Handling zero-argument super() in __init_subclass__ and
__set_name__ involved moving __class__ initialisation to
type.__new__. This requires cooperation from custom
metaclasses to ensure that the new __classcell__ entry
is passed along appropriately.
The initial implementation of that change resulted in abruptly
broken zero-argument super() support in metaclasses that didn't
adhere to the new requirements (such as Django's metaclass for
Model definitions).
The updated approach adopted here instead emits a deprecation
warning for those cases, and makes them work the same way they
did in Python 3.5.
This patch also improves the related class machinery documentation
to cover these details and to include more reader-friendly
cross-references and index entries.
- Issue #25958: Support "anti-registration" of special methods from
various ABCs, like __hash__, __iter__ or __len__. All these (and
several more) can be set to None in an implementation class and the
behavior will be as if the method is not defined at all.
(Previously, this mechanism existed only for __hash__, to make
mutable classes unhashable.) Code contributed by Andrew Barnert and
Ivan Levkivskyi.
In a previous change, __spec__.parent was prioritized over
__package__. That is a backwards-compatibility break, but we do
eventually want __spec__ to be the ground truth for module details. So
this change reverts the change in semantics and instead raises an
ImportWarning when __package__ != __spec__.parent to give people time
to adjust to using spec objects.
not defined for a relative import.
This is the start of work to try and clean up import semantics to rely
more on a module's spec than on the myriad attributes that get set on
a module. Thanks to Rose Ames for the patch.
Some of the details of comparing mixed types were incorrect or ambiguous.
NotImplemented is only relevant at a lower level than the Expressions
chapter. Added details of comparing range() objects, and default behaviour
and consistency suggestions for user-defined classes. Patch from Andy Maier.
This includes removing the assumption that readers will be familiar with the
name resolution scheme Python used prior to the introduction of lexical
scoping for function namespaces.
Patch by Ivan Levkivskyi.
This commit fixes how one-line async-defs and defs are tracked
by tokenizer. It allows to correctly parse invalid code such
as:
>>> async def f():
... def g(): pass
... async = 10
and valid code such as:
>>> async def f():
... async def g(): pass
... await z
As a consequence, is is now possible to have one-line
'async def foo(): await ..' functions:
>>> async def foo(): return await bar()
Summary of changes:
1. Coroutines now have a distinct, separate from generators
type at the C level: PyGen_Type, and a new typedef PyCoroObject.
PyCoroObject shares the initial segment of struct layout with
PyGenObject, making it possible to reuse existing generators
machinery. The new type is exposed as 'types.CoroutineType'.
As a consequence of having a new type, CO_GENERATOR flag is
no longer applied to coroutines.
2. Having a separate type for coroutines made it possible to add
an __await__ method to the type. Although it is not used by the
interpreter (see details on that below), it makes coroutines
naturally (without using __instancecheck__) conform to
collections.abc.Coroutine and collections.abc.Awaitable ABCs.
[The __instancecheck__ is still used for generator-based
coroutines, as we don't want to add __await__ for generators.]
3. Add new opcode: GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER. The opcode is needed to
allow passing native coroutines to the YIELD_FROM opcode.
Before this change, 'yield from o' expression was compiled to:
(o)
GET_ITER
LOAD_CONST
YIELD_FROM
Now, we use GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER instead of GET_ITER.
The reason for adding a new opcode is that GET_ITER is used
in some contexts (such as 'for .. in' loops) where passing
a coroutine object is invalid.
4. Add two new introspection functions to the inspec module:
getcoroutinestate(c) and getcoroutinelocals(c).
5. inspect.iscoroutine(o) is updated to test if 'o' is a native
coroutine object. Before this commit it used abc.Coroutine,
and it was requested to update inspect.isgenerator(o) to use
abc.Generator; it was decided, however, that inspect functions
should really be tailored for checking for native types.
6. sys.set_coroutine_wrapper(w) API is updated to work with only
native coroutines. Since types.coroutine decorator supports
any type of callables now, it would be confusing that it does
not work for all types of coroutines.
7. Exceptions logic in generators C implementation was updated
to raise clearer messages for coroutines:
Before: TypeError("generator raised StopIteration")
After: TypeError("coroutine raised StopIteration")
Nick Coghlan
Martin Panter
Jason R. Coombs
Serhiy Storchaka
Raymond Hettinger
Guido van Rossum
Brett Cannon
Eric Snow
Yury Selivanov
R David Murray
Berker Peksag
Tommy Beadle
Ned Deily
Benjamin Peterson
Yury Selivanov
Zachary Ware
Robert Collins
Terry Jan Reedy