419 lines
12 KiB
TeX
419 lines
12 KiB
TeX
\section{\module{curses} ---
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Terminal independant console handling}
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\declaremodule{extension}{curses}
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\sectionauthor{Moshe Zadka}{mzadka@geocities.com}
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\modulesynopsis{An interface to the curses library.}
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The \module{curses} module provides an interface to the curses \UNIX{}
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library, the de-facto standard for portable advanced terminal
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handling.
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While curses is most widely used in the \UNIX{} environment, versions
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are available for DOS, OS/2, and possibly other systems as well. The
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extension module has not been tested with all available versions of
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curses.
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\begin{seealso}
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\seetext{Tutorial material on using curses with Python is available
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on the Python Web site as Andrew Kuchling's
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\citetitle[http://www.python.org/doc/howto/curses/curses.html]{Curses
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Programming with Python}, at
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\url{http://www.python.org/doc/howto/curses/curses.html}.}
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\end{seealso}
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\subsection{Constants and Functions \label{curses-functions}}
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The \module{curses} module defines the following data members:
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\begin{datadesc}{version}
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A string representing the current version of the module.
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{datadesc}{A_NORMAL}
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Normal attribute.
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{datadesc}{A_STANDOUT}
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Standout mode.
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{datadesc}{A_UNDERLINE}
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Underline mode.
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{datadesc}{A_BLINK}
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Blink mode.
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{datadesc}{A_DIM}
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Dim mode.
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{datadesc}{A_BOLD}
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Bold mode.
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{datadesc}{A_ALTCHARSET}
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Alternate character set mode.
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{datadesc}{KEY_*}
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Names for various keys. The exact names available are system dependant.
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{datadesc}{ACS_*}
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Names for various characters:
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\constant{ACS_ULCORNER}, \constant{ACS_LLCORNER},
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\constant{ACS_URCORNER}, \constant{ACS_LRCORNER}, \constant{ACS_RTEE},
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\constant{ACS_LTEE}, \constant{ACS_BTEE}, \constant{ACS_TTEE},
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\constant{ACS_HLINE}, \constant{ACS_VLINE}, \constant{ACS_PLUS},
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\constant{ACS_S1}, \constant{ACS_S9}, \constant{ACS_DIAMOND},
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\constant{ACS_CKBOARD}, \constant{ACS_DEGREE}, \constant{ACS_PLMINUS},
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\constant{ACS_BULLET}, \constant{ACS_LARROW}, \constant{ACS_RARROW},
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\constant{ACS_DARROW}.
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\strong{Note:} These are available only after \function{initscr()} has
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been called.
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\end{datadesc}
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The module \module{curses} defines the following exception:
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\begin{excdesc}{error}
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Curses function returned an error status.
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\end{excdesc}
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\strong{Note:} Whenever \var{x} or \var{y} arguments to a function
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or a method are optional, they default to the current cursor location.
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Whenever \var{attr} is optional, it defaults to \constant{A_NORMAL}.
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The module \module{curses} defines the following functions:
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\begin{funcdesc}{initscr}{}
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Initialize the library. Returns a \class{WindowObject} which represents
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the whole screen.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{endwin}{}
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De-initialize the library, and return terminal to normal status.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{isendwin}{}
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Returns true if \function{endwin()} has been called.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{doupdate}{}
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Update the screen.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{newwin}{\optional{nlines, ncols,} begin_y, begin_x}
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Return a new window, whose left-upper corner is at
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\code{(\var{begin_y}, \var{begin_x})}, and whose height/width is
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\var{nlines}/\var{ncols}.
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By default, the window will extend from the
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specified position to the lower right corner of the screen.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{beep}{}
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Emit a short sound.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{flash}{}
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Flash the screen.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{ungetch}{ch}
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Push \var{ch} so the next \method{getch()} will return it; \var{ch} is
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an integer specifying the character to be pushed.
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\strong{Note:} only one \var{ch} can be pushed before \method{getch()}
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is called.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{flushinp}{}
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Flush all input buffers.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{cbreak}{}
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Enter cbreak mode.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{nocbreak}{}
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Leave cbreak mode.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{echo}{}
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Enter echo mode.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{noecho}{}
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Leave echo mode.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{nl}{}
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Enter nl mode.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{nonl}{}
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Leave nl mode.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{raw}{}
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Enter raw mode.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{noraw}{}
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Leave raw mode.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{meta}{yes}
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If \var{yes} is 1, allow 8-bit characters. If \var{yes} is 0,
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allow only 7-bit chars.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{keyname}{k}
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Return the name of the key numbered \var{k}.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\subsection{Window Objects \label{curses-window-objects}}
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Window objects, as returned by \function{initscr()} and
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\function{newwin()} above, have the
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following methods:
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\begin{methoddesc}{refresh}{}
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Update the display immediately (sync actual screen with previous
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drawing/deleting methods).
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{nooutrefresh}{}
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Mark for refresh but wait.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{mvwin}{new_y, new_x}
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Move the window so its upper-left corner is at \code{(\var{new_y}, \var{new_x})}.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{move}{new_y, new_x}
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Move cursor to \code{(\var{new_y}, \var{new_x})}.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{subwin}{\optional{nlines, ncols,} begin_y, begin_y}
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Return a sub-window, whose upper-left corner is at
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\code{(\var{begin_y}, \var{begin_x})}, and whose width/height is
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\var{ncols}/\var{nlines}.
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By default, the sub-window will extend from the
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specified position to the lower right corner of the window.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{addch}{\optional{y, x,} ch\optional{, attr}}
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\strong{Note:} A \emph{character} means a C character (i.e., an
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\ASCII{} code), rather then a Python character (a string of length 1).
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(This note is true whenever the documentation mentions a character.)
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Paint character \var{ch} at \code{(\var{y}, \var{x})} with attributes
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\var{attr}, overwriting any character previously painter at that
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location. By default, the character position and attributes are the
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current settings for the window object.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{insch}{\optional{y, x,} ch\optional{, attr}}
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Paint character \var{ch} at \code{(\var{y}, \var{x})} with attributes
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\var{attr}, moving the line from position \var{x} right by one
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character.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{delch}{\optional{x, y}}
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Delete any character at \code{(\var{y}, \var{x})}.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{echochar}{ch\optional{, attr}}
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Add character \var{ch} with attribute \var{attr}, and immediately
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call \method{refresh}.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{addstr}{\optional{y, x,} str\optional{, attr}}
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Paint string \var{str} at \code{(\var{y}, \var{x})} with attributes
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\var{attr}, overwriting anything previously on the display.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{attron}{attr}
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Turn on attribute \var{attr}.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{attroff}{attr}
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Turn off attribute \var{attr}.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{setattr}{attr}
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Set the current attributes to \var{attr}.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{standend}{}
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Turn off all attributes.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{standout}{}
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Turn on attribute \var{A_STANDOUT}.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{border}{\optional{ls\optional{, rs\optional{, ts\optional{,
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bs\optional{, tl\optional{, tr\optional{,
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bl\optional{, br}}}}}}}}}
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Draw a border around the edges of the window. Each parameter specifies
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the character to use for a specific part of the border; see the table
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below for more details. The characters must be specified as integers;
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using one-character strings will cause \exception{TypeError} to be
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raised.
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\strong{Note:} A \code{0} value for any parameter will cause the
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default character to be used for that parameter. Keyword parameters
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can \emph{not} be used. The defaults are listed in this table:
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\begin{tableiii}{l|l|l}{var}{Parameter}{Description}{Default value}
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\lineiii{ls}{Left side}{\constant{ACS_VLINE}}
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\lineiii{rs}{Right side}{\constant{ACS_VLINE}}
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\lineiii{ts}{Top}{\constant{ACS_HLINE}}
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\lineiii{bs}{Bottom}{\constant{ACS_HLINE}}
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\lineiii{tl}{Upper-left corner}{\constant{ACS_ULCORNER}}
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\lineiii{tr}{Upper-right corner}{\constant{ACS_URCORNER}}
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\lineiii{bl}{Bottom-left corner}{\constant{ACS_BLCORNER}}
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\lineiii{br}{Bottom-right corner}{\constant{ACS_BRCORNER}}
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\end{tableiii}
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{box}{\optional{vertch, horch}}
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Similar to \method{border()}, but both \var{ls} and \var{rs} are
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\var{vertch} and both \var{ts} and {bs} are \var{horch}. The default
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corner characters are always used by this function.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{hline}{\optional{y, x,} ch, n}
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Display a horizontal line starting at \code{(\var{y}, \var{x})} with
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length \var{n} consisting of the character \var{ch}.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{vline}{\optional{y, x,} ch, n}
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Display a vertical line starting at \code{(\var{y}, \var{x})} with
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length \var{n} consisting of the character \var{ch}.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{erase}{}
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Clear the screen.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{deletln}{}
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Delete the line under the cursor. All following lines are moved up
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by 1 line.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{insertln}{}
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Insert a blank line under the cursor. All following lines are moved
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down by 1 line.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{getyx}{}
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Return a tuple \code{(\var{y}, \var{x})} of current cursor position.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{getbegyx}{}
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Return a tuple \code{(\var{y}, \var{x})} of co-ordinates of upper-left
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corner.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{getmaxyx}{}
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Return a tuple \code{(\var{y}, \var{x})} of the height and width of
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the window.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{clear}{}
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Like \method{erase()}, but also causes the whole screen to be repainted
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upon next call to \method{refresh()}.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{clrtobot}{}
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Erase from cursor to the end of the screen: all lines below the cursor
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are deleted, and then the equivalent of \method{clrtoeol()} is performed.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{clrtoeol}{}
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Erase from cursor to the end of the line.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{scroll}{\optional{lines\code{ = 1}}}
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Scroll the screen upward by \var{lines} lines.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{touchwin}{}
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Pretend the whole window has been changed, for purposes of drawing
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optimizations.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{touchline}{start, count}
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Pretend \var{count} lines have been changed, starting with line
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\var{start}.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{getch}{\optional{x, y}}
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Get a character. Note that the integer returned does \emph{not} have to
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be in \ASCII{} range: function keys, keypad keys and so on return numbers
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higher then 256. In no-delay mode, an exception is raised if there is
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no input.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{getstr}{\optional{x, y}}
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Read a string from the user, with primitive line editing capacity.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{inch}{\optional{x, y}}
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Return the character at the given position in the window. The bottom
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8 bits are the character proper, and upper bits are the attributes.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{clearok}{yes}
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If \var{yes} is 1, the next call to \method{refresh()}
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will clear the screen completely.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{idlok}{yes}
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If called with \var{yes} equal to 1, \module{curses} will try and use
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hardware line editing facilities. Otherwise, line insertion/deletion
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are disabled.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{leaveok}{yes}
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If \var{yes} is 1,
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cursor is left where it is, instead of being at ``cursor position.''
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This reduces cursor movement where possible. If possible it will be made
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invisible.
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If \var{yes} is 0, cursor will always be at
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``cursor position'' after an update.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{setscrreg}{top, bottom}
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Set the scrolling region from line \var{top} to line \var{bottom}. All
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scrolling actions will take place in this region.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{keypad}{yes}
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If \var{yes} is 1, escape sequences generated by some keys (keypad,
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function keys) will be interpreted by \module{curses}.
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If \var{yes} is 0, escape sequences will be left as is in the input
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stream.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{nodelay}{yes}
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If \var{yes} is 1, \method{getch()} will be non-blocking.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}{notimeout}{yes}
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If \var{yes} is 1, escape sequences will not be timed out.
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If \var{yes} is 0, after a few milliseconds, an escape sequence will
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not be interpreted, and will be left in the input stream as is.
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\end{methoddesc}
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