Go to file
Georg Brandl d343286386 Blocked revisions 83320-83323,83326-83327,83329,83339,83342-83343,83348-83351,83359-83361,83375,83394,83399,83406 via svnmerge
........
  r83320 | georg.brandl | 2010-07-31 11:01:16 +0200 (Sa, 31 Jul 2010) | 1 line

  Update copyright years and add releases to release list.  Also update Sphinx version number.
........
  r83321 | georg.brandl | 2010-07-31 11:03:30 +0200 (Sa, 31 Jul 2010) | 1 line

  At least give IDLE 3.1 a release date.  No further entries there for 3.2 though.
........
  r83322 | tarek.ziade | 2010-07-31 11:10:51 +0200 (Sa, 31 Jul 2010) | 1 line

  reverted distutils doc to its 3.1 state
........
  r83323 | georg.brandl | 2010-07-31 11:15:10 +0200 (Sa, 31 Jul 2010) | 1 line

  After distutils doc reversal, change back **bold todo** items to XXX comments.
........
  r83326 | georg.brandl | 2010-07-31 12:08:09 +0200 (Sa, 31 Jul 2010) | 1 line

  Avoid triggering DeprecationWarnings in test_smtpd and smtpd.
........
  r83327 | raymond.hettinger | 2010-07-31 12:11:39 +0200 (Sa, 31 Jul 2010) | 1 line

  Add functools.lfu_cache() and functools.lru_cache().
........
  r83329 | georg.brandl | 2010-07-31 12:16:21 +0200 (Sa, 31 Jul 2010) | 1 line

  Revert r83327.  This will have to wait until after the alpha1 release.
........
  r83339 | georg.brandl | 2010-07-31 13:00:47 +0200 (Sa, 31 Jul 2010) | 1 line

  Rewrap.
........
  r83342 | georg.brandl | 2010-07-31 13:52:46 +0200 (Sa, 31 Jul 2010) | 1 line

  Import test_pdb with its full name, so that running python -m test.test_pdb succeeds.
........
  r83343 | georg.brandl | 2010-07-31 14:06:51 +0200 (Sa, 31 Jul 2010) | 1 line

  From Martin: New UUIDs for the 3.2 release series.
........
  r83348 | georg.brandl | 2010-07-31 20:05:35 +0200 (Sa, 31 Jul 2010) | 1 line

  Post-release updates.
........
  r83349 | antoine.pitrou | 2010-07-31 20:08:33 +0200 (Sa, 31 Jul 2010) | 3 lines

  Add ssl changes to the 3.2 "what's new".
........
  r83350 | georg.brandl | 2010-07-31 20:09:23 +0200 (Sa, 31 Jul 2010) | 1 line

  Re-commit r83327 now that the release is done.
........
  r83351 | georg.brandl | 2010-07-31 20:09:46 +0200 (Sa, 31 Jul 2010) | 1 line

  Move news item to the correct position.
........
  r83359 | georg.brandl | 2010-07-31 22:08:15 +0200 (Sa, 31 Jul 2010) | 1 line

  #1286: allow using fileinput.FileInput as context manager.
........
  r83360 | georg.brandl | 2010-07-31 22:13:44 +0200 (Sa, 31 Jul 2010) | 1 line

  Clarify comment in comments test case explaining comment semantics.
........
  r83361 | georg.brandl | 2010-07-31 23:04:00 +0200 (Sa, 31 Jul 2010) | 1 line

  #3788: more tests for http.cookies, now at 95% coverage.  Also bring coding style in the module up to PEP 8, where it does not break backwards compatibility.
........
  r83375 | antoine.pitrou | 2010-08-01 00:48:02 +0200 (So, 01 Aug 2010) | 3 lines

  Reorder entries by module lexicographic order
........
  r83394 | georg.brandl | 2010-08-01 10:46:24 +0200 (So, 01 Aug 2010) | 1 line

  No need to split this, there are enough long lines.
........
  r83399 | georg.brandl | 2010-08-01 11:17:53 +0200 (So, 01 Aug 2010) | 1 line

  Package some new files that are needed for running the test suite from the MSI package.
........
  r83406 | georg.brandl | 2010-08-01 16:50:00 +0200 (So, 01 Aug 2010) | 1 line

  #8046: add context manager protocol support to mmap objects.  Also add closed property.
........
2010-08-01 19:23:36 +00:00
Demo Merged revisions 83393,83396,83398,83404-83405,83408 via svnmerge from 2010-08-01 18:56:30 +00:00
Doc Merged revisions 83325,83328,83341 via svnmerge from 2010-08-01 19:21:34 +00:00
Grammar Merged revisions 73196,73278-73280,73299,73308,73312-73313,73317-73318,73321,73324,73331,73335,73340,73363 via svnmerge from 2009-06-11 22:54:11 +00:00
Include Merged revisions 82966 via svnmerge from 2010-07-19 13:00:48 +00:00
Lib Merged revisions 83352,83355-83358,83362,83366,83368-83369 via svnmerge from 2010-08-01 19:17:57 +00:00
Mac Merged revisions 80659 via svnmerge from 2010-04-30 15:13:51 +00:00
Misc Merged revisions 83352,83355-83358,83362,83366,83368-83369 via svnmerge from 2010-08-01 19:17:57 +00:00
Modules Merged revisions 83325,83328,83341 via svnmerge from 2010-08-01 19:21:34 +00:00
Objects Merged revisions 83395,83417 via svnmerge from 2010-08-01 18:59:44 +00:00
PC Merged revisions 81843 via svnmerge from 2010-06-08 21:00:35 +00:00
PCbuild Recorded merge of revisions 81032 via svnmerge from 2010-05-09 16:14:21 +00:00
Parser Merged revisions 81288 via svnmerge from 2010-05-18 13:51:07 +00:00
Python Merged revisions 83352,83355-83358,83362,83366,83368-83369 via svnmerge from 2010-08-01 19:17:57 +00:00
Tools Recorded merge of revisions 81032 via svnmerge from 2010-05-09 16:14:21 +00:00
.bzrignore Merged revisions 74126,74130-74131,74149,74155,74157,74180-74183,74398 via svnmerge from 2009-08-13 09:34:05 +00:00
.hgignore Merged revisions 79161 via svnmerge from 2010-03-21 19:10:15 +00:00
.hgtags tag Python 3.1.2 2010-03-20 20:49:45 +00:00
LICENSE Merged revisions 79957 via svnmerge from 2010-04-16 23:26:56 +00:00
Makefile.pre.in Merged revisions 83370,83372-83374,83384 via svnmerge from 2010-08-01 19:09:07 +00:00
README version becomes 3.1.2 2010-03-20 20:47:27 +00:00
configure Revert temporary debugging commit from r82756. 2010-07-19 07:35:16 +00:00
configure.in Revert temporary debugging commit from r82756. 2010-07-19 07:35:16 +00:00
install-sh Patch #746366: Update to current automake install-sh. Will backport to 2.2. 2003-06-14 06:58:32 +00:00
pyconfig.h.in run autoreconf 2010-06-21 16:51:22 +00:00
runtests.sh Really commit the patch for bug 4125; runtests.sh use -bb flag 2008-10-17 12:05:40 +00:00
setup.py Merged revisions 82927 via svnmerge from 2010-07-17 11:48:58 +00:00

README

This is Python version 3.1.2
============================

Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010
Python Software Foundation.
All rights reserved.

Python 3.x is a new version of the language, which is incompatible with the
2.x line of releases.  The language is mostly the same, but many details,
especially how built-in objects like dictionaries and strings work, have
changed considerably, and a lot of deprecated features have finally been
removed.


Build Instructions
------------------

On Unix, Linux, BSD, OSX, and Cygwin:

    ./configure
    make
    make test
    sudo make install

This will install Python as python3.

You can pass many options to the configure script; run "./configure
--help" to find out more.  On OSX and Cygwin, the executable is called
python.exe; elsewhere it's just python.

On Mac OS X, if you have configured Python with --enable-framework,
you should use "make frameworkinstall" to do the installation.  Note
that this installs the Python executable in a place that is not
normally on your PATH, you may want to set up a symlink in
/usr/local/bin.

On Windows, see PCbuild/readme.txt.

If you wish, you can create a subdirectory and invoke configure from
there.  For example:

    mkdir debug
    cd debug
    ../configure --with-pydebug
    make
    make test

(This will fail if you *also* built at the top-level directory.  You
should do a "make clean" at the toplevel first.)


What's New
----------

We try to have a comprehensive overview of the changes in the "What's New in
Python 3.1" document, found at

    http://docs.python.org/dev/3.1/whatsnew/3.1.html

For a more detailed change log, read Misc/NEWS (though this file, too,
is incomplete, and also doesn't list anything merged in from the 2.7
release under development).

If you want to install multiple versions of Python see the section below
entitled "Installing multiple versions".


Documentation
-------------

Documentation for Python 3.1 is online, updated twice a day:

    http://docs.python.org/dev/3.1/

All documentation is also available online at the Python web site
(http://docs.python.org/, see below).  It is available online for
occasional reference, or can be downloaded in many formats for faster
access.  The documentation is downloadable in HTML, PostScript, PDF,
LaTeX (through 2.5), and reStructuredText (2.6+) formats; the LaTeX and
reStructuredText versions are primarily for documentation authors,
translators, and people with special formatting requirements.


Converting From Python 2.x to 3.x
---------------------------------

Python starting with 2.6 will contain features to help locating code that
needs to be changed, such as optional warnings when deprecated features are
used, and backported versions of certain key Python 3.x features.

A source-to-source translation tool, "2to3", can take care of the mundane task
of converting large amounts of source code.  It is not a complete solution but
is complemented by the deprecation warnings in 2.6.  See
http://docs.python.org/dev/py3k/library/2to3.html for more information.


Testing
-------

To test the interpreter, type "make test" in the top-level directory.
This runs the test set twice (once with no compiled files, once with
the compiled files left by the previous test run).  The test set
produces some output.  You can generally ignore the messages about
skipped tests due to optional features which can't be imported.
If a message is printed about a failed test or a traceback or core
dump is produced, something is wrong.  On some Linux systems (those
that are not yet using glibc 6), test_strftime fails due to a
non-standard implementation of strftime() in the C library. Please
ignore this, or upgrade to glibc version 6.

By default, tests are prevented from overusing resources like disk space and
memory.  To enable these tests, run "make testall".

IMPORTANT: If the tests fail and you decide to mail a bug report,
*don't* include the output of "make test".  It is useless.  Run the
failing test manually, as follows:

        ./python Lib/test/regrtest.py -v test_whatever

(substituting the top of the source tree for '.' if you built in a
different directory).  This runs the test in verbose mode.


Installing multiple versions
----------------------------

On Unix and Mac systems if you intend to install multiple versions of Python
using the same installation prefix (--prefix argument to the configure
script) you must take care that your primary python executable is not
overwritten by the installation of a different version.  All files and
directories installed using "make altinstall" contain the major and minor
version and can thus live side-by-side.  "make install" also creates
${prefix}/bin/python3 which refers to ${prefix}/bin/pythonX.Y.  If you intend
to install multiple versions using the same prefix you must decide which
version (if any) is your "primary" version.  Install that version using
"make install".  Install all other versions using "make altinstall".

For example, if you want to install Python 2.5, 2.6 and 3.0 with 2.6 being
the primary version, you would execute "make install" in your 2.6 build
directory and "make altinstall" in the others.


Issue Tracker and Mailing List
------------------------------

We're soliciting bug reports about all aspects of the language.  Fixes
are also welcome, preferable in unified diff format.  Please use the
issue tracker:

    http://bugs.python.org/

If you're not sure whether you're dealing with a bug or a feature, use
the mailing list:

    python-dev@python.org

To subscribe to the list, use the mailman form:

    http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-dev/


Proposals for enhancement
-------------------------

If you have a proposal to change Python, you may want to send an email to the
comp.lang.python or python-ideas mailing lists for inital feedback. A Python
Enhancement Proposal (PEP) may be submitted if your idea gains ground. All
current PEPs, as well as guidelines for submitting a new PEP, are listed at
http://www.python.org/dev/peps/.


Release Schedule
----------------

See PEP 375 for release details: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0375/


Copyright and License Information
---------------------------------

Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
Python Software Foundation.
All rights reserved.

Copyright (c) 2000 BeOpen.com.
All rights reserved.

Copyright (c) 1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives.
All rights reserved.

Copyright (c) 1991-1995 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum.
All rights reserved.

See the file "LICENSE" for information on the history of this
software, terms & conditions for usage, and a DISCLAIMER OF ALL
WARRANTIES.

This Python distribution contains *no* GNU General Public License
(GPL) code, so it may be used in proprietary projects.  There are
interfaces to some GNU code but these are entirely optional.

All trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective
holders.