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cpython/Lib/test/test_xml_etree.py

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# xml.etree test. This file contains enough tests to make sure that
# all included components work as they should.
# Large parts are extracted from the upstream test suite.
#
# PLEASE write all new tests using the standard unittest infrastructure and
# not doctest.
#
# IMPORTANT: the same tests are run from "test_xml_etree_c" in order
# to ensure consistency between the C implementation and the Python
# implementation.
#
# For this purpose, the module-level "ET" symbol is temporarily
# monkey-patched when running the "test_xml_etree_c" test suite.
# Don't re-import "xml.etree.ElementTree" module in the docstring,
# except if the test is specific to the Python implementation.
import html
import io
import sys
import unittest
import weakref
from test import support
from test.support import findfile, import_fresh_module, gc_collect
pyET = None
ET = None
SIMPLE_XMLFILE = findfile("simple.xml", subdir="xmltestdata")
try:
SIMPLE_XMLFILE.encode("utf-8")
except UnicodeEncodeError:
raise unittest.SkipTest("filename is not encodable to utf8")
SIMPLE_NS_XMLFILE = findfile("simple-ns.xml", subdir="xmltestdata")
SAMPLE_XML = """\
<body>
<tag class='a'>text</tag>
<tag class='b' />
<section>
<tag class='b' id='inner'>subtext</tag>
</section>
</body>
"""
SAMPLE_SECTION = """\
<section>
<tag class='b' id='inner'>subtext</tag>
<nexttag />
<nextsection>
<tag />
</nextsection>
</section>
"""
SAMPLE_XML_NS = """
<body xmlns="http://effbot.org/ns">
<tag>text</tag>
<tag />
<section>
<tag>subtext</tag>
</section>
</body>
"""
SAMPLE_XML_NS_ELEMS = """
<root>
<h:table xmlns:h="hello">
<h:tr>
<h:td>Apples</h:td>
<h:td>Bananas</h:td>
</h:tr>
</h:table>
<f:table xmlns:f="foo">
<f:name>African Coffee Table</f:name>
<f:width>80</f:width>
<f:length>120</f:length>
</f:table>
</root>
"""
def sanity():
"""
Import sanity.
>>> from xml.etree import ElementTree
>>> from xml.etree import ElementInclude
>>> from xml.etree import ElementPath
"""
def check_method(method):
if not hasattr(method, '__call__'):
print(method, "not callable")
def serialize(elem, to_string=True, encoding='unicode', **options):
import io
if encoding != 'unicode':
file = io.BytesIO()
else:
file = io.StringIO()
tree = ET.ElementTree(elem)
tree.write(file, encoding=encoding, **options)
if to_string:
return file.getvalue()
else:
file.seek(0)
return file
def summarize(elem):
if elem.tag == ET.Comment:
return "<Comment>"
return elem.tag
def summarize_list(seq):
return [summarize(elem) for elem in seq]
def normalize_crlf(tree):
for elem in tree.iter():
if elem.text:
elem.text = elem.text.replace("\r\n", "\n")
if elem.tail:
elem.tail = elem.tail.replace("\r\n", "\n")
def normalize_exception(func, *args, **kwargs):
# Ignore the exception __module__
try:
func(*args, **kwargs)
except Exception as err:
print("Traceback (most recent call last):")
print("{}: {}".format(err.__class__.__name__, err))
def check_string(string):
len(string)
for char in string:
if len(char) != 1:
print("expected one-character string, got %r" % char)
new_string = string + ""
new_string = string + " "
string[:0]
def check_mapping(mapping):
len(mapping)
keys = mapping.keys()
items = mapping.items()
for key in keys:
item = mapping[key]
mapping["key"] = "value"
if mapping["key"] != "value":
print("expected value string, got %r" % mapping["key"])
def check_element(element):
if not ET.iselement(element):
print("not an element")
if not hasattr(element, "tag"):
print("no tag member")
if not hasattr(element, "attrib"):
print("no attrib member")
if not hasattr(element, "text"):
print("no text member")
if not hasattr(element, "tail"):
print("no tail member")
check_string(element.tag)
check_mapping(element.attrib)
if element.text is not None:
check_string(element.text)
if element.tail is not None:
check_string(element.tail)
for elem in element:
check_element(elem)
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# element tree tests
def interface():
"""
Test element tree interface.
>>> element = ET.Element("tag")
>>> check_element(element)
>>> tree = ET.ElementTree(element)
>>> check_element(tree.getroot())
>>> element = ET.Element("t\\xe4g", key="value")
>>> tree = ET.ElementTree(element)
>>> repr(element) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
"<Element 't\\xe4g' at 0x...>"
>>> element = ET.Element("tag", key="value")
Make sure all standard element methods exist.
>>> check_method(element.append)
>>> check_method(element.extend)
>>> check_method(element.insert)
>>> check_method(element.remove)
>>> check_method(element.getchildren)
>>> check_method(element.find)
>>> check_method(element.iterfind)
>>> check_method(element.findall)
>>> check_method(element.findtext)
>>> check_method(element.clear)
>>> check_method(element.get)
>>> check_method(element.set)
>>> check_method(element.keys)
>>> check_method(element.items)
>>> check_method(element.iter)
>>> check_method(element.itertext)
>>> check_method(element.getiterator)
These methods return an iterable. See bug 6472.
>>> check_method(element.iterfind("tag").__next__)
>>> check_method(element.iterfind("*").__next__)
>>> check_method(tree.iterfind("tag").__next__)
>>> check_method(tree.iterfind("*").__next__)
These aliases are provided:
>>> assert ET.XML == ET.fromstring
>>> assert ET.PI == ET.ProcessingInstruction
>>> assert ET.XMLParser == ET.XMLTreeBuilder
"""
def simpleops():
"""
Basic method sanity checks.
>>> elem = ET.XML("<body><tag/></body>")
>>> serialize(elem)
'<body><tag /></body>'
>>> e = ET.Element("tag2")
>>> elem.append(e)
>>> serialize(elem)
'<body><tag /><tag2 /></body>'
>>> elem.remove(e)
>>> serialize(elem)
'<body><tag /></body>'
>>> elem.insert(0, e)
>>> serialize(elem)
'<body><tag2 /><tag /></body>'
>>> elem.remove(e)
>>> elem.extend([e])
>>> serialize(elem)
'<body><tag /><tag2 /></body>'
>>> elem.remove(e)
>>> element = ET.Element("tag", key="value")
>>> serialize(element) # 1
'<tag key="value" />'
>>> subelement = ET.Element("subtag")
>>> element.append(subelement)
>>> serialize(element) # 2
'<tag key="value"><subtag /></tag>'
>>> element.insert(0, subelement)
>>> serialize(element) # 3
'<tag key="value"><subtag /><subtag /></tag>'
>>> element.remove(subelement)
>>> serialize(element) # 4
'<tag key="value"><subtag /></tag>'
>>> element.remove(subelement)
>>> serialize(element) # 5
'<tag key="value" />'
>>> element.remove(subelement)
Traceback (most recent call last):
ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list
>>> serialize(element) # 6
'<tag key="value" />'
>>> element[0:0] = [subelement, subelement, subelement]
>>> serialize(element[1])
'<subtag />'
>>> element[1:9] == [element[1], element[2]]
True
>>> element[:9:2] == [element[0], element[2]]
True
>>> del element[1:2]
>>> serialize(element)
'<tag key="value"><subtag /><subtag /></tag>'
"""
def cdata():
"""
Test CDATA handling (etc).
>>> serialize(ET.XML("<tag>hello</tag>"))
'<tag>hello</tag>'
>>> serialize(ET.XML("<tag>&#104;&#101;&#108;&#108;&#111;</tag>"))
'<tag>hello</tag>'
>>> serialize(ET.XML("<tag><![CDATA[hello]]></tag>"))
'<tag>hello</tag>'
"""
def find():
"""
Test find methods (including xpath syntax).
>>> elem = ET.XML(SAMPLE_XML)
>>> elem.find("tag").tag
'tag'
>>> ET.ElementTree(elem).find("tag").tag
'tag'
>>> elem.find("section/tag").tag
'tag'
>>> elem.find("./tag").tag
'tag'
>>> ET.ElementTree(elem).find("./tag").tag
'tag'
>>> ET.ElementTree(elem).find("/tag").tag
'tag'
>>> elem[2] = ET.XML(SAMPLE_SECTION)
>>> elem.find("section/nexttag").tag
'nexttag'
>>> ET.ElementTree(elem).find("section/tag").tag
'tag'
>>> ET.ElementTree(elem).find("tog")
>>> ET.ElementTree(elem).find("tog/foo")
>>> elem.findtext("tag")
'text'
>>> elem.findtext("section/nexttag")
''
>>> elem.findtext("section/nexttag", "default")
''
>>> elem.findtext("tog")
>>> elem.findtext("tog", "default")
'default'
>>> ET.ElementTree(elem).findtext("tag")
'text'
>>> ET.ElementTree(elem).findtext("tog/foo")
>>> ET.ElementTree(elem).findtext("tog/foo", "default")
'default'
>>> ET.ElementTree(elem).findtext("./tag")
'text'
>>> ET.ElementTree(elem).findtext("/tag")
'text'
>>> elem.findtext("section/tag")
'subtext'
>>> ET.ElementTree(elem).findtext("section/tag")
'subtext'
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall("."))
['body']
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall("tag"))
['tag', 'tag']
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall("tog"))
[]
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall("tog/foo"))
[]
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall("*"))
['tag', 'tag', 'section']
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall(".//tag"))
['tag', 'tag', 'tag', 'tag']
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall("section/tag"))
['tag']
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall("section//tag"))
['tag', 'tag']
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall("section/*"))
['tag', 'nexttag', 'nextsection']
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall("section//*"))
['tag', 'nexttag', 'nextsection', 'tag']
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall("section/.//*"))
['tag', 'nexttag', 'nextsection', 'tag']
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall("*/*"))
['tag', 'nexttag', 'nextsection']
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall("*//*"))
['tag', 'nexttag', 'nextsection', 'tag']
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall("*/tag"))
['tag']
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall("*/./tag"))
['tag']
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall("./tag"))
['tag', 'tag']
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall(".//tag"))
['tag', 'tag', 'tag', 'tag']
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall("././tag"))
['tag', 'tag']
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall(".//tag[@class]"))
['tag', 'tag', 'tag']
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall(".//tag[@class='a']"))
['tag']
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall(".//tag[@class='b']"))
['tag', 'tag']
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall(".//tag[@id]"))
['tag']
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall(".//section[tag]"))
['section']
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall(".//section[element]"))
[]
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall("../tag"))
[]
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall("section/../tag"))
['tag', 'tag']
>>> summarize_list(ET.ElementTree(elem).findall("./tag"))
['tag', 'tag']
Following example is invalid in 1.2.
A leading '*' is assumed in 1.3.
>>> elem.findall("section//") == elem.findall("section//*")
True
ET's Path module handles this case incorrectly; this gives
a warning in 1.3, and the behaviour will be modified in 1.4.
>>> summarize_list(ET.ElementTree(elem).findall("/tag"))
['tag', 'tag']
>>> elem = ET.XML(SAMPLE_XML_NS)
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall("tag"))
[]
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall("{http://effbot.org/ns}tag"))
['{http://effbot.org/ns}tag', '{http://effbot.org/ns}tag']
>>> summarize_list(elem.findall(".//{http://effbot.org/ns}tag"))
['{http://effbot.org/ns}tag', '{http://effbot.org/ns}tag', '{http://effbot.org/ns}tag']
"""
def file_init():
"""
>>> import io
>>> stringfile = io.BytesIO(SAMPLE_XML.encode("utf-8"))
>>> tree = ET.ElementTree(file=stringfile)
>>> tree.find("tag").tag
'tag'
>>> tree.find("section/tag").tag
'tag'
>>> tree = ET.ElementTree(file=SIMPLE_XMLFILE)
>>> tree.find("element").tag
'element'
>>> tree.find("element/../empty-element").tag
'empty-element'
"""
def bad_find():
"""
Check bad or unsupported path expressions.
>>> elem = ET.XML(SAMPLE_XML)
>>> elem.findall("/tag")
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: cannot use absolute path on element
"""
def path_cache():
"""
Check that the path cache behaves sanely.
>>> from xml.etree import ElementPath
>>> elem = ET.XML(SAMPLE_XML)
>>> for i in range(10): ET.ElementTree(elem).find('./'+str(i))
>>> cache_len_10 = len(ElementPath._cache)
>>> for i in range(10): ET.ElementTree(elem).find('./'+str(i))
>>> len(ElementPath._cache) == cache_len_10
True
>>> for i in range(20): ET.ElementTree(elem).find('./'+str(i))
>>> len(ElementPath._cache) > cache_len_10
True
>>> for i in range(600): ET.ElementTree(elem).find('./'+str(i))
>>> len(ElementPath._cache) < 500
True
"""
def copy():
"""
Test copy handling (etc).
>>> import copy
>>> e1 = ET.XML("<tag>hello<foo/></tag>")
>>> e2 = copy.copy(e1)
>>> e3 = copy.deepcopy(e1)
>>> e1.find("foo").tag = "bar"
>>> serialize(e1)
'<tag>hello<bar /></tag>'
>>> serialize(e2)
'<tag>hello<bar /></tag>'
>>> serialize(e3)
'<tag>hello<foo /></tag>'
"""
def attrib():
"""
Test attribute handling.
>>> elem = ET.Element("tag")
>>> elem.get("key") # 1.1
>>> elem.get("key", "default") # 1.2
'default'
>>> elem.set("key", "value")
>>> elem.get("key") # 1.3
'value'
>>> elem = ET.Element("tag", key="value")
>>> elem.get("key") # 2.1
'value'
>>> elem.attrib # 2.2
{'key': 'value'}
>>> attrib = {"key": "value"}
>>> elem = ET.Element("tag", attrib)
>>> attrib.clear() # check for aliasing issues
>>> elem.get("key") # 3.1
'value'
>>> elem.attrib # 3.2
{'key': 'value'}
>>> attrib = {"key": "value"}
>>> elem = ET.Element("tag", **attrib)
>>> attrib.clear() # check for aliasing issues
>>> elem.get("key") # 4.1
'value'
>>> elem.attrib # 4.2
{'key': 'value'}
>>> elem = ET.Element("tag", {"key": "other"}, key="value")
>>> elem.get("key") # 5.1
'value'
>>> elem.attrib # 5.2
{'key': 'value'}
>>> elem = ET.Element('test')
>>> elem.text = "aa"
>>> elem.set('testa', 'testval')
>>> elem.set('testb', 'test2')
>>> ET.tostring(elem)
b'<test testa="testval" testb="test2">aa</test>'
>>> sorted(elem.keys())
['testa', 'testb']
>>> sorted(elem.items())
[('testa', 'testval'), ('testb', 'test2')]
>>> elem.attrib['testb']
'test2'
>>> elem.attrib['testb'] = 'test1'
>>> elem.attrib['testc'] = 'test2'
>>> ET.tostring(elem)
b'<test testa="testval" testb="test1" testc="test2">aa</test>'
"""
def makeelement():
"""
Test makeelement handling.
>>> elem = ET.Element("tag")
>>> attrib = {"key": "value"}
>>> subelem = elem.makeelement("subtag", attrib)
>>> if subelem.attrib is attrib:
... print("attrib aliasing")
>>> elem.append(subelem)
>>> serialize(elem)
'<tag><subtag key="value" /></tag>'
>>> elem.clear()
>>> serialize(elem)
'<tag />'
>>> elem.append(subelem)
>>> serialize(elem)
'<tag><subtag key="value" /></tag>'
>>> elem.extend([subelem, subelem])
>>> serialize(elem)
'<tag><subtag key="value" /><subtag key="value" /><subtag key="value" /></tag>'
>>> elem[:] = [subelem]
>>> serialize(elem)
'<tag><subtag key="value" /></tag>'
>>> elem[:] = tuple([subelem])
>>> serialize(elem)
'<tag><subtag key="value" /></tag>'
"""
def parsefile():
"""
Test parsing from file.
>>> tree = ET.parse(SIMPLE_XMLFILE)
>>> normalize_crlf(tree)
>>> tree.write(sys.stdout, encoding='unicode')
<root>
<element key="value">text</element>
<element>text</element>tail
<empty-element />
</root>
>>> tree = ET.parse(SIMPLE_NS_XMLFILE)
>>> normalize_crlf(tree)
>>> tree.write(sys.stdout, encoding='unicode')
<ns0:root xmlns:ns0="namespace">
<ns0:element key="value">text</ns0:element>
<ns0:element>text</ns0:element>tail
<ns0:empty-element />
</ns0:root>
>>> with open(SIMPLE_XMLFILE) as f:
... data = f.read()
>>> parser = ET.XMLParser()
>>> parser.version # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
'Expat ...'
>>> parser.feed(data)
>>> print(serialize(parser.close()))
<root>
<element key="value">text</element>
<element>text</element>tail
<empty-element />
</root>
>>> parser = ET.XMLTreeBuilder() # 1.2 compatibility
>>> parser.feed(data)
>>> print(serialize(parser.close()))
<root>
<element key="value">text</element>
<element>text</element>tail
<empty-element />
</root>
>>> target = ET.TreeBuilder()
>>> parser = ET.XMLParser(target=target)
>>> parser.feed(data)
>>> print(serialize(parser.close()))
<root>
<element key="value">text</element>
<element>text</element>tail
<empty-element />
</root>
"""
def parseliteral():
"""
>>> element = ET.XML("<html><body>text</body></html>")
>>> ET.ElementTree(element).write(sys.stdout, encoding='unicode')
<html><body>text</body></html>
>>> element = ET.fromstring("<html><body>text</body></html>")
>>> ET.ElementTree(element).write(sys.stdout, encoding='unicode')
<html><body>text</body></html>
>>> sequence = ["<html><body>", "text</bo", "dy></html>"]
>>> element = ET.fromstringlist(sequence)
>>> ET.tostring(element)
b'<html><body>text</body></html>'
>>> b"".join(ET.tostringlist(element))
b'<html><body>text</body></html>'
>>> ET.tostring(element, "ascii")
b"<?xml version='1.0' encoding='ascii'?>\\n<html><body>text</body></html>"
>>> _, ids = ET.XMLID("<html><body>text</body></html>")
>>> len(ids)
0
>>> _, ids = ET.XMLID("<html><body id='body'>text</body></html>")
>>> len(ids)
1
>>> ids["body"].tag
'body'
"""
def iterparse():
"""
Test iterparse interface.
>>> iterparse = ET.iterparse
>>> context = iterparse(SIMPLE_XMLFILE)
>>> action, elem = next(context)
>>> print(action, elem.tag)
end element
>>> for action, elem in context:
... print(action, elem.tag)
end element
end empty-element
end root
>>> context.root.tag
'root'
>>> context = iterparse(SIMPLE_NS_XMLFILE)
>>> for action, elem in context:
... print(action, elem.tag)
end {namespace}element
end {namespace}element
end {namespace}empty-element
end {namespace}root
>>> events = ()
>>> context = iterparse(SIMPLE_XMLFILE, events)
>>> for action, elem in context:
... print(action, elem.tag)
>>> events = ()
>>> context = iterparse(SIMPLE_XMLFILE, events=events)
>>> for action, elem in context:
... print(action, elem.tag)
>>> events = ("start", "end")
>>> context = iterparse(SIMPLE_XMLFILE, events)
>>> for action, elem in context:
... print(action, elem.tag)
start root
start element
end element
start element
end element
start empty-element
end empty-element
end root
>>> events = ("start", "end", "start-ns", "end-ns")
>>> context = iterparse(SIMPLE_NS_XMLFILE, events)
>>> for action, elem in context:
... if action in ("start", "end"):
... print(action, elem.tag)
... else:
... print(action, elem)
start-ns ('', 'namespace')
start {namespace}root
start {namespace}element
end {namespace}element
start {namespace}element
end {namespace}element
start {namespace}empty-element
end {namespace}empty-element
end {namespace}root
end-ns None
>>> events = ("start", "end", "bogus")
>>> with open(SIMPLE_XMLFILE, "rb") as f:
... iterparse(f, events)
Traceback (most recent call last):
ValueError: unknown event 'bogus'
>>> import io
>>> source = io.BytesIO(
... b"<?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?>\\n"
... b"<body xmlns='http://&#233;ffbot.org/ns'\\n"
... b" xmlns:cl\\xe9='http://effbot.org/ns'>text</body>\\n")
>>> events = ("start-ns",)
>>> context = iterparse(source, events)
>>> for action, elem in context:
... print(action, elem)
start-ns ('', 'http://\\xe9ffbot.org/ns')
start-ns ('cl\\xe9', 'http://effbot.org/ns')
>>> source = io.StringIO("<document />junk")
>>> try:
... for action, elem in iterparse(source):
... print(action, elem.tag)
... except ET.ParseError as v:
... print(v)
end document
junk after document element: line 1, column 12
"""
def writefile():
"""
>>> elem = ET.Element("tag")
>>> elem.text = "text"
>>> serialize(elem)
'<tag>text</tag>'
>>> ET.SubElement(elem, "subtag").text = "subtext"
>>> serialize(elem)
'<tag>text<subtag>subtext</subtag></tag>'
Test tag suppression
>>> elem.tag = None
>>> serialize(elem)
'text<subtag>subtext</subtag>'
>>> elem.insert(0, ET.Comment("comment"))
>>> serialize(elem) # assumes 1.3
'text<!--comment--><subtag>subtext</subtag>'
>>> elem[0] = ET.PI("key", "value")
>>> serialize(elem)
'text<?key value?><subtag>subtext</subtag>'
"""
def custom_builder():
"""
Test parser w. custom builder.
>>> with open(SIMPLE_XMLFILE) as f:
... data = f.read()
>>> class Builder:
... def start(self, tag, attrib):
... print("start", tag)
... def end(self, tag):
... print("end", tag)
... def data(self, text):
... pass
>>> builder = Builder()
>>> parser = ET.XMLParser(target=builder)
>>> parser.feed(data)
start root
start element
end element
start element
end element
start empty-element
end empty-element
end root
>>> with open(SIMPLE_NS_XMLFILE) as f:
... data = f.read()
>>> class Builder:
... def start(self, tag, attrib):
... print("start", tag)
... def end(self, tag):
... print("end", tag)
... def data(self, text):
... pass
... def pi(self, target, data):
... print("pi", target, repr(data))
... def comment(self, data):
... print("comment", repr(data))
>>> builder = Builder()
>>> parser = ET.XMLParser(target=builder)
>>> parser.feed(data)
pi pi 'data'
comment ' comment '
start {namespace}root
start {namespace}element
end {namespace}element
start {namespace}element
end {namespace}element
start {namespace}empty-element
end {namespace}empty-element
end {namespace}root
"""
def getchildren():
"""
Test Element.getchildren()
>>> with open(SIMPLE_XMLFILE, "rb") as f:
... tree = ET.parse(f)
>>> for elem in tree.getroot().iter():
... summarize_list(elem.getchildren())
['element', 'element', 'empty-element']
[]
[]
[]
>>> for elem in tree.getiterator():
... summarize_list(elem.getchildren())
['element', 'element', 'empty-element']
[]
[]
[]
>>> elem = ET.XML(SAMPLE_XML)
>>> len(elem.getchildren())
3
>>> len(elem[2].getchildren())
1
>>> elem[:] == elem.getchildren()
True
>>> child1 = elem[0]
>>> child2 = elem[2]
>>> del elem[1:2]
>>> len(elem.getchildren())
2
>>> child1 == elem[0]
True
>>> child2 == elem[1]
True
>>> elem[0:2] = [child2, child1]
>>> child2 == elem[0]
True
>>> child1 == elem[1]
True
>>> child1 == elem[0]
False
>>> elem.clear()
>>> elem.getchildren()
[]
"""
def writestring():
"""
>>> elem = ET.XML("<html><body>text</body></html>")
>>> ET.tostring(elem)
b'<html><body>text</body></html>'
>>> elem = ET.fromstring("<html><body>text</body></html>")
>>> ET.tostring(elem)
b'<html><body>text</body></html>'
"""
def check_encoding(encoding):
"""
>>> check_encoding("ascii")
>>> check_encoding("us-ascii")
>>> check_encoding("iso-8859-1")
>>> check_encoding("iso-8859-15")
>>> check_encoding("cp437")
>>> check_encoding("mac-roman")
"""
ET.XML("<?xml version='1.0' encoding='%s'?><xml />" % encoding)
def encoding():
r"""
Test encoding issues.
>>> elem = ET.Element("tag")
>>> elem.text = "abc"
>>> serialize(elem)
'<tag>abc</tag>'
>>> serialize(elem, encoding="utf-8")
b'<tag>abc</tag>'
>>> serialize(elem, encoding="us-ascii")
b'<tag>abc</tag>'
>>> serialize(elem, encoding="iso-8859-1")
b"<?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?>\n<tag>abc</tag>"
>>> elem.text = "<&\"\'>"
>>> serialize(elem)
'<tag>&lt;&amp;"\'&gt;</tag>'
>>> serialize(elem, encoding="utf-8")
b'<tag>&lt;&amp;"\'&gt;</tag>'
>>> serialize(elem, encoding="us-ascii") # cdata characters
b'<tag>&lt;&amp;"\'&gt;</tag>'
>>> serialize(elem, encoding="iso-8859-1")
b'<?xml version=\'1.0\' encoding=\'iso-8859-1\'?>\n<tag>&lt;&amp;"\'&gt;</tag>'
>>> elem.attrib["key"] = "<&\"\'>"
>>> elem.text = None
>>> serialize(elem)
'<tag key="&lt;&amp;&quot;\'&gt;" />'
>>> serialize(elem, encoding="utf-8")
b'<tag key="&lt;&amp;&quot;\'&gt;" />'
>>> serialize(elem, encoding="us-ascii")
b'<tag key="&lt;&amp;&quot;\'&gt;" />'
>>> serialize(elem, encoding="iso-8859-1")
b'<?xml version=\'1.0\' encoding=\'iso-8859-1\'?>\n<tag key="&lt;&amp;&quot;\'&gt;" />'
>>> elem.text = '\xe5\xf6\xf6<>'
>>> elem.attrib.clear()
>>> serialize(elem)
'<tag>\xe5\xf6\xf6&lt;&gt;</tag>'
>>> serialize(elem, encoding="utf-8")
b'<tag>\xc3\xa5\xc3\xb6\xc3\xb6&lt;&gt;</tag>'
>>> serialize(elem, encoding="us-ascii")
b'<tag>&#229;&#246;&#246;&lt;&gt;</tag>'
>>> serialize(elem, encoding="iso-8859-1")
b"<?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?>\n<tag>\xe5\xf6\xf6&lt;&gt;</tag>"
>>> elem.attrib["key"] = '\xe5\xf6\xf6<>'
>>> elem.text = None
>>> serialize(elem)
'<tag key="\xe5\xf6\xf6&lt;&gt;" />'
>>> serialize(elem, encoding="utf-8")
b'<tag key="\xc3\xa5\xc3\xb6\xc3\xb6&lt;&gt;" />'
>>> serialize(elem, encoding="us-ascii")
b'<tag key="&#229;&#246;&#246;&lt;&gt;" />'
>>> serialize(elem, encoding="iso-8859-1")
b'<?xml version=\'1.0\' encoding=\'iso-8859-1\'?>\n<tag key="\xe5\xf6\xf6&lt;&gt;" />'
"""
def methods():
r"""
Test serialization methods.
>>> e = ET.XML("<html><link/><script>1 &lt; 2</script></html>")
>>> e.tail = "\n"
>>> serialize(e)
'<html><link /><script>1 &lt; 2</script></html>\n'
>>> serialize(e, method=None)
'<html><link /><script>1 &lt; 2</script></html>\n'
>>> serialize(e, method="xml")
'<html><link /><script>1 &lt; 2</script></html>\n'
>>> serialize(e, method="html")
'<html><link><script>1 < 2</script></html>\n'
>>> serialize(e, method="text")
'1 < 2\n'
"""
ENTITY_XML = """\
<!DOCTYPE points [
<!ENTITY % user-entities SYSTEM 'user-entities.xml'>
%user-entities;
]>
<document>&entity;</document>
"""
def entity():
"""
Test entity handling.
1) good entities
>>> e = ET.XML("<document title='&#x8230;'>test</document>")
>>> serialize(e, encoding="us-ascii")
b'<document title="&#33328;">test</document>'
>>> serialize(e)
'<document title="\u8230">test</document>'
2) bad entities
>>> normalize_exception(ET.XML, "<document>&entity;</document>")
Traceback (most recent call last):
ParseError: undefined entity: line 1, column 10
>>> normalize_exception(ET.XML, ENTITY_XML)
Traceback (most recent call last):
ParseError: undefined entity &entity;: line 5, column 10
3) custom entity
>>> parser = ET.XMLParser()
>>> parser.entity["entity"] = "text"
>>> parser.feed(ENTITY_XML)
>>> root = parser.close()
>>> serialize(root)
'<document>text</document>'
"""
def namespace():
"""
Test namespace issues.
1) xml namespace
>>> elem = ET.XML("<tag xml:lang='en' />")
>>> serialize(elem) # 1.1
'<tag xml:lang="en" />'
2) other "well-known" namespaces
>>> elem = ET.XML("<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf='http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#' />")
>>> serialize(elem) # 2.1
'<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" />'
>>> elem = ET.XML("<html:html xmlns:html='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml' />")
>>> serialize(elem) # 2.2
'<html:html xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" />'
>>> elem = ET.XML("<soap:Envelope xmlns:soap='http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope' />")
>>> serialize(elem) # 2.3
'<ns0:Envelope xmlns:ns0="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope" />'
3) unknown namespaces
>>> elem = ET.XML(SAMPLE_XML_NS)
>>> print(serialize(elem))
<ns0:body xmlns:ns0="http://effbot.org/ns">
<ns0:tag>text</ns0:tag>
<ns0:tag />
<ns0:section>
<ns0:tag>subtext</ns0:tag>
</ns0:section>
</ns0:body>
"""
def qname():
"""
Test QName handling.
1) decorated tags
>>> elem = ET.Element("{uri}tag")
>>> serialize(elem) # 1.1
'<ns0:tag xmlns:ns0="uri" />'
>>> elem = ET.Element(ET.QName("{uri}tag"))
>>> serialize(elem) # 1.2
'<ns0:tag xmlns:ns0="uri" />'
>>> elem = ET.Element(ET.QName("uri", "tag"))
>>> serialize(elem) # 1.3
'<ns0:tag xmlns:ns0="uri" />'
>>> elem = ET.Element(ET.QName("uri", "tag"))
>>> subelem = ET.SubElement(elem, ET.QName("uri", "tag1"))
>>> subelem = ET.SubElement(elem, ET.QName("uri", "tag2"))
>>> serialize(elem) # 1.4
'<ns0:tag xmlns:ns0="uri"><ns0:tag1 /><ns0:tag2 /></ns0:tag>'
2) decorated attributes
>>> elem.clear()
>>> elem.attrib["{uri}key"] = "value"
>>> serialize(elem) # 2.1
'<ns0:tag xmlns:ns0="uri" ns0:key="value" />'
>>> elem.clear()
>>> elem.attrib[ET.QName("{uri}key")] = "value"
>>> serialize(elem) # 2.2
'<ns0:tag xmlns:ns0="uri" ns0:key="value" />'
3) decorated values are not converted by default, but the
QName wrapper can be used for values
>>> elem.clear()
>>> elem.attrib["{uri}key"] = "{uri}value"
>>> serialize(elem) # 3.1
'<ns0:tag xmlns:ns0="uri" ns0:key="{uri}value" />'
>>> elem.clear()
>>> elem.attrib["{uri}key"] = ET.QName("{uri}value")
>>> serialize(elem) # 3.2
'<ns0:tag xmlns:ns0="uri" ns0:key="ns0:value" />'
>>> elem.clear()
>>> subelem = ET.Element("tag")
>>> subelem.attrib["{uri1}key"] = ET.QName("{uri2}value")
>>> elem.append(subelem)
>>> elem.append(subelem)
>>> serialize(elem) # 3.3
'<ns0:tag xmlns:ns0="uri" xmlns:ns1="uri1" xmlns:ns2="uri2"><tag ns1:key="ns2:value" /><tag ns1:key="ns2:value" /></ns0:tag>'
4) Direct QName tests
>>> str(ET.QName('ns', 'tag'))
'{ns}tag'
>>> str(ET.QName('{ns}tag'))
'{ns}tag'
>>> q1 = ET.QName('ns', 'tag')
>>> q2 = ET.QName('ns', 'tag')
>>> q1 == q2
True
>>> q2 = ET.QName('ns', 'other-tag')
>>> q1 == q2
False
>>> q1 == 'ns:tag'
False
>>> q1 == '{ns}tag'
True
"""
def doctype_public():
"""
Test PUBLIC doctype.
>>> elem = ET.XML('<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC'
... ' "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"'
... ' "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">'
... '<html>text</html>')
"""
def xpath_tokenizer(p):
"""
Test the XPath tokenizer.
>>> # tests from the xml specification
>>> xpath_tokenizer("*")
['*']
>>> xpath_tokenizer("text()")
['text', '()']
>>> xpath_tokenizer("@name")
['@', 'name']
>>> xpath_tokenizer("@*")
['@', '*']
>>> xpath_tokenizer("para[1]")
['para', '[', '1', ']']
>>> xpath_tokenizer("para[last()]")
['para', '[', 'last', '()', ']']
>>> xpath_tokenizer("*/para")
['*', '/', 'para']
>>> xpath_tokenizer("/doc/chapter[5]/section[2]")
['/', 'doc', '/', 'chapter', '[', '5', ']', '/', 'section', '[', '2', ']']
>>> xpath_tokenizer("chapter//para")
['chapter', '//', 'para']
>>> xpath_tokenizer("//para")
['//', 'para']
>>> xpath_tokenizer("//olist/item")
['//', 'olist', '/', 'item']
>>> xpath_tokenizer(".")
['.']
>>> xpath_tokenizer(".//para")
['.', '//', 'para']
>>> xpath_tokenizer("..")
['..']
>>> xpath_tokenizer("../@lang")
['..', '/', '@', 'lang']
>>> xpath_tokenizer("chapter[title]")
['chapter', '[', 'title', ']']
>>> xpath_tokenizer("employee[@secretary and @assistant]")
['employee', '[', '@', 'secretary', '', 'and', '', '@', 'assistant', ']']
>>> # additional tests
>>> xpath_tokenizer("{http://spam}egg")
['{http://spam}egg']
>>> xpath_tokenizer("./spam.egg")
['.', '/', 'spam.egg']
>>> xpath_tokenizer(".//{http://spam}egg")
['.', '//', '{http://spam}egg']
"""
from xml.etree import ElementPath
out = []
for op, tag in ElementPath.xpath_tokenizer(p):
out.append(op or tag)
return out
def processinginstruction():
"""
Test ProcessingInstruction directly
>>> ET.tostring(ET.ProcessingInstruction('test', 'instruction'))
b'<?test instruction?>'
>>> ET.tostring(ET.PI('test', 'instruction'))
b'<?test instruction?>'
Issue #2746
>>> ET.tostring(ET.PI('test', '<testing&>'))
b'<?test <testing&>?>'
>>> ET.tostring(ET.PI('test', '<testing&>\xe3'), 'latin-1')
b"<?xml version='1.0' encoding='latin-1'?>\\n<?test <testing&>\\xe3?>"
"""
#
# xinclude tests (samples from appendix C of the xinclude specification)
XINCLUDE = {}
XINCLUDE["C1.xml"] = """\
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<document xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<p>120 Mz is adequate for an average home user.</p>
<xi:include href="disclaimer.xml"/>
</document>
"""
XINCLUDE["disclaimer.xml"] = """\
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<disclaimer>
<p>The opinions represented herein represent those of the individual
and should not be interpreted as official policy endorsed by this
organization.</p>
</disclaimer>
"""
XINCLUDE["C2.xml"] = """\
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<document xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<p>This document has been accessed
<xi:include href="count.txt" parse="text"/> times.</p>
</document>
"""
XINCLUDE["count.txt"] = "324387"
XINCLUDE["C2b.xml"] = """\
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<document xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<p>This document has been <em>accessed</em>
<xi:include href="count.txt" parse="text"/> times.</p>
</document>
"""
XINCLUDE["C3.xml"] = """\
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<document xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<p>The following is the source of the "data.xml" resource:</p>
<example><xi:include href="data.xml" parse="text"/></example>
</document>
"""
XINCLUDE["data.xml"] = """\
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<data>
<item><![CDATA[Brooks & Shields]]></item>
</data>
"""
XINCLUDE["C5.xml"] = """\
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<div xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<xi:include href="example.txt" parse="text">
<xi:fallback>
<xi:include href="fallback-example.txt" parse="text">
<xi:fallback><a href="mailto:bob@example.org">Report error</a></xi:fallback>
</xi:include>
</xi:fallback>
</xi:include>
</div>
"""
XINCLUDE["default.xml"] = """\
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<document xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<p>Example.</p>
<xi:include href="{}"/>
</document>
""".format(html.escape(SIMPLE_XMLFILE, True))
def xinclude_loader(href, parse="xml", encoding=None):
try:
data = XINCLUDE[href]
except KeyError:
raise OSError("resource not found")
if parse == "xml":
data = ET.XML(data)
return data
def xinclude():
r"""
Basic inclusion example (XInclude C.1)
>>> from xml.etree import ElementInclude
>>> document = xinclude_loader("C1.xml")
>>> ElementInclude.include(document, xinclude_loader)
>>> print(serialize(document)) # C1
<document>
<p>120 Mz is adequate for an average home user.</p>
<disclaimer>
<p>The opinions represented herein represent those of the individual
and should not be interpreted as official policy endorsed by this
organization.</p>
</disclaimer>
</document>
Textual inclusion example (XInclude C.2)
>>> document = xinclude_loader("C2.xml")
>>> ElementInclude.include(document, xinclude_loader)
>>> print(serialize(document)) # C2
<document>
<p>This document has been accessed
324387 times.</p>
</document>
Textual inclusion after sibling element (based on modified XInclude C.2)
>>> document = xinclude_loader("C2b.xml")
>>> ElementInclude.include(document, xinclude_loader)
>>> print(serialize(document)) # C2b
<document>
<p>This document has been <em>accessed</em>
324387 times.</p>
</document>
Textual inclusion of XML example (XInclude C.3)
>>> document = xinclude_loader("C3.xml")
>>> ElementInclude.include(document, xinclude_loader)
>>> print(serialize(document)) # C3
<document>
<p>The following is the source of the "data.xml" resource:</p>
<example>&lt;?xml version='1.0'?&gt;
&lt;data&gt;
&lt;item&gt;&lt;![CDATA[Brooks &amp; Shields]]&gt;&lt;/item&gt;
&lt;/data&gt;
</example>
</document>
Fallback example (XInclude C.5)
Note! Fallback support is not yet implemented
>>> document = xinclude_loader("C5.xml")
>>> ElementInclude.include(document, xinclude_loader)
Traceback (most recent call last):
OSError: resource not found
>>> # print(serialize(document)) # C5
"""
#
# badly formatted xi:include tags
XINCLUDE_BAD = {}
XINCLUDE_BAD["B1.xml"] = """\
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<document xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<p>120 Mz is adequate for an average home user.</p>
<xi:include href="disclaimer.xml" parse="BAD_TYPE"/>
</document>
"""
XINCLUDE_BAD["B2.xml"] = """\
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<div xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<xi:fallback></xi:fallback>
</div>
"""
def xinclude_failures():
r"""
Test failure to locate included XML file.
>>> from xml.etree import ElementInclude
>>> def none_loader(href, parser, encoding=None):
... return None
>>> document = ET.XML(XINCLUDE["C1.xml"])
>>> ElementInclude.include(document, loader=none_loader)
Traceback (most recent call last):
xml.etree.ElementInclude.FatalIncludeError: cannot load 'disclaimer.xml' as 'xml'
Test failure to locate included text file.
>>> document = ET.XML(XINCLUDE["C2.xml"])
>>> ElementInclude.include(document, loader=none_loader)
Traceback (most recent call last):
xml.etree.ElementInclude.FatalIncludeError: cannot load 'count.txt' as 'text'
Test bad parse type.
>>> document = ET.XML(XINCLUDE_BAD["B1.xml"])
>>> ElementInclude.include(document, loader=none_loader)
Traceback (most recent call last):
xml.etree.ElementInclude.FatalIncludeError: unknown parse type in xi:include tag ('BAD_TYPE')
Test xi:fallback outside xi:include.
>>> document = ET.XML(XINCLUDE_BAD["B2.xml"])
>>> ElementInclude.include(document, loader=none_loader)
Traceback (most recent call last):
xml.etree.ElementInclude.FatalIncludeError: xi:fallback tag must be child of xi:include ('{http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude}fallback')
"""
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# reported bugs
def bug_xmltoolkit21():
"""
marshaller gives obscure errors for non-string values
>>> elem = ET.Element(123)
>>> serialize(elem) # tag
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError: cannot serialize 123 (type int)
>>> elem = ET.Element("elem")
>>> elem.text = 123
>>> serialize(elem) # text
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError: cannot serialize 123 (type int)
>>> elem = ET.Element("elem")
>>> elem.tail = 123
>>> serialize(elem) # tail
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError: cannot serialize 123 (type int)
>>> elem = ET.Element("elem")
>>> elem.set(123, "123")
>>> serialize(elem) # attribute key
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError: cannot serialize 123 (type int)
>>> elem = ET.Element("elem")
>>> elem.set("123", 123)
>>> serialize(elem) # attribute value
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError: cannot serialize 123 (type int)
"""
def bug_xmltoolkit25():
"""
typo in ElementTree.findtext
>>> elem = ET.XML(SAMPLE_XML)
>>> tree = ET.ElementTree(elem)
>>> tree.findtext("tag")
'text'
>>> tree.findtext("section/tag")
'subtext'
"""
def bug_xmltoolkit28():
"""
.//tag causes exceptions
>>> tree = ET.XML("<doc><table><tbody/></table></doc>")
>>> summarize_list(tree.findall(".//thead"))
[]
>>> summarize_list(tree.findall(".//tbody"))
['tbody']
"""
def bug_xmltoolkitX1():
"""
dump() doesn't flush the output buffer
>>> tree = ET.XML("<doc><table><tbody/></table></doc>")
>>> ET.dump(tree); print("tail")
<doc><table><tbody /></table></doc>
tail
"""
def bug_xmltoolkit39():
"""
non-ascii element and attribute names doesn't work
>>> tree = ET.XML(b"<?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?><t\\xe4g />")
>>> ET.tostring(tree, "utf-8")
b'<t\\xc3\\xa4g />'
>>> tree = ET.XML(b"<?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?><tag \\xe4ttr='v&#228;lue' />")
>>> tree.attrib
{'\\xe4ttr': 'v\\xe4lue'}
>>> ET.tostring(tree, "utf-8")
b'<tag \\xc3\\xa4ttr="v\\xc3\\xa4lue" />'
>>> tree = ET.XML(b"<?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?><t\\xe4g>text</t\\xe4g>")
>>> ET.tostring(tree, "utf-8")
b'<t\\xc3\\xa4g>text</t\\xc3\\xa4g>'
>>> tree = ET.Element("t\u00e4g")
>>> ET.tostring(tree, "utf-8")
b'<t\\xc3\\xa4g />'
>>> tree = ET.Element("tag")
>>> tree.set("\u00e4ttr", "v\u00e4lue")
>>> ET.tostring(tree, "utf-8")
b'<tag \\xc3\\xa4ttr="v\\xc3\\xa4lue" />'
"""
def bug_xmltoolkit54():
"""
problems handling internally defined entities
>>> e = ET.XML("<!DOCTYPE doc [<!ENTITY ldots '&#x8230;'>]><doc>&ldots;</doc>")
>>> serialize(e, encoding="us-ascii")
b'<doc>&#33328;</doc>'
>>> serialize(e)
'<doc>\u8230</doc>'
"""
def bug_xmltoolkit55():
"""
make sure we're reporting the first error, not the last
>>> normalize_exception(ET.XML, b"<!DOCTYPE doc SYSTEM 'doc.dtd'><doc>&ldots;&ndots;&rdots;</doc>")
Traceback (most recent call last):
ParseError: undefined entity &ldots;: line 1, column 36
"""
class ExceptionFile:
def read(self, x):
raise OSError
def xmltoolkit60():
"""
Handle crash in stream source.
>>> tree = ET.parse(ExceptionFile())
Traceback (most recent call last):
OSError
"""
XMLTOOLKIT62_DOC = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE patent-application-publication SYSTEM "pap-v15-2001-01-31.dtd" []>
<patent-application-publication>
<subdoc-abstract>
<paragraph id="A-0001" lvl="0">A new cultivar of Begonia plant named &lsquo;BCT9801BEG&rsquo;.</paragraph>
</subdoc-abstract>
</patent-application-publication>"""
def xmltoolkit62():
"""
Don't crash when using custom entities.
>>> xmltoolkit62()
'A new cultivar of Begonia plant named \u2018BCT9801BEG\u2019.'
"""
ENTITIES = {'rsquo': '\u2019', 'lsquo': '\u2018'}
parser = ET.XMLTreeBuilder()
parser.entity.update(ENTITIES)
parser.feed(XMLTOOLKIT62_DOC)
t = parser.close()
return t.find('.//paragraph').text
def xmltoolkit63():
"""
Check reference leak.
>>> xmltoolkit63()
>>> count = sys.getrefcount(None)
>>> for i in range(1000):
... xmltoolkit63()
>>> sys.getrefcount(None) - count
0
"""
tree = ET.TreeBuilder()
tree.start("tag", {})
tree.data("text")
tree.end("tag")
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
def bug_200708_newline():
r"""
Preserve newlines in attributes.
>>> e = ET.Element('SomeTag', text="def _f():\n return 3\n")
>>> ET.tostring(e)
b'<SomeTag text="def _f():&#10; return 3&#10;" />'
>>> ET.XML(ET.tostring(e)).get("text")
'def _f():\n return 3\n'
>>> ET.tostring(ET.XML(ET.tostring(e)))
b'<SomeTag text="def _f():&#10; return 3&#10;" />'
"""
def bug_200708_close():
"""
Test default builder.
>>> parser = ET.XMLParser() # default
>>> parser.feed("<element>some text</element>")
>>> summarize(parser.close())
'element'
Test custom builder.
>>> class EchoTarget:
... def close(self):
... return ET.Element("element") # simulate root
>>> parser = ET.XMLParser(EchoTarget())
>>> parser.feed("<element>some text</element>")
>>> summarize(parser.close())
'element'
"""
def bug_200709_default_namespace():
"""
>>> e = ET.Element("{default}elem")
>>> s = ET.SubElement(e, "{default}elem")
>>> serialize(e, default_namespace="default") # 1
'<elem xmlns="default"><elem /></elem>'
>>> e = ET.Element("{default}elem")
>>> s = ET.SubElement(e, "{default}elem")
>>> s = ET.SubElement(e, "{not-default}elem")
>>> serialize(e, default_namespace="default") # 2
'<elem xmlns="default" xmlns:ns1="not-default"><elem /><ns1:elem /></elem>'
>>> e = ET.Element("{default}elem")
>>> s = ET.SubElement(e, "{default}elem")
>>> s = ET.SubElement(e, "elem") # unprefixed name
>>> serialize(e, default_namespace="default") # 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
ValueError: cannot use non-qualified names with default_namespace option
"""
def bug_200709_register_namespace():
"""
>>> ET.tostring(ET.Element("{http://namespace.invalid/does/not/exist/}title"))
b'<ns0:title xmlns:ns0="http://namespace.invalid/does/not/exist/" />'
>>> ET.register_namespace("foo", "http://namespace.invalid/does/not/exist/")
>>> ET.tostring(ET.Element("{http://namespace.invalid/does/not/exist/}title"))
b'<foo:title xmlns:foo="http://namespace.invalid/does/not/exist/" />'
And the Dublin Core namespace is in the default list:
>>> ET.tostring(ET.Element("{http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/}title"))
b'<dc:title xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" />'
"""
def bug_200709_element_comment():
"""
Not sure if this can be fixed, really (since the serializer needs
ET.Comment, not cET.comment).
>>> a = ET.Element('a')
>>> a.append(ET.Comment('foo'))
>>> a[0].tag == ET.Comment
True
>>> a = ET.Element('a')
>>> a.append(ET.PI('foo'))
>>> a[0].tag == ET.PI
True
"""
def bug_200709_element_insert():
"""
>>> a = ET.Element('a')
>>> b = ET.SubElement(a, 'b')
>>> c = ET.SubElement(a, 'c')
>>> d = ET.Element('d')
>>> a.insert(0, d)
>>> summarize_list(a)
['d', 'b', 'c']
>>> a.insert(-1, d)
>>> summarize_list(a)
['d', 'b', 'd', 'c']
"""
def bug_200709_iter_comment():
"""
>>> a = ET.Element('a')
>>> b = ET.SubElement(a, 'b')
>>> comment_b = ET.Comment("TEST-b")
>>> b.append(comment_b)
>>> summarize_list(a.iter(ET.Comment))
['<Comment>']
"""
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# reported on bugs.python.org
def bug_1534630():
"""
>>> bob = ET.TreeBuilder()
>>> e = bob.data("data")
>>> e = bob.start("tag", {})
>>> e = bob.end("tag")
>>> e = bob.close()
>>> serialize(e)
'<tag />'
"""
def check_issue6233():
"""
>>> e = ET.XML(b"<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?><body>t\\xc3\\xa3g</body>")
>>> ET.tostring(e, 'ascii')
b"<?xml version='1.0' encoding='ascii'?>\\n<body>t&#227;g</body>"
>>> e = ET.XML(b"<?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?><body>t\\xe3g</body>")
>>> ET.tostring(e, 'ascii')
b"<?xml version='1.0' encoding='ascii'?>\\n<body>t&#227;g</body>"
"""
def check_issue3151():
"""
>>> e = ET.XML('<prefix:localname xmlns:prefix="${stuff}"/>')
>>> e.tag
'{${stuff}}localname'
>>> t = ET.ElementTree(e)
>>> ET.tostring(e)
b'<ns0:localname xmlns:ns0="${stuff}" />'
"""
def check_issue6565():
"""
>>> elem = ET.XML("<body><tag/></body>")
>>> summarize_list(elem)
['tag']
>>> newelem = ET.XML(SAMPLE_XML)
>>> elem[:] = newelem[:]
>>> summarize_list(elem)
['tag', 'tag', 'section']
"""
def check_issue10777():
"""
Registering a namespace twice caused a "dictionary changed size during
iteration" bug.
>>> ET.register_namespace('test10777', 'http://myuri/')
>>> ET.register_namespace('test10777', 'http://myuri/')
"""
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
class BasicElementTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test_augmentation_type_errors(self):
e = ET.Element('joe')
self.assertRaises(TypeError, e.append, 'b')
self.assertRaises(TypeError, e.extend, [ET.Element('bar'), 'foo'])
self.assertRaises(TypeError, e.insert, 0, 'foo')
def test_cyclic_gc(self):
class Dummy:
pass
# Test the shortest cycle: d->element->d
d = Dummy()
d.dummyref = ET.Element('joe', attr=d)
wref = weakref.ref(d)
del d
gc_collect()
self.assertIsNone(wref())
# A longer cycle: d->e->e2->d
e = ET.Element('joe')
d = Dummy()
d.dummyref = e
wref = weakref.ref(d)
e2 = ET.SubElement(e, 'foo', attr=d)
del d, e, e2
gc_collect()
self.assertIsNone(wref())
# A cycle between Element objects as children of one another
# e1->e2->e3->e1
e1 = ET.Element('e1')
e2 = ET.Element('e2')
e3 = ET.Element('e3')
e1.append(e2)
e2.append(e2)
e3.append(e1)
wref = weakref.ref(e1)
del e1, e2, e3
gc_collect()
self.assertIsNone(wref())
def test_weakref(self):
flag = False
def wref_cb(w):
nonlocal flag
flag = True
e = ET.Element('e')
wref = weakref.ref(e, wref_cb)
self.assertEqual(wref().tag, 'e')
del e
self.assertEqual(flag, True)
self.assertEqual(wref(), None)
class ElementTreeTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test_istype(self):
self.assertIsInstance(ET.ParseError, type)
self.assertIsInstance(ET.QName, type)
self.assertIsInstance(ET.ElementTree, type)
self.assertIsInstance(ET.Element, type)
self.assertIsInstance(ET.TreeBuilder, type)
self.assertIsInstance(ET.XMLParser, type)
def test_Element_subclass_trivial(self):
class MyElement(ET.Element):
pass
mye = MyElement('foo')
self.assertIsInstance(mye, ET.Element)
self.assertIsInstance(mye, MyElement)
self.assertEqual(mye.tag, 'foo')
# test that attribute assignment works (issue 14849)
mye.text = "joe"
self.assertEqual(mye.text, "joe")
def test_Element_subclass_constructor(self):
class MyElement(ET.Element):
def __init__(self, tag, attrib={}, **extra):
super(MyElement, self).__init__(tag + '__', attrib, **extra)
mye = MyElement('foo', {'a': 1, 'b': 2}, c=3, d=4)
self.assertEqual(mye.tag, 'foo__')
self.assertEqual(sorted(mye.items()),
[('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3), ('d', 4)])
def test_Element_subclass_new_method(self):
class MyElement(ET.Element):
def newmethod(self):
return self.tag
mye = MyElement('joe')
self.assertEqual(mye.newmethod(), 'joe')
class ElementIterTest(unittest.TestCase):
def _ilist(self, elem, tag=None):
return summarize_list(elem.iter(tag))
def test_basic(self):
doc = ET.XML("<html><body>this is a <i>paragraph</i>.</body>..</html>")
self.assertEqual(self._ilist(doc), ['html', 'body', 'i'])
self.assertEqual(self._ilist(doc.find('body')), ['body', 'i'])
self.assertEqual(next(doc.iter()).tag, 'html')
self.assertEqual(''.join(doc.itertext()), 'this is a paragraph...')
self.assertEqual(''.join(doc.find('body').itertext()),
'this is a paragraph.')
self.assertEqual(next(doc.itertext()), 'this is a ')
# iterparse should return an iterator
sourcefile = serialize(doc, to_string=False)
self.assertEqual(next(ET.iterparse(sourcefile))[0], 'end')
tree = ET.ElementTree(None)
self.assertRaises(AttributeError, tree.iter)
def test_corners(self):
# single root, no subelements
a = ET.Element('a')
self.assertEqual(self._ilist(a), ['a'])
# one child
b = ET.SubElement(a, 'b')
self.assertEqual(self._ilist(a), ['a', 'b'])
# one child and one grandchild
c = ET.SubElement(b, 'c')
self.assertEqual(self._ilist(a), ['a', 'b', 'c'])
# two children, only first with grandchild
d = ET.SubElement(a, 'd')
self.assertEqual(self._ilist(a), ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
# replace first child by second
a[0] = a[1]
del a[1]
self.assertEqual(self._ilist(a), ['a', 'd'])
def test_iter_by_tag(self):
doc = ET.XML('''
<document>
<house>
<room>bedroom1</room>
<room>bedroom2</room>
</house>
<shed>nothing here
</shed>
<house>
<room>bedroom8</room>
</house>
</document>''')
self.assertEqual(self._ilist(doc, 'room'), ['room'] * 3)
self.assertEqual(self._ilist(doc, 'house'), ['house'] * 2)
# make sure both tag=None and tag='*' return all tags
all_tags = ['document', 'house', 'room', 'room',
'shed', 'house', 'room']
self.assertEqual(self._ilist(doc), all_tags)
self.assertEqual(self._ilist(doc, '*'), all_tags)
class TreeBuilderTest(unittest.TestCase):
sample1 = ('<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC'
' "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"'
' "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">'
'<html>text</html>')
sample2 = '''<toplevel>sometext</toplevel>'''
def test_dummy_builder(self):
class BaseDummyBuilder:
def close(self):
return 42
class DummyBuilder(BaseDummyBuilder):
data = start = end = lambda *a: None
parser = ET.XMLParser(target=DummyBuilder())
parser.feed(self.sample1)
self.assertEqual(parser.close(), 42)
parser = ET.XMLParser(target=BaseDummyBuilder())
parser.feed(self.sample1)
self.assertEqual(parser.close(), 42)
parser = ET.XMLParser(target=object())
parser.feed(self.sample1)
self.assertIsNone(parser.close())
def test_subclass(self):
class MyTreeBuilder(ET.TreeBuilder):
def foobar(self, x):
return x * 2
tb = MyTreeBuilder()
self.assertEqual(tb.foobar(10), 20)
parser = ET.XMLParser(target=tb)
parser.feed(self.sample1)
e = parser.close()
self.assertEqual(e.tag, 'html')
def test_element_factory(self):
lst = []
def myfactory(tag, attrib):
nonlocal lst
lst.append(tag)
return ET.Element(tag, attrib)
tb = ET.TreeBuilder(element_factory=myfactory)
parser = ET.XMLParser(target=tb)
parser.feed(self.sample2)
parser.close()
self.assertEqual(lst, ['toplevel'])
def test_doctype(self):
class DoctypeParser:
_doctype = None
def doctype(self, name, pubid, system):
self._doctype = (name, pubid, system)
def close(self):
return self._doctype
parser = ET.XMLParser(target=DoctypeParser())
parser.feed(self.sample1)
self.assertEqual(parser.close(),
('html', '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN',
'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd'))
class XincludeTest(unittest.TestCase):
def _my_loader(self, href, parse):
# Used to avoid a test-dependency problem where the default loader
# of ElementInclude uses the pyET parser for cET tests.
if parse == 'xml':
with open(href, 'rb') as f:
return ET.parse(f).getroot()
else:
return None
def test_xinclude_default(self):
from xml.etree import ElementInclude
doc = xinclude_loader('default.xml')
ElementInclude.include(doc, self._my_loader)
s = serialize(doc)
self.assertEqual(s.strip(), '''<document>
<p>Example.</p>
<root>
<element key="value">text</element>
<element>text</element>tail
<empty-element />
</root>
</document>''')
class XMLParserTest(unittest.TestCase):
sample1 = '<file><line>22</line></file>'
sample2 = ('<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC'
' "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"'
' "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">'
'<html>text</html>')
def _check_sample_element(self, e):
self.assertEqual(e.tag, 'file')
self.assertEqual(e[0].tag, 'line')
self.assertEqual(e[0].text, '22')
def test_constructor_args(self):
# Positional args. The first (html) is not supported, but should be
# nevertheless correctly accepted.
parser = ET.XMLParser(None, ET.TreeBuilder(), 'utf-8')
parser.feed(self.sample1)
self._check_sample_element(parser.close())
# Now as keyword args.
parser2 = ET.XMLParser(encoding='utf-8', html=[{}], target=ET.TreeBuilder())
parser2.feed(self.sample1)
self._check_sample_element(parser2.close())
def test_subclass(self):
class MyParser(ET.XMLParser):
pass
parser = MyParser()
parser.feed(self.sample1)
self._check_sample_element(parser.close())
def test_subclass_doctype(self):
_doctype = None
class MyParserWithDoctype(ET.XMLParser):
def doctype(self, name, pubid, system):
nonlocal _doctype
_doctype = (name, pubid, system)
parser = MyParserWithDoctype()
parser.feed(self.sample2)
parser.close()
self.assertEqual(_doctype,
('html', '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN',
'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd'))
class NamespaceParseTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test_find_with_namespace(self):
nsmap = {'h': 'hello', 'f': 'foo'}
doc = ET.fromstring(SAMPLE_XML_NS_ELEMS)
self.assertEqual(len(doc.findall('{hello}table', nsmap)), 1)
self.assertEqual(len(doc.findall('.//{hello}td', nsmap)), 2)
self.assertEqual(len(doc.findall('.//{foo}name', nsmap)), 1)
class ElementSlicingTest(unittest.TestCase):
def _elem_tags(self, elemlist):
return [e.tag for e in elemlist]
def _subelem_tags(self, elem):
return self._elem_tags(list(elem))
def _make_elem_with_children(self, numchildren):
"""Create an Element with a tag 'a', with the given amount of children
named 'a0', 'a1' ... and so on.
"""
e = ET.Element('a')
for i in range(numchildren):
ET.SubElement(e, 'a%s' % i)
return e
def test_getslice_single_index(self):
e = self._make_elem_with_children(10)
self.assertEqual(e[1].tag, 'a1')
self.assertEqual(e[-2].tag, 'a8')
self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: e[12])
def test_getslice_range(self):
e = self._make_elem_with_children(6)
self.assertEqual(self._elem_tags(e[3:]), ['a3', 'a4', 'a5'])
self.assertEqual(self._elem_tags(e[3:6]), ['a3', 'a4', 'a5'])
self.assertEqual(self._elem_tags(e[3:16]), ['a3', 'a4', 'a5'])
self.assertEqual(self._elem_tags(e[3:5]), ['a3', 'a4'])
self.assertEqual(self._elem_tags(e[3:-1]), ['a3', 'a4'])
self.assertEqual(self._elem_tags(e[:2]), ['a0', 'a1'])
def test_getslice_steps(self):
e = self._make_elem_with_children(10)
self.assertEqual(self._elem_tags(e[8:10:1]), ['a8', 'a9'])
self.assertEqual(self._elem_tags(e[::3]), ['a0', 'a3', 'a6', 'a9'])
self.assertEqual(self._elem_tags(e[::8]), ['a0', 'a8'])
self.assertEqual(self._elem_tags(e[1::8]), ['a1', 'a9'])
def test_getslice_negative_steps(self):
e = self._make_elem_with_children(4)
self.assertEqual(self._elem_tags(e[::-1]), ['a3', 'a2', 'a1', 'a0'])
self.assertEqual(self._elem_tags(e[::-2]), ['a3', 'a1'])
def test_delslice(self):
e = self._make_elem_with_children(4)
del e[0:2]
self.assertEqual(self._subelem_tags(e), ['a2', 'a3'])
e = self._make_elem_with_children(4)
del e[0:]
self.assertEqual(self._subelem_tags(e), [])
e = self._make_elem_with_children(4)
del e[::-1]
self.assertEqual(self._subelem_tags(e), [])
e = self._make_elem_with_children(4)
del e[::-2]
self.assertEqual(self._subelem_tags(e), ['a0', 'a2'])
e = self._make_elem_with_children(4)
del e[1::2]
self.assertEqual(self._subelem_tags(e), ['a0', 'a2'])
e = self._make_elem_with_children(2)
del e[::2]
self.assertEqual(self._subelem_tags(e), ['a1'])
class StringIOTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test_read_from_stringio(self):
tree = ET.ElementTree()
stream = io.StringIO()
stream.write('''<?xml version="1.0"?><site></site>''')
stream.seek(0)
tree.parse(stream)
self.assertEqual(tree.getroot().tag, 'site')
class ParseErrorTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test_subclass(self):
self.assertIsInstance(ET.ParseError(), SyntaxError)
def _get_error(self, s):
try:
ET.fromstring(s)
except ET.ParseError as e:
return e
def test_error_position(self):
self.assertEqual(self._get_error('foo').position, (1, 0))
self.assertEqual(self._get_error('<tag>&foo;</tag>').position, (1, 5))
self.assertEqual(self._get_error('foobar<').position, (1, 6))
def test_error_code(self):
import xml.parsers.expat.errors as ERRORS
self.assertEqual(self._get_error('foo').code,
ERRORS.codes[ERRORS.XML_ERROR_SYNTAX])
class KeywordArgsTest(unittest.TestCase):
# Test various issues with keyword arguments passed to ET.Element
# constructor and methods
def test_issue14818(self):
x = ET.XML("<a>foo</a>")
self.assertEqual(x.find('a', None),
x.find(path='a', namespaces=None))
self.assertEqual(x.findtext('a', None, None),
x.findtext(path='a', default=None, namespaces=None))
self.assertEqual(x.findall('a', None),
x.findall(path='a', namespaces=None))
self.assertEqual(list(x.iterfind('a', None)),
list(x.iterfind(path='a', namespaces=None)))
self.assertEqual(ET.Element('a').attrib, {})
elements = [
ET.Element('a', dict(href="#", id="foo")),
ET.Element('a', attrib=dict(href="#", id="foo")),
ET.Element('a', dict(href="#"), id="foo"),
ET.Element('a', href="#", id="foo"),
ET.Element('a', dict(href="#", id="foo"), href="#", id="foo"),
]
for e in elements:
self.assertEqual(e.tag, 'a')
self.assertEqual(e.attrib, dict(href="#", id="foo"))
e2 = ET.SubElement(elements[0], 'foobar', attrib={'key1': 'value1'})
self.assertEqual(e2.attrib['key1'], 'value1')
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'must be dict, not str'):
ET.Element('a', "I'm not a dict")
with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'must be dict, not str'):
ET.Element('a', attrib="I'm not a dict")
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
@unittest.skipUnless(pyET, 'only for the Python version')
class NoAcceleratorTest(unittest.TestCase):
# Test that the C accelerator was not imported for pyET
def test_correct_import_pyET(self):
self.assertEqual(pyET.Element.__module__, 'xml.etree.ElementTree')
self.assertEqual(pyET.SubElement.__module__, 'xml.etree.ElementTree')
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
class CleanContext(object):
"""Provide default namespace mapping and path cache."""
checkwarnings = None
def __init__(self, quiet=False):
if sys.flags.optimize >= 2:
# under -OO, doctests cannot be run and therefore not all warnings
# will be emitted
quiet = True
deprecations = (
# Search behaviour is broken if search path starts with "/".
("This search is broken in 1.3 and earlier, and will be fixed "
"in a future version. If you rely on the current behaviour, "
"change it to '.+'", FutureWarning),
# Element.getchildren() and Element.getiterator() are deprecated.
("This method will be removed in future versions. "
"Use .+ instead.", DeprecationWarning),
("This method will be removed in future versions. "
"Use .+ instead.", PendingDeprecationWarning))
self.checkwarnings = support.check_warnings(*deprecations, quiet=quiet)
def __enter__(self):
from xml.etree import ElementPath
self._nsmap = ET.register_namespace._namespace_map
# Copy the default namespace mapping
self._nsmap_copy = self._nsmap.copy()
# Copy the path cache (should be empty)
self._path_cache = ElementPath._cache
ElementPath._cache = self._path_cache.copy()
self.checkwarnings.__enter__()
def __exit__(self, *args):
from xml.etree import ElementPath
# Restore mapping and path cache
self._nsmap.clear()
self._nsmap.update(self._nsmap_copy)
ElementPath._cache = self._path_cache
self.checkwarnings.__exit__(*args)
def test_main(module=None):
# When invoked without a module, runs the Python ET tests by loading pyET.
# Otherwise, uses the given module as the ET.
if module is None:
global pyET
pyET = import_fresh_module('xml.etree.ElementTree',
blocked=['_elementtree'])
module = pyET
global ET
ET = module
test_classes = [
ElementSlicingTest,
BasicElementTest,
StringIOTest,
ParseErrorTest,
XincludeTest,
ElementTreeTest,
ElementIterTest,
TreeBuilderTest,
]
# These tests will only run for the pure-Python version that doesn't import
# _elementtree. We can't use skipUnless here, because pyET is filled in only
# after the module is loaded.
if pyET:
test_classes.extend([
NoAcceleratorTest,
])
try:
support.run_unittest(*test_classes)
# XXX the C module should give the same warnings as the Python module
with CleanContext(quiet=(module is not pyET)):
support.run_doctest(sys.modules[__name__], verbosity=True)
finally:
# don't interfere with subsequent tests
ET = pyET = None
if __name__ == '__main__':
test_main()
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