREE or CELL
symtable_load_symbols(struct compiling *)
Decides what variables are cell or free based on def-use info.
Can now raise SyntaxError if nested scopes are mixed with
exec or from blah import *.
make_scope_info(PyObject *, PyObject *, int, int)
Helper functions for symtable scope stack.
symtable_update_free_vars(struct symtable *)
After a code block has been analyzed, it must check each of
its children for free variables that are not defined in the
block. If a variable is free in a child and not defined in
the parent, then it is defined by block the enclosing the
current one or it is a global. This does the right logic.
symtable_add_use() is now a macro for symtable_add_def()
symtable_assign(struct symtable *, node *)
Use goto instead of for (;;)
Fixed bug in symtable where name of keyword argument in function
call was treated as assignment in the scope of the call site. Ex:
def f():
g(a=2) # a was considered a local of f
ceval.c
eval_code2() now take one more argument, a closure.
Implement LOAD_CLOSURE, LOAD_DEREF, STORE_DEREF, MAKE_CLOSURE>
Also: When name error occurs for global variable, report that the
name was global in the error mesage.
Objects/frameobject.c
Initialize f_closure to be a tuple containing space for cellvars
and freevars. f_closure is NULL if neither are present.
Objects/funcobject.c
Add support for func_closure.
Python/import.c
Change the magic number.
Python/marshal.c
Track changes to code objects.
parameters that contained both anonymous tuples and *arg or **arg. Ex:
def f(a, (b, c), *d): pass
Fix the symtable_params() to generate names in the right order for
co_varnames slot of code object. Consider *arg and **arg before the
"complex" names introduced by anonymous tuples.
module__doc__: Document the Warning subclass heirarchy.
make_class(): Added a "goto finally" so that if populate_methods()
fails, the return status will be -1 (failure) instead of 0 (success).
fini_exceptions(): When decref'ing the static pointers to the
exception classes, clear out their dictionaries too. This breaks a
cycle from class->dict->method->class and allows the classes with
unbound methods to be reclaimed. This plugs a large memory leak in a
common Py_Initialize()/dosomething/Py_Finalize() loop.
pythonrun.c: In Py_Finalize, don't reset the initialized flag until after
the exit funcs have run.
atexit.py: in _run_exitfuncs, mutate the list of pending calls in a
threadsafe way. This wasn't a contributor to bug 128475, it just burned
my eyeballs when looking at that bug.
symbol table for each top-level compilation unit. The information in
the symbol table allows the elimination of the later optimize() pass;
the bytecode generation emits the correct opcodes.
The current version passes the complete regression test, but may still
contain some bugs. It's a fairly substantial revision. The current
code adds an assert() and a test that may lead to a Py_FatalError().
I expect to remove these before 2.1 beta 1.
The symbol table (struct symtable) is described in comments in the
code.
The changes affects the several com_XXX() functions that were used to
emit LOAD_NAME and its ilk. The primary interface for this bytecode
is now com_addop_varname() which takes a kind and a name, where kind
is one of VAR_LOAD, VAR_STORE, or VAR_DELETE.
There are many other smaller changes:
- The name mangling code is no longer contained in ifdefs. There are
two functions that expose the mangling logical: com_mangle() and
symtable_mangle().
- The com_error() function can accept NULL for its first argument;
this is useful with is_constant_false() is called during symbol
table generation.
- The loop index names used by list comprehensions have been changed
from __1__ to [1], so that they can not be accessed by Python code.
- in com_funcdef(), com_argdefs() is now called before the body of the
function is compiled. This provides consistency with com_lambdef()
and symtable_funcdef().
- Helpers do_pad(), dump(), and DUMP() are added to aid in debugging
the compiler.
except that it always returns Unicode objects.
A new C API PyObject_Unicode() is also provided.
This closes patch #101664.
Written by Marc-Andre Lemburg. Copyright assigned to Guido van Rossum.
- Use PyObject_RichCompare*() where possible: when comparing
keyword arguments, in _PyEval_SliceIndex(), and of course in
cmp_outcome().
Unrelated stuff:
- Removed all trailing whitespace.
- Folded some long lines.
message, and tries to make the messages more consistent and helpful when
the wrong number of arguments or duplicate keyword arguments are supplied.
Comes with more tests for test_extcall.py and and an update to an error
message in test/output/test_pyexpat.
re-initializing Python (Py_Finalize() followed by Py_Initialize()) to
blow up quickly. With the DECREF removed I can't get it to fail any
more. (Except it still leaks, but that's probably a separate issue.)
1) "from M import X" now works even if M is not a real module; it's
basically a getattr() operation with AttributeError exceptions
changed into ImportError.
2) "from M import *" now looks for M.__all__ to decide which names to
import; if M.__all__ doesn't exist, it uses M.__dict__.keys() but
filters out names starting with '_' as before. Whether or not
__all__ exists, there's no restriction on the type of M.
- Make error messages from issubclass() and isinstance() a bit more
descriptive (Ping, modified by Guido)
- Couple of tiny fixes to other docstrings (Ping)
- Get rid of trailing whitespace (Guido)
Cygwin Python DLL and Shared Extension Patch). Add module.dll as a
valid extension.
jlt63 writes: Note that his change essentially backs out the fix for
bug #115973. Should ".pyd" be retained instead for posterity?
an empty keywords dictionary (via apply() or the extended call syntax),
the keywords dict should be ignored. If the keywords dict is not empty,
TypeError should be raised. (Between the restructuring of the call
machinery and this patch, an empty dict in this situation would trigger
a SystemError via PyErr_BadInternalCall().)
Added regression tests to detect errors for this.
More revision still needed.
Much of the code that was in the mainloop was moved to a series of
helper functions. PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords was split into two
parts. The first part now only does argument handling. The second
part is now named call_object and delegates the call to a
call_(function,method,etc.) helper.
XXX The call_XXX helper functions should be replaced with tp_call
functions for the respective types.
The CALL_FUNCTION implementation contains three kinds of optimization:
1. fast_cfunction and fast_function are called when the arguments on
the stack can be passed directly to eval_code2() without copying
them into a tuple.
2. PyCFunction objects are dispatched immediately, because they are
presumed to occur more often than anything else.
3. Bound methods are dispatched inline. The method object contains a
pointer to the function object that will be called. The function
is called from within the mainloop, which may allow optimization #1
to be used, too.
The extened call implementation -- f(*args) and f(**kw) -- are
implemented as a separate case in the mainloop. This allows the
common case of normal function calls to execute without wasting time
on checks for extended calls, although it does introduce a small
amount of code duplication.
Also, the unused final argument of eval_code2() was removed. This is
probably the last trace of the access statement :-).
"..." in "from M import ..." was never DECREFed. Leak reported by
James Slaughter and nailed by Barry, who also provided an earlier
version of this patch.
the bug report (for details, look at it), but agree there's no need for Python
to declare atof itself: we #include stdlib.h, and ANSI C sez atof is declared
there already.
regardless of whether the system getopt() does what we want. This avoids the
hassle with prototypes and externs, and the check to see if the system
getopt() does what we want. Prefix optind, optarg and opterr with _PyOS_ to
avoid name clashes. Add new include file to define the right symbols. Fix
Demo/pyserv/pyserv.c to include getopt.h itself, instead of relying on
Python to provide it.
When a method is called with no regular arguments and * args, defer
the first arg is subclass check until after the * args have been
expanded.
N.B. The CALL_FUNCTION implementation is getting really hairy; should
review it to see if it can be simplified.
by making the DUP_TOPX code utterly straightforward. This also gets rid
of all normal-case internal DUP_TOPX if/branches, and allows replacing one
POP() with TOP() in each case, so is a good idea regardless.
Do not assume that all platforms using a MetroWorks compiler can use
POSIX threads; the assumption breaks on BeOS. This fix only helps
for BeOS.
This closes SourceForge patch #101772.
unintentionally caused them to get written in text mode under Windows.
As a result, when .pyc files were later read-- in binary mode --the
magic number was always wrong (note that .pyc magic numbers deliberately
include \r and \n characters, so this was "good" breakage, 100% across
all .pyc files, not random corruption in a subset). Fixed that.
Add definitions of INT_MAX and LONG_MAX to pyport.h.
Remove includes of limits.h and conditional definitions of INT_MAX
and LONG_MAX elsewhere.
This closes SourceForge patch #101659 and bug #115323.
Add three new convenience functions to the PyModule_*() family:
PyModule_AddObject(), PyModule_AddIntConstant(), PyModule_AddStringConstant().
This closes SourceForge patch #101233.
"s#" will now return a pointer to the default encoded string data
of the Unicode object instead of a pointer to the raw UTF-16
data.
The latter is still available via PyObject_AsReadBuffer().
The patch also adds an optimization for string objects which is
based on the fact that string objects return the raw character data
for getreadbuffer access and are always single-segment.
which implements the automatic conversion from Unicode to a string
object using the default encoding.
The new API is then put to use to have eval() and exec accept
Unicode objects as code parameter. This closes bugs #110924
and #113890.
As side-effect, the traditional C APIs PyString_Size() and
PyString_AsString() will also accept Unicode objects as
parameters.
When reading a short, sign-extend on platforms where shorts are
bigger than 16 bits.
When reading a long, repair the unportable sign extension that was
being done for 64-bit machines (it assumed that signed right shift
sign-extends).
I can't test this, so I'm just checking it in with blind faith in Andy.
I've tested that it doesn't broeak a non-Pth build on Linux.
Changes include:
- There's a --with-pth configure option.
- Instead of _GNU_PTH, we test for HAVE_PTH.
- Better signal handling.
- (The config.h.in file is regenerated in a slightly different order.)
can cause it to get called by multiple threads simultaneously.
Ditto for PyInterpreterState_Delete.
Of the former, the docs say "The interpreter lock need not be held, but may
be held if it is necessary to serialize calls to this function". This
kinda implies it both is and isn't thread-safe.
Of the latter, the docs merely say "The interpreter lock need not be
held.", and the clause about serializing is absent.
I expect it was *believed* these are both thread-safe, and the bit about
serializing via the global lock was meant as a permission rather than a
caution.
I also expect we've never seen a problem here because the Python core
(prior to the _PyPclose fix) only calls these functions once per run.
The Py_NewInterpreter subsystem exposed by the C API (but not used by
Python itself) also calls them, but that subsystem appears to be very
rarely used.
Whatever, they're both thread-safe now.
ceval.c:
define recurion_limit (static), default value is 2500
define Py_GetRecursionLimit and Py_SetRecursionLimit
raise RuntimeError if limit is exceeded
PC/config.h:
remove plat-specific definition
sysmodule.c:
add sys.(get|set)recursionlimit
how 'import' was called with a compiletime mechanism: create either a tuple
of the import arguments, or None (in the case of a normal import), add it to
the code-block constants, and load it onto the stack before calling
IMPORT_NAME.
PyRun_FileEx(). These are the same as their non-Ex counterparts but
have an extra argument, a flag telling them to close the file when
done.
Then this is used by Py_Main() and execfile() to close the file after
it is parsed but before it is executed.
Adding APIs seems strange given the feature freeze but it's the only
way I see to close the bug report without incompatible changes.
[ Bug #110616 ] source file stays open after parsing is done (PR#209)
(This fix is a bit broken, just as the test already was: the test for
testlist and listmaker are done always, whereas the test for exprlist and
the actual abort() are only done if Py_DEBUG is defined. Suggestions
welcome, I guess ;)
Add the EXTENDED_ARG opcode to the virtual machine, allowing 32-bit
arguments to opcodes instead of being forced to stick to the 16-bit
limit. This is especially useful for machine-generated code, which
can be too long for the SET_LINENO parameter to fit into 16 bits.
This closes the implementation portion of SourceForge patch #100893.
- Fix bug in thread_pthread.h::PyThread_get_thread_ident() where
sizeof(pthread) < sizeof(long).
- Add 'configure' for:
- SIZEOF_PTHREAD is pthread_t can be included via <pthread.h>
- setting Monterey system name
- appropriate CC,LINKCC,LDSHARED,OPT, and CCSHARED for Monterey
- Add section in README for Monterey build
eval_code2(): Implement new bytecodes PRINT_ITEM_TO and
PRINT_NEWLINE_TO, as per accepted SF patch #100970.
Also update graminit.c based on related Grammar/Grammar changes.
trying hard enough to find out what the arguments to an import were. There
is no test-case for this bug, yet, but this is what it looked like:
from encodings import cp1006, cp1026
ImportError: cannot import name cp1026
'__import__' was called with only the first name in the 'arguments' list.
load mod.submod as m, or mod as m ? Both can be achieved differently, and
unambiguously. Also attempt to document this restriction (editor
appreciated!)
Note that this is an artificial check during compile, because incorporating
this in the grammar is hard, and then adjusting the compiler to do the right
thing with the right nodes is harder.
scope. Previously, s_buffer[] was defined inside the
PyUnicode_Check() scope, but referred to in the outer scope via
assignment to s. This quiets an Insure portability warning.
name as n'. By doing some twists and turns, "as" is not a reserved word.
There is a slight change in semantics for 'from module import name' (it will
now honour the 'global' keyword) but only in cases that are explicitly
undocumented.
First, the allocated buffer was never freed after using it to create
the PyString object. Second, it was possible that have_filename would
be false (meaning that filename was not a PyString object), but that
the code would still try to PyString_GET_SIZE() it.
in binascii.c (only on platforms with signed chars -- although Py_CHARMASK
is documented as returning an int, it only does so on platforms with
signed chars).
returning a pointer to the start of the file's "base" name;
similar to os.path.basename().
SyntaxError__str__(): Use my_basename() to keep the length of the
file name included in the exception message short.
filename and lineno attributes, but do not mask the SyntaxError if we
fail.
This is part of what is needed to close SoruceForge bug #110628
(Jitterbug PR#278).
Wrap a long line to fit in under 80 columns.
filename and lineno attributes, but do not mask the SyntaxError if we
fail.
This is part of what is needed to close SoruceForge bug #110628
(Jitterbug PR#278).
than depending on the site that raises the exception. If the
filename and lineno attributes are set on the exception object,
use them to augment the message displayed.
This is part of what is needed to close SoruceForge bug #110628
(Jitterbug PR#278).
string literals has not been tested on an MS_WIN16 platform; the trailing
";" was inside the #ifndef MS_WIN16, which should cause an error (missing
semi-colon) when compiled with that symbol #defined.
did the same anyway.
I'm not sure what to do with Tools/compiler/compiler/* -- that isn't part of
distutils, is it ? Should it try to be compatible with old bytecode version ?
-32768..65535 is acceptable. Added B specifier (with values from
-128..255). No L added (which would have completed the set) because l
already accepts any value (and the letter L is taken for quadwords).
python-dev discussion.
This should catch future version incompatibilities on Windows. Alas,
this doesn't help for 1.5 vs. 1.6; but it will help for 1.6 vs. 2.0.
the Python Unicode implementation.
The internal buffer used for implementing the buffer protocol
is renamed to defenc to make this change visible. It now holds the
default encoded version of the Unicode object and is calculated
on demand (NULL otherwise).
Since the default encoding defaults to ASCII, this will mean that
Unicode objects which hold non-ASCII characters will no longer
work on C APIs using the "s" or "t" parser markers. C APIs must now
explicitly provide Unicode support via the "u", "U" or "es"/"es#"
parser markers in order to work with non-ASCII Unicode strings.
(Note: this patch will also have to be applied to the 1.6 branch
of the CVS tree.)
accepted by the BDFL.
builtin_zip(): New function to implement the zip() function described
in the above proposal.
zip_doc[]: Docstring for zip().
builtin_methods[]: added entry for zip()
for systems that are missing those declarations from system include files.
Start by moving a pointy-haired ones from their previous locations to the
new section.
(The gethostname() one, for instance, breaks on several systems, because
some define it as (char *, size_t) and some as (char *, int).)
I purposely decided not to include the summary of used #defines like Tim did
in the first section of pyport.h. In my opinion, the number of #defines
likedly to be used by this section would make such an overview unwieldy. I
would suggest documenting the non-obvious ones, though.
good C practice hasn't been available to everything all along.
Added Py_SAFE_DOWNCAST(VALUE, WIDE, NARROW) macro to pyport.h; this
just casts VALUE from type WIDE to type NARROW, but assert-fails if
Py_DEBUG is defined and info is lost due to casting.
Replaced a line in Fredrik's fix to marshal.c to use the new macro.
MAGIC number. When updating it next time, be sure it's higher than 50715 *
constants. (Shouldn't be a problem if everyone keeps to the proper
algorithm.)
comments, docstrings or error messages. I fixed two minor things in
test_winreg.py ("didn't" -> "Didn't" and "Didnt" -> "Didn't").
There is a minor style issue involved: Guido seems to have preferred English
grammar (behaviour, honour) in a couple places. This patch changes that to
American, which is the more prominent style in the source. I prefer English
myself, so if English is preferred, I'd be happy to supply a patch myself ;)
used for indentation related errors. This patch includes Ping's
improvements for indentation-related error messages.
Closes SourceForge patches #100734 and #100856.
This adds support for instance to the constructor (instances
have to define __str__ and can return Unicode objects via that
hook; string return values are decoded into Unicode using the
current default encoding).
The common technique for printing out a pointer has been to cast to a long
and use the "%lx" printf modifier. This is incorrect on Win64 where casting
to a long truncates the pointer. The "%p" formatter should be used instead.
The problem as stated by Tim:
> Unfortunately, the C committee refused to define what %p conversion "looks
> like" -- they explicitly allowed it to be implementation-defined. Older
> versions of Microsoft C even stuck a colon in the middle of the address (in
> the days of segment+offset addressing)!
The result is that the hex value of a pointer will maybe/maybe not have a 0x
prepended to it.
Notes on the patch:
There are two main classes of changes:
- in the various repr() functions that print out pointers
- debugging printf's in the various thread_*.h files (these are why the
patch is large)
Closes SourceForge patch #100505.
This patch fixes possible overflow in the use of
PyOS_GetLastModificationTime in getmtime.c and Python/import.c.
Currently PyOS_GetLastModificationTime returns a C long. This can
overflow on Win64 where sizeof(time_t) > sizeof(long). Besides it
should logically return a time_t anyway (this patch changes this).
As well, import.c uses PyOS_GetLastModificationTime for .pyc
timestamping. There has been recent discussion about the .pyc header
format on python-dev. This patch adds oveflow checking to import.c so
that an exception will be raised if the modification time
overflows. There are a few other minor 64-bit readiness changes made
to the module as well:
- size_t instead of int or long for function-local buffer and string
length variables
- one buffer overflow check was added (raises an exception on possible
overflow, this overflow chance exists on 32-bit platforms as well), no
other possible buffer overflows existed (from my analysis anyway)
Closes SourceForge patch #100509.
The common technique for printing out a pointer has been to cast to a long
and use the "%lx" printf modifier. This is incorrect on Win64 where casting
to a long truncates the pointer. The "%p" formatter should be used instead.
The problem as stated by Tim:
> Unfortunately, the C committee refused to define what %p conversion "looks
> like" -- they explicitly allowed it to be implementation-defined. Older
> versions of Microsoft C even stuck a colon in the middle of the address (in
> the days of segment+offset addressing)!
The result is that the hex value of a pointer will maybe/maybe not have a 0x
prepended to it.
Notes on the patch:
There are two main classes of changes:
- in the various repr() functions that print out pointers
- debugging printf's in the various thread_*.h files (these are why the
patch is large)
Closes SourceForge patch #100505.
This patch fixes a problem on AIX with the signed int case code in
getargs.c, after Trent Mick's intervention about MIN/MAX overflow
checks. The AIX compiler/optimizer generates bogus code with the
default flags "-g -O" causing test_builtin to fail: int("10", 16) <>
16L. Swapping the two checks in the signed int code makes the problem
go away.
Also, make the error messages fit in 80 char lines in the
source.
The depth field was never decremented inside w_object(), and it was
never initialized in PyMarshal_WriteObjectToFile().
This caused imports from .pyc files to fil mysteriously when the .pyc
file was written by the broken code -- w_object() would bail out
early, but PyMarshal_WriteObjectToFile() doesn't check the error or
return an error code, and apparently the marshalling code doesn't call
PyErr_Check() either. (That's a separate patch if I feel like it.)
Various small fixes to the builtin module to ensure no buffer
overflows.
- chunk #1:
Proper casting to ensure no truncation, and hence no surprises, in the
comparison.
- chunk #2:
The id() function guarantees a unique return value for different
objects. It does this by returning the pointer to the object. By
returning a PyInt, on Win64 (sizeof(long) < sizeof(void*)) the pointer
is truncated and the guarantee may be proven false. The appropriate
return function is PyLong_FromVoidPtr, this returns a PyLong if that
is necessary to return the pointer without truncation.
[GvR: note that this means that id() can now return a long on Win32
platforms. This *might* break some code...]
- chunk #3:
Ensure no overflow in raw_input(). Granted the user would have to pass
in >2GB of data but it *is* a possible buffer overflow condition.
As I really do not have anything better to do at the moment, I have written
a patch to Python/marshal.c that prevents Python dumping core when trying
to marshal stack bustingly deep (or recursive) data structure.
It just throws an exception; even slightly clever handling of recursive
data is what pickle is for...
[Fred Drake:] Moved magic constant 5000 to a #define.
This closes SourceForge patch #100645.
the number of children of a node exceeds the max possible value for
the short that is used to count them. The Python runtime converts
this parser error into the SyntaxError "expression too long."
module and into _exceptions.c. This includes all the PyExc_* globals,
the bltin_exc table, init_class_exc(), fini_instances(),
finierrors().
Renamed _PyBuiltin_Init_1() to _PyBuiltin_Init() since the two phase
initializations are necessary any more.
Removed as obsolete _PyBuiltin_Init_2(), _PyBuiltin_Fini_1() and
_PyBuiltin_Fini_2().
need two phase init or fini of the builtin module. Change the call of
_PyBuiltin_Init_1() to _PyBuiltin_Init(). Add a call to
init_exceptions().
Py_Finalize(): Don't call _PyBuiltin_Fini_1(). Instead call
fini_exceptions() but move this to before the thread state is
cleared.
Limit the 'b' formatter of PyArg_ParseTuple to valid values of an unsigned
char, i.e. [0,UCHAR_MAX]. It is expected that this is the common usage of 'b'.
An OverflowError is raised if the parsed value is outside this range.
Changes the 'b', 'h', and 'i' formatters in PyArg_ParseTuple to raise an
Overflow exception if they overflow (previously they just silently
overflowed).
Changes by Guido: always accept values [0..255] (in addition to
[CHAR_MIN..CHAR_MAX]) for 'b' format; changed some spaces into tabs in
other code.
who wrote:
Here's the new version of thread_nt.h. More particular, there is a
new version of thread lock that uses kernel object (e.g. semaphore)
only in case of contention; in other case it simply uses interlocked
functions, which are faster by the order of magnitude. It doesn't
make much difference without threads present, but as soon as thread
machinery initialised and (mostly) the interpreter global lock is on,
difference becomes tremendous. I've included a small script, which
initialises threads and launches pystone. With original thread_nt.h,
Pystone results with initialised threads are twofold worse then w/o
threads. With the new version, only 10% worse. I have used this
patch for about 6 months (with threaded and non-threaded
applications). It works remarkably well (though I'd desperately
prefer Python was free-threaded; I hope, it will soon).
For more comments, read the patches@python.org archives.
For documentation read the comments in mymalloc.h and objimpl.h.
(This is not exactly what Vladimir posted to the patches list; I've
made a few changes, and Vladimir sent me a fix in private email for a
problem that only occurs in debug mode. I'm also holding back on his
change to main.c, which seems unnecessary to me.)
- When 'import exceptions' fails, don't suggest to use -v to print the traceback;
this doesn't actually work.
- Remove comment about fallback to string exceptions.
- Remove a PyErr_Occurred() check after all is said and done that can
never trigger.
- Remove static function newstdexception() which is no longer called.
Added 'u' and 'u#' tags for PyArg_ParseTuple - these turn a
PyUnicodeObject argument into a Py_UNICODE * buffer, or a Py_UNICODE *
buffer plus a length with the '#'. Also added an analog to 'U'
for Py_BuildValue.
return 0 (exceptions don't match). This means that if an ImportError
is raised because exceptions.py can't be imported, the interpreter
will exit "cleanly" with an error message instead of just core
dumping.
PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilename(), PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilename():
Don't test on Py_UseClassExceptionsFlag.
are no longer supported (i.e. -X option is removed).
_PyBuiltin_Init_1(): Don't call initerrors(). This does mean that it
is possible to raise an ImportError before that exception has been
initialized, say because exceptions.py can't be found, or contains
bogosity. See changes to errors.c for how this is handled.
_PyBuiltin_Init_2(): Don't test Py_UseClassExceptionsFlag, just go
ahead and initialize the class-based standard exceptions. If this
fails, we throw a Py_FatalError.
Changed all references to the MAGIC constant to use a global
pyc_magic instead. This global is initially set to MAGIC, but can be
changed by the _PyImport_Init() function to provide for
special features implemented in the compiler which are settable
using command line switches and affect the way PYC files are
generated.
Currently this change is only done for the -U flag.
Support for the new -U command line option option:
with the option enabled the Python compiler
interprets all "..." strings as u"..." (same with r"..." and
ur"...").
Follow a suggestion in an /*XXX*/ comment [in com_add()] to speed up
compilation by using supplemental dictionaries to keep track of names
and constants, eliminating quadratic behavior. With this patch in
place, the time to import a 5000-line file with lots of constants [at
the global level] is reduced from 20 seconds to under 3 on my system.
Here's a patch which changes modsupport to add 'u' and 'u#',
to support building Unicode objects from a null-terminated
Py_UNICODE *, and a Py_UNICODE * with length, respectively.
[Conversion from 'U' to 'u' by Fred, based on python-dev comments.]
Note that the use of None for NULL values of the Py_UNICODE* value is
still in; I'm not sure of the conclusion on that issue.
remaining object references if the environment variable PYTHONDUMPREFS
exists. The default behaviour caused problems for background or
otherwise invisible processes that use the debug build of Python.
Fixed a memory leak found by Fredrik Lundh. Instead of
PyUnicode_AsUTF8String() we now use _PyUnicode_AsUTF8String() which
returns the string object without incremented refcount (and assures
that the so obtained object remains alive until the Unicode object is
garbage collected).
"""
Running "test_extcall" repeatedly results in memory leaks.
One of these can't be fixed (at least not easily!), it happens since
this code:
def saboteur(**kw):
kw['x'] = locals()
d = {}
saboteur(a=1, **d)
creates a circular reference - d['x']['d']==d
The others are due to some missing decrefs in ceval.c, fixed by the
patch attached below.
Note: I originally wrote this without the "goto", just adding the
missing decref's where needed. But I think the goto is justified in
keeping the executable code size of ceval as small as possible.
"""
[I think the circular reference is more like kw['x']['kw'] == kw. --GvR]
Added special case to unicode(): when being passed a
Unicode object as first argument, return the object as-is.
Raises an exception when given a Unicode object *and* an
encoding name.
comparing code objects. This give sless surprising results in
-Optimized code. It also sorts code objects by name, now.
[I changed the patch to hash() slightly to touch fewer lines.]
his copy of test_contains.py seems to be broken -- the lines he
deleted were already absent). Checkin messages:
New Unicode support for int(), float(), complex() and long().
- new APIs PyInt_FromUnicode() and PyLong_FromUnicode()
- added support for Unicode to PyFloat_FromString()
- new encoding API PyUnicode_EncodeDecimal() which converts
Unicode to a decimal char* string (used in the above new
APIs)
- shortcuts for calls like int(<int object>) and float(<float obj>)
- tests for all of the above
Unicode compares and contains checks:
- comparing Unicode and non-string types now works; TypeErrors
are masked, all other errors such as ValueError during
Unicode coercion are passed through (note that PyUnicode_Compare
does not implement the masking -- PyObject_Compare does this)
- contains now works for non-string types too; TypeErrors are
masked and 0 returned; all other errors are passed through
Better testing support for the standard codecs.
Misc minor enhancements, such as an alias dbcs for the mbcs codec.
Changes:
- PyLong_FromString() now applies the same error checks as
does PyInt_FromString(): trailing garbage is reported
as error and not longer silently ignored. The only characters
which may be trailing the digits are 'L' and 'l' -- these
are still silently ignored.
- string.ato?() now directly interface to int(), long() and
float(). The error strings are now a little different, but
the type still remains the same. These functions are now
ready to get declared obsolete ;-)
- PyNumber_Int() now also does a check for embedded NULL chars
in the input string; PyNumber_Long() already did this (and
still does)
Followed by:
Looks like I've gone a step too far there... (and test_contains.py
seem to have a bug too).
I've changed back to reporting all errors in PyUnicode_Contains()
and added a few more test cases to test_contains.py (plus corrected
the join() NameError).
If a non-tuple sequence is passed as the *arg, convert it to a tuple
before checking its length.
If named keyword arguments are used in combination with **kwargs, make
a copy of kwargs before inserting the new keys.
the return value of PySequence_Length(). If an exception occurred,
the returned length will be -1. Make sure this doesn't get obscurred,
and that the bogus length isn't used.
executive summary:
Instead of typing 'apply(f, args, kwargs)' you can type 'f(*arg, **kwargs)'.
Some file-by-file details follow.
Grammar/Grammar:
simplify varargslist, replacing '*' '*' with '**'
add * & ** options to arglist
Include/opcode.h & Lib/dis.py:
define three new opcodes
CALL_FUNCTION_VAR
CALL_FUNCTION_KW
CALL_FUNCTION_VAR_KW
Python/ceval.c:
extend TypeError "keyword parameter redefined" message to include
the name of the offending keyword
reindent CALL_FUNCTION using four spaces
add handling of sequences and dictionaries using extend calls
fix function import_from to use PyErr_Format
The attached patch set includes a workaround to get Python with
Unicode compile on BSDI 4.x (courtesy Thomas Wouters; the cause
is a bug in the BSDI wchar.h header file) and Python interfaces
for the MBCS codec donated by Mark Hammond.
Also included are some minor corrections w/r to the docs of
the new "es" and "es#" parser markers (use PyMem_Free() instead
of free(); thanks to Mark Hammond for finding these).
The unicodedata tests are now in a separate file
(test_unicodedata.py) to avoid problems if the module cannot
be found.
Attached you find the latest update of the Unicode implementation.
The patch is against the current CVS version.
It includes the fix I posted yesterday for the core dump problem
in codecs.c (was introduced by my previous patch set -- sorry),
adds more tests for the codecs and two new parser markers
"es" and "es#".
Andy Robinson noted a core dump in the codecs.c file. This
was introduced by my latest patch which fixed a memory leak
in codecs.c. The bug causes all successful codec lookups to fail.
Attached you find an update of the Unicode implementation.
The patch is against the current CVS version. I would appreciate
if someone with CVS checkin permissions could check the changes
in.
The patch contains all bugs and patches sent this week and also
fixes a leak in the codecs code and a bug in the free list code
for Unicode objects (which only shows up when compiling Python
with Py_DEBUG; thanks to MarkH for spotting this one).
Added wrapping macros to dictobject.c, listobject.c, tupleobject.c,
frameobject.c, traceback.c that safely prevends core dumps
on stack overflow. Macros and functions in object.c, object.h.
The method is an "elevator destructor" that turns cascading
deletes into tail recursive behavior when some limit is hit.
* Changes to a recent patch by Chris Tismer to errors.c. Chris' patch
always used FormatMessage() to get the error message passing the error code
from errno - but errno and FormatMessage use a different numbering scheme.
The main reason the patch looked OK was that ENOFILE==ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND -
but that is about the only shared error code :-). The MS CRT docs tell you
to use _sys_errlist()/_sys_nerr. My patch does also this, and adds a very
similar function specifically for win32 error codes.
PR#175 -- when exec is passed a code object, it didn't sync the locals
from the dictionary back into their fast representation.
Also took the time to remove some repetitive code there and to do the
syncing even when an exception is raised (since a partial effect
should still be synced).
* in import.c, #ifdef out references to dynamic loading based on
HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING
* clean out the platform-specific crud from importdl.c.
[ maybe fold this function into import.c and drop the importdl.c file? Greg.]
* change GetDynLoadFunc's "funcname" parameter to "shortname". change
"name" to "fqname" for clarification.
* each GetDynLoadFunc now creates its own funcname value.
WARNING: as I mentioned previously, we may run into an issue with a
missing "_" on some platforms. Testing will show this pretty quickly,
however.
* move pathname munging into dynload_shlib.c
Here's a patch that avoids a warning caused by the "const char* pathname"
declaration for _PyImport_GetDynLoadFunc (in dynload_aix). The "aix_load"
function's 1st arg is prototyped as "char *pathname".
file per platform (really: per style of Dl API; e.g. all platforms
using dlopen() are grouped together in dynload_shlib.c.).
This is part of a set of patches by Greg Stein.
Duzan, for AIX, to support C++ objects with static initializers, when
using the genuine IBM C++ compiler (namely xlC/xlC_r).
See accompanying patches to configure.in and acconfig.h.
not as descriptive as what Barry suggests, but this also catches the
(in my opinion important) case where some other C code besides apply()
constructs a kwdict that doesn't have the right format. All the other
possibilities of getting it wrong (non-dict, wrong keywords etc) are
already caught so this makes sense to check here.
For a long time I've seen absurd tracebacks under -O (e.g., negative
line numbers), but very rarely. Since I was looking at tracebacks
anyway, thought I'd track it down. Turns out to be Guido's only
predictable blind spot <wink -- "char" is signed on some non-GvR
systems>. Patch follows.
tracefunc (or profilefunc -- we're not sure which), zap the global
trace and profile funcs so that we can't get into recursive loop when
instantiating the resulting class based exception.
"""
Following up Robin Dunn's troubles with freeze, here's a patch that
fixes an oddity regarding the import logic of shared modules on AIX.
Symbol resolution of shared modules is now handled properly for the cases
when the python library is linked to a binary with an arbitrary name.
This includes the standard python[version] executable, but also applications
that are embedding the python core (i.e. linked with libpython[version].a,
the latter being static or shared).
"""
Introduce a new builtin exception, UnboundLocalError, raised when ceval.c
tries to retrieve or delete a local name that isn't bound to a value.
Currently raises NameError, which makes this behavior a FAQ since the same
error is raised for "missing" global names too: when the user has a global
of the same name as the unbound local, NameError makes no sense to them.
Even in the absence of shadowing, knowing whether a bogus name is local or
global is a real aid to quick understanding.
Example:
D:\src\PCbuild>type local.py
x = 42
def f():
print x
x = 13
return x
f()
D:\src\PCbuild>python local.py
Traceback (innermost last):
File "local.py", line 8, in ?
f()
File "local.py", line 4, in f
print x
UnboundLocalError: x
D:\src\PCbuild>
Note that UnboundLocalError is a subclass of NameError, for compatibility
with existing class-exception code that may be trying to catch this as a
NameError. Unfortunately, I see no way to make this wholly compatible
with -X (see comments in bltinmodule.c): under -X, [UnboundLocalError
is an alias for NameError --GvR].
[The ceval.c patch differs slightly from the second version that Tim
submitted; I decided not to raise UnboundLocalError for DELETE_NAME,
only for DELETE_LOCAL. DELETE_NAME is only generated at the module
level, and since at that level a NameError is raised for referencing
an undefined name, it should also be raised for deleting one.]
We occasionally received reports from people getting "invalid tstate"
crashes (this is a fatal error in PyThreadState_Delete()). Finally
several people were able to reproduce it reliably and Tim Peters
discovered that there is a race condition when multiple threads are
calling this function without holding the global interpreter lock (the
function may be called without holding that).
Solved the race condition by adding a lock around the mutating uses of
interp->tstate_head. Tim and Jonathan Giddy have run tests that make
it likely that this fixes the crashes -- although Tim hasn't heard
from the person who reported the original problem.
ExtensionClasses in isinstance() and issubclass().
- abstract instance and class protocols are used *only* in those
cases that would generate errors before the patch. That is, there's
no penalty for the normal case.
- instance protocol: an object smells like an instance if it
has a __class__ attribute that smells like a class.
- class protocol: an object smells like a class if it has a
__bases__ attribute that is a tuple with elements that
smell like classes (although not all elements may actually get
sniffed ;).
man pages suggest that the proper thing to do is to add THR_NEW_LWP to
the flags on thr_create(), and that there really isn't a downside, so
I'll do that.
"""
Spec says that on success pthread_create returns 0. It does not say
that an error code will be < 0. Linux glibc2 pthread_create() returns
ENOMEM (12) when one exceed process limits. (It looks like it should
return EAGAIN, but that's another story.)
For reference, see:
http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/7908799/xsh/pthread_create.html
"""
[I have a feeling that similar bugs were fixed before; perhaps someone
could check that all error checks no check for != 0?]
xrange(), especially for platforms where int and long are different
sizes (so sys.maxint isn't actually the theoretical limit for the
length of a list, but the largest C int is -- sys.maxint is the
largest Python int, which is actually a C long).
test for classes with a __complex__() method. The attribute is pulled
out of the instance with PyObject_GetAttr() but this transfers
ownership and the function object was never DECREF'd.
v temporary variable was never decref'd. Test this by starting up the
interpreter, hitting C-c, then immediately exiting.
Same potential leak can occur if error is E_NOMEM, since the return is
done in the case block. Added Py_XDECREF(v); to both blocks, just
before the return.
think we have our own DOS box (i.e. we're not started from a command
line shell), we print a message and wait for the user to hit a key
before the DOS box is closed.
The hacky heuristic for determining whether we have our *own* DOS box
(due to Mark Hammond) is to test whether we're on line zero...
The following patches (relative to 1.5.2b1) enable Python dynamic
loading to work on NetBSD platforms that use ELF (presnetly mips and
alpha systems). They automaticly determine wether the system is ELF or
a.out rather than using astatic list of platforms so that when other
NetBSD platforms move to ELF, python will continue to work without
change.
In other words, hex(sys.hexversion) == 0x010502b2 for Python 1.5.2b2.
This is derived from the new variable PY_VERSION_HEX defined in patchlevel.h.
(Cute, eh?)
Also (non-BSDI specific):
- Change the CHECK_STATUS() macro so it tests for nonzero error codes
instead of negative error codes only (this was needed for BSDI, but
appears to be correct according to the PTHREADS spec).
- use memset() to zero out the allocated lock structure. Again, this
was needed for BSDI, but can't hurt elsewhere either.
initialization of class exceptions. Specifically:
init_class_exc(): This function now returns an integer status of the
class exception initialization. No fatal errors in this method now.
Also, use PySys_WriteStderr() when writing error messages. When an
error occurs in this function, 0 is returned, but the partial creation
of the exception classes is not undone (this happens elsewhere).
Things that could trigger the fallback:
- exceptions.py fails to be imported (due to syntax error, etc.)
- one of the exception classes is missing (e.g. due to library
version mismatch)
- exception class can't be inserted into __builtin__'s dictionary
- MemoryError instance can't be pre-allocated
- some other PyErr_Occurred
newstdexception(): Changed the error message. This is still a fatal
error because if the string based exceptions can't be created, we
really can't continue.
initerrors(): Be sure to xdecref the .exc field, which might be
non-NULL if class exceptions init was aborted.
_PyBuiltin_Init_2(): If class exception init fails, print a warning
message and reinstate the string based exceptions.
that file in fact did not exist or at least was not used. Change this
so that __file__ is *only* set to the .pyc/.pyo file when it actually
read the code object from it; otherwise __file__ is set to the .py
file.
happen when you use a non-keyword argument after a keyword argument,
and in this case you also get a syntax error. I fully suspect that
the underflow is caused by the code that stops generating code when it
detects the syntax error, but I can't find the culprit right now. I
know, I know.)
The MS compiler doesn't call it 'long long', it uses __int64,
so a new #define, LONG_LONG, has been added and all occurrences
of 'long long' are replaced with it.
This is a patch that Bill Bummgarner did for 1.4 that hasn't made its
way into the distribution yet. This is important if you want to use
the ObjC module.
frozen packages. (I *think* this means that we can now have a
built-in module bar that's a submodule of a frozen package foo, by
registering the built-in module with a name "foo.bar" in the table of
builtin modules.)
an exception from errno, with a supplied filename (primarily used by
IOError and OSError). If class exceptions are used then the exception
is instantiated with a 3-tuple: (errno, strerror, filename). For
backwards compatibility reasons, if string exceptions are used,
filename is ignored.
PyErr_SetFromErrno(): Implement in terms of
PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilename().
OSError. The EnvironmentError serves primarily as the (common
implementation) base class for IOError and OSError. OSError is used
by posixmodule.c
Also added tuple definition of EnvironmentError when using string
based exceptions.
(1) If a sequence S is shorter than len(S) indicated, don't fail --
just use the shorter size. (I.e, len(S) is just a hint.)
(2) Implement the special case map(None, S) as list(S) -- it's faster.
must be enabled here, otherwise the errno we set on overflows is not
the errno that's being read by compile.c. Wonder how many other files
that do their own "#include config.h" need this too :-(
(Because of the structure of autoconf, it's not so simple to get this
into config.h...)
the filename contains at least a rudimentary pathname.
(The bad part is that we need to call getcwd() because only a prefix
of ".\\" is not enough -- we prefix the drive letter.)
and lists; if the size is negative, raise an exception. Also raise an
exception when an undefined type is found -- all this to increase the
chance that garbage input causes an exception instead of a core dump.
swapped arguments].
Also make sure that no use of a function pointer gotten from a
tp_as_sequence or tp_as_mapping structure is made without checking it
for NULL first.
the code here becomes much simpler. In particular: abs(), divmod(),
pow(), int(), long(), float(), len(), tuple(), list().
Also make sure that no use of a function pointer gotten from a
tp_as_sequence or tp_as_mapping structure is made without checking it
for NULL first.
A few other cosmetic things, such as properly reindenting slice().
old value in a temporary and XDECREF it only after then new value has
been set. This prevents the (unlikely) case where the destructor of
the member uses the containing object -- it would find it in an
undefined state.
because the path through the code would notice that sys.__path__ did
not exist and it would fall back to the default path (builtins +
sys.path) instead of failing). No longer.
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 1995 12:18:20 -0400
From: Alan Morse <alan@dvcorp.com>
To: python-list@cwi.nl
Subject: getargs bug in 1.2 and 1.3 BETA
We have found a bug in the part of the getargs code that we added
and submitted, and which was incorporated into 1.1.
The parsing of "O?" format specifiers is not handled correctly;
there is no "else" for the "if" and therefore it can never fail.
What's worse, the advancing of the varargs pointer is not
handled properly, so from then on it is out of sync, wreaking
all sorts of havoc. (If it had failed properly, then the out-of-sync
varargs would not have been an issue.)
Below is the context diff for the change.
Note that I have made a few stylistic changes beyond adding the
else case, namely:
1) Making the "O" case follow the convention established by the other
format specifiers of getting all their vararg arguments before
performing the test, rather than getting some before and some after
the test passes.
2) Making the logic of the tests parallel, so the "if" part indicates
that the format is accepted and the "else" part indicates that the
format has failed. They were inconsistent with each other and with the
the other format specifiers.
-Alan Morse (amorse@dvcorp.com)
to the table of built-in modules. This should normally be called
*before* Py_Initialize(). When the malloc() or realloc() call fails,
-1 is returned and the existing table is unchanged.
After a similar function by Just van Rossum.
int PyImport_ExtendInittab(struct _inittab *newtab);
int PyImport_AppendInittab(char *name, void (*initfunc)());
Adapted from code submitted by Just van Rossum.
PySys_WriteStdout(format, ...)
PySys_WriteStderr(format, ...)
The first function writes to sys.stdout; the second to sys.stderr. When
there is a problem, they write to the real (C level) stdout or stderr;
no exceptions are raised (but a pending exception may be cleared when a
new exception is caught).
Both take a printf-style format string as their first argument followed
by a variable length argument list determined by the format string.
*** WARNING ***
The format should limit the total size of the formatted output string to
1000 bytes. In particular, this means that no unrestricted "%s" formats
should occur; these should be limited using "%.<N>s where <N> is a
decimal number calculated so that <N> plus the maximum size of other
formatted text does not exceed 1000 bytes. Also watch out for "%f",
which can print hundreds of digits for very large numbers.
PyThreadState_GetDict() returns a dictionary that can be used to hold such
state; the caller should pick a unique key and store its state there. If
PyThreadState_GetDict() returns NULL, an exception has been raised (most
likely MemoryError) and the caller should pass on the exception. */
PyObject *
PyThreadState_GetDict()
Frozen packages are indicated by a negative size (the code string
is the __import__.py file). A frozen package module has its __path__
set to a string, the package name.
time can be in PyImport_ImportModuleEx(). Recursive calls from the
same thread are okay.
Potential problems:
- The lock should really be part of the interpreter state rather than
global, but that would require modifying more files, and I first want
to figure out whether this works at all.
- One could argue that the lock should be per module -- however that
would be complicated to implement. We would have to have a linked
list of locks per module name, *or* invent a new object type to
represent a lock, so we can store the locks in the module or in a
separate dictionary. Both seem unwarranted. The one situation where
this can cause problems is when loading a module takes a long time,
e.g. when the module's initialization code interacts with the user --
during that time, no other threads can run. I say, "too bad."
(modified) and use that.
Some differences in the cleanup algorithm:
- Clear __main__ before the other modules.
- Delete more sys variables: including ps1, ps2, exitfunc, argv, and
even path -- this will prevent new imports!
- Restore stdin, stdout, stderr from __stdin__, __stdout__,
__stderr__, effectively deleting hooks that the user might have
installed -- so their (the hooks') destructors will run.
This is an option for OS-es with case-insensitive but case-preserving
filesystems. It is currently supported for Win32 and MacOS. To
enable it, #define CHECK_IMPORT_CASE in your platform specific
config.h. It is enabled by default on those systems where it is
supported. On Win32, it can be disabled at runtime by setting the
environment variable PYTHONCASEOK (to any value).
When enabled, the feature checks that the case of the requested module
name matches that of the filename found in the filesystem, and raises
a NameError exception when they don't match.
pass it the true file. This is used to set __file__ properly, instead
of believing what the code object carries with it. (If the pointer
is NULL, the code object's co_filename is still used.)
- Add Py_FrozenFlag, intended to suppress error messages fron
getpath.c in frozen binaries.
- Add Py_GetPythonHome() and Py_SetPythonHome(), intended to allow
embedders to force a different PYTHONHOME.
- Add new interface PyErr_PrintEx(flag); same as PyErr_Print() but
flag determines whether sys.last_* are set or not. PyErr_Print()
now simply calls PyErr_PrintEx(1).
(1) Explicitly clear __builtin__._ and sys.{last,exc}_* before
clearing anything else. These are common places where user values
hide and people complain when their destructors fail. Since the
modules containing them are deleted *last* of all, they would come too
late in the normal destruction order. Sigh.
(2) Add some debugging aid to cleanup (after a suggestion by Marc
Lemburg) -- print the names of the modules being cleaned, and (when
-vv is used) print the names of the variables being cleared.
now implement the following finalization strategy.
1. Whenever this code deletes a module, its directory is cleared
carefully, as follows:
- set all names to None that begin with exactly one underscore
- set all names to None that don't begin with two underscores
- clear the directory
2. Modules are deleted in the following order:
- modules with a reference count of 1, except __builtin__ or __sys__
- repeat until no more are found with a reference count of 1
- __main__ if it's still there
- all remaining modules except __builtin__ or sys
- sys
_ __builtin__
This is a bit of a hack: when the shared library is loaded, the module
name is "package.module", but the module calls Py_InitModule*() with just
"module" for the name. The shared library loader squirrels away the true
name of the module in _Py_PackageContext, and Py_InitModule*() will
substitute this (if the name actually matches).
1) The __builtins__ variable in the __main__ module is set to the
__builtin__ module instead of its __dict__.
2) Get rid of the SIGHUP and SIGTERM handlers. They can't be made to
work reliably when threads may be in use, they are Unix specific, and
Python programmers can now program this functionality is a safer way
using the signal module.
Setting interp->builtins to the __builtin__ module instead of to its
dictionary had the unfortunate side effect of always running in
restricted execution mode :-(
I will check in a different way of setting __main__.__builtins__ to
the __builtin__ module later.
Also, there was a typo -- a comment was unfinished, and as a result
some finalizations were not being executed.
In Bart Simpson style,
I Will Not Check In Untested Changes.
I Will Not Check In Untested Changes.
I Will Not Check In Untested Changes.
I Will Not Check In Untested Changes.
I Will Not Check In Untested Changes.
I Will Not Check In Untested Changes.
I Will Not Check In Untested Changes.
I Will Not Check In Untested Changes.
I Will Not Check In Untested Changes.
I Will Not Check In Untested Changes.
- The interp->builtins variable (and hence, __main__.__builtins__) is
once again initialized to the built-in *module* instead of its
dictionary.
- The finalization order is once again changed. Signals are finalized
relatively early, because (1) it DECREF's the signal handlers, and if
a signal handler happens to be a bound method, deleting it could cause
problems when there's no current thread around, and (2) we don't want
to risk executing signal handlers during finalization.
__init__.py (or __init__.pyc/.pyo, whichever applies) is considered a
package. All other subdirectories are left alone. Should make Konrad
Hinsen happy!
tstate swapping. Only the acquiring and releasing of the lock is
conditional (twice, under ``#ifdef WITH_THREAD'' and inside ``if
(interpreter_lock)'').
but annoying memory leak. This was introduced when PyExc_Exception
was added; the loop above populating the PyExc_StandardError exception
tuple started at index 1 in bltin_exc, but PyExc_Exception was added
at index 0, so PyExc_StandardError was getting inserted in itself!
How else can a tuple include itself?!
Change the loop to start at index 2.
This was a *fun* one! :-)
dummy entry to sys.modules, marking the absence of a submodule by the
same name.
Thus, if module foo.bar executes the statement "import time",
sys.modules['foo.time'] will be set to None, once the absence of a
module foo.time is confirmed (by looking for it in foo's path).
The next time when foo.bar (or any other submodule of foo) executes
"import time", no I/O is necessary to determine that there is no
module foo.time.
(Justification: It may seem strange to pollute sys.modules. However,
since we're doing the lookup anyway it's definitely the fastest
solution. This is the same convention that 'ni' uses and I haven't
heard any complaints.)
right thing.
Still to do:
- Make reload() of a submodule work.
- Performance tweaks -- currently, a submodule that tries to import a
global module *always* searches the package directory first, even if
the global module was already imported. Not sure how to solve this
one; probably need to record misses per package.
- Documentation!
This doesn't yet support "import a.b.c" or "from a.b.c import x", but
it does recognize directories. When importing a directory, it
initializes __path__ to a list containing the directory name, and
loads the __init__ module if found.
The (internal) find_module() and load_module() functions are
restructured so that they both also handle built-in and frozen modules
and Mac resources (and directories of course). The imp module's
find_module() and (new) load_module() also have this functionality.
Moreover, imp unconditionally defines constants for all module types,
and has two more new functions: find_module_in_package() and
find_module_in_directory().
There's also a new API function, PyImport_ImportModuleEx(), which
takes all four __import__ arguments (name, globals, locals, fromlist).
The last three may be NULL. This is currently the same as
PyImport_ImportModule() but in the future it will be able to do
relative dotted-path imports.
Other changes:
- bltinmodule.c: in __import__, call PyImport_ImportModuleEx().
- ceval.c: always pass the fromlist to __import__, even if it is a C
function, so PyImport_ImportModuleEx() is useful.
- getmtime.c: the function has a second argument, the FILE*, on which
it applies fstat(). According to Sjoerd this is much faster. The
first (pathname) argument is ignored, but remains for backward
compatibility (so the Mac version still works without changes).
By cleverly combining the new imp functionality, the full support for
dotted names in Python (mini.py, not checked in) is now about 7K,
lavishly commented (vs. 14K for ni plus 11K for ihooks, also lavishly
commented).
Good night!
- Changed semantics for initialized flag (again); forget the ref
counting, forget the fatal errors -- redundant calls to
Py_Initialize() or Py_Finalize() calls are simply ignored.
- Automatically import site.py on initialization, unless a flag is set
not to do this by main().
Added PyErr_MemoryErrorInst to hold the pre-instantiated instance when
using class based exceptions.
Simplified the creation of all built-in exceptions, both class based
and string based. Actually, for class based exceptions, the string
ones are still created just in case there's a problem creating the
class based ones (so you still get *some* exception handling!). Now
the init and fini functions run through a list of structure elements,
creating the strings (and optionally classes) for every entry.
initerrors(): the new base class exceptions StandardError,
LookupError, and NumberError are initialized when using string
exceptions, to tuples containing the list of derived string
exceptions. This GvR trick enables forward compatibility! One bit of
nastiness is that the C code has to know the inheritance tree embodied
in exceptions.py.
Added the two phase init and fini functions.
the -X command line option.
Py_Initialize(): Handle the two phase initialization of the built-in
module.
Py_Finalize(): Handle the two phase finalization of the built-in
module.
parse_syntax_error(): New function which parses syntax errors that
PyErr_Print() will catch. This correctly parses such errors
regardless of whether PyExc_SyntaxError is an old-style string
exception or new-fangled class exception.
PyErr_Print(): Many changes:
1. Normalize the exception.
2. Handle SystemExit exceptions which might be class based. Digs
the exit code out of the "code" attribute. String based
SystemExit is handled the same as before.
3. Handle SyntaxError exceptions which might be class based. Digs
the various information bits out of the instance's attributes
(see parse_syntax_error() for details). String based
SyntaxError still works too.
4. Don't write the `:' after the exception if the exception is
class based and has an empty string str() value.
(PyExc_MemoryErrorInst) raise this instead of PyExc_MemoryError. This
only happens when exception classes are enabled (e.g. when Python is
started with -X).
former rather than the latter, since PyErr_NormalizeException takes
PyObject** and I didn't want to change the interface for set_exc_info
(but I did want the changes propagated to eval_code2!).
UNPACK_LIST byte codes and added a third code path that allows
generalized sequence unpacking. Now both syntaxes:
a, b, c = seq
[a, b, c] = seq
can be used to unpack any sequence with the exact right number of
items.
unpack_sequence(): out-lined implementation of generalized sequence
unpacking. tuple and list unpacking are still inlined.
PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches().
set_exc_info(): make sure to normalize exceptions.
do_raise(): Use PyErr_NormalizeException() if type is a class.
loop_subscript(): Use PyErr_ExceptionMatches() instead of raw pointer
compare for PyExc_IndexError.
- int PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(obj1, obj2)
Returns 1 if obj1 and obj2 are the same object, or if obj1 is an
instance of type obj2, or of a class derived from obj2
- int PyErr_ExceptionMatches(obj)
Higher level wrapper around PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches() which uses
PyErr_Occurred() as obj1. This will be the more commonly called
function.
- void PyErr_NormalizeException(typeptr, valptr, tbptr)
Normalizes exceptions, and places the normalized values in the
arguments. If type is not a class, this does nothing. If type is a
class, then it makes sure that value is an instance of the class by:
1. if instance is of the type, or a class derived from type, it does
nothing.
2. otherwise it instantiates the class, using the value as an
argument. If value is None, it uses an empty arg tuple, and if
the value is a tuple, it uses just that.
classes as their second arguments. The former takes a class as the
first argument and returns true iff first is second, or is a subclass
of second.
The latter takes any object as the first argument and returns true iff
first is an instance of the second, or any subclass of second.
Also, change all occurances of pointer compares against
PyExc_IndexError with PyErr_ExceptionMatches() calls.
Fred Drake
Guido van Rossum
Jeremy Hylton
Tim Peters
Barry Warsaw
Thomas Wouters
Marc-André Lemburg
Neil Schemenauer
Jack Jansen
Ka-Ping Yee
Moshe Zadka
Greg Stein
Charles G. Waldman
Martin v. Löwis
Andrew M. Kuchling
Mark Hammond
Vladimir Marangozov
Fredrik Lundh
Paul Prescod
Trent Mick
Skip Montanaro
Peter Schneider-Kamp