1408 lines
56 KiB
ReStructuredText
1408 lines
56 KiB
ReStructuredText
:mod:`ttk` --- Tk themed widgets
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================================
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.. module:: ttk
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:synopsis: Tk themed widget set
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.. sectionauthor:: Guilherme Polo <ggpolo@gmail.com>
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.. index:: single: ttk
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The :mod:`ttk` module provides access to the Tk themed widget set, which has
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been introduced in Tk 8.5. If Python is not compiled against Tk 8.5 code may
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still use this module as long as Tile is installed. However, some features
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provided by the new Tk, like anti-aliased font rendering under X11, window
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transparency (on X11 you will need a composition window manager) will be
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missing.
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The basic idea of :mod:`ttk` is to separate, to the extent possible, the code
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implementing a widget's behavior from the code implementing its appearance.
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.. seealso::
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`Tk Widget Styling Support <https://www.tcl.tk/cgi-bin/tct/tip/48>`_
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The document which brought up theming support for Tk
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Using Ttk
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---------
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To start using Ttk, import its module::
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import ttk
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But code like this::
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from Tkinter import *
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may optionally want to use this::
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from Tkinter import *
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from ttk import *
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And then several :mod:`ttk` widgets (:class:`Button`, :class:`Checkbutton`,
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:class:`Entry`, :class:`Frame`, :class:`Label`, :class:`LabelFrame`,
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:class:`Menubutton`, :class:`PanedWindow`, :class:`Radiobutton`, :class:`Scale`
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and :class:`Scrollbar`) will automatically substitute for the Tk widgets.
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This has the direct benefit of using the new widgets, giving better look & feel
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across platforms, but be aware that they are not totally compatible. The main
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difference is that widget options such as "fg", "bg" and others related to
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widget styling are no longer present in Ttk widgets. Use :class:`ttk.Style` to
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achieve the same (or better) styling.
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.. seealso::
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`Converting existing applications to use the Tile widgets <http://tktable.sourceforge.net/tile/doc/converting.txt>`_
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A text which talks in Tcl terms about differences typically found when
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converting applications to use the new widgets.
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Ttk Widgets
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-----------
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Ttk comes with 17 widgets, 11 of which already exist in Tkinter:
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:class:`Button`, :class:`Checkbutton`, :class:`Entry`, :class:`Frame`,
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:class:`Label`, :class:`LabelFrame`, :class:`Menubutton`,
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:class:`PanedWindow`, :class:`Radiobutton`, :class:`Scale` and
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:class:`Scrollbar`. The 6 new widget classes are: :class:`Combobox`,
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:class:`Notebook`, :class:`Progressbar`, :class:`Separator`,
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:class:`Sizegrip` and :class:`Treeview`. All of these classes are
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subclasses of :class:`Widget`.
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As said previously, you will notice changes in look-and-feel as well in the
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styling code. To demonstrate the latter, a very simple example is shown below.
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Tk code::
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l1 = Tkinter.Label(text="Test", fg="black", bg="white")
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l2 = Tkinter.Label(text="Test", fg="black", bg="white")
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Corresponding Ttk code::
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style = ttk.Style()
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style.configure("BW.TLabel", foreground="black", background="white")
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l1 = ttk.Label(text="Test", style="BW.TLabel")
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l2 = ttk.Label(text="Test", style="BW.TLabel")
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For more information about TtkStyling_ read the :class:`Style` class
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documentation.
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Widget
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------
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:class:`ttk.Widget` defines standard options and methods supported by Tk
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themed widgets and is not supposed to be directly instantiated.
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Standard Options
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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All the :mod:`ttk` widgets accept the following options:
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+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
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| Option | Description |
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+===========+==============================================================+
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| class | Specifies the window class. The class is used when querying |
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| | the option database for the window's other options, to |
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| | determine the default bindtags for the window, and to select |
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| | the widget's default layout and style. This is a read-only |
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| | option which may only be specified when the window is |
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| | created. |
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+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
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| cursor | Specifies the mouse cursor to be used for the widget. If set |
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| | to the empty string (the default), the cursor is inherited |
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| | from the parent widget. |
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+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
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| takefocus | Determines whether the window accepts the focus during |
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| | keyboard traversal. 0, 1 or an empty string is returned. |
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| | If 0, the window should be skipped entirely |
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| | during keyboard traversal. If 1, the window |
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| | should receive the input focus as long as it is viewable. |
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| | An empty string means that the traversal scripts make the |
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| | decision about whether or not to focus on the window. |
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+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
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| style | May be used to specify a custom widget style. |
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+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
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Scrollable Widget Options
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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The following options are supported by widgets that are controlled by a
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scrollbar.
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+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
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| option | description |
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+================+=========================================================+
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| xscrollcommand | Used to communicate with horizontal scrollbars. |
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| | |
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| | When the view in the widget's window changes, the widget|
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| | will generate a Tcl command based on the scrollcommand. |
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| | |
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| | Usually this option consists of the |
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| | :meth:`Scrollbar.set` method of some scrollbar. This |
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| | will cause |
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| | the scrollbar to be updated whenever the view in the |
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| | window changes. |
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+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
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| yscrollcommand | Used to communicate with vertical scrollbars. |
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| | For more information, see above. |
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+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
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Label Options
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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The following options are supported by labels, buttons and other button-like
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widgets.
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.. tabularcolumns:: |p{0.2\textwidth}|p{0.7\textwidth}|
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..
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+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
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| option | description |
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+==============+===========================================================+
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| text | Specifies a text string to be displayed inside the widget.|
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+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
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| textvariable | Specifies a name whose value will be used in place of the |
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| | text option resource. |
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+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
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| underline | If set, specifies the index (0-based) of a character to |
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| | underline in the text string. The underline character is |
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| | used for mnemonic activation. |
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+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
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| image | Specifies an image to display. This is a list of 1 or more|
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| | elements. The first element is the default image name. The|
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| | rest of the list is a sequence of statespec/value pairs as|
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| | defined by :meth:`Style.map`, specifying different images |
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| | to use when the widget is in a particular state or a |
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| | combination of states. All images in the list should have |
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| | the same size. |
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+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
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| compound | Specifies how to display the image relative to the text, |
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| | in the case both text and image options are present. |
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| | Valid values are: |
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| | |
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| | * text: display text only |
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| | * image: display image only |
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| | * top, bottom, left, right: display image above, below, |
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| | left of, or right of the text, respectively. |
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| | * none: the default. display the image if present, |
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| | otherwise the text. |
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+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
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| width | If greater than zero, specifies how much space, in |
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| | character widths, to allocate for the text label; if less |
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| | than zero, specifies a minimum width. If zero or |
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| | unspecified, the natural width of the text label is used. |
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+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
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Compatibility Options
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
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| option | description |
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+========+================================================================+
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| state | May be set to "normal" or "disabled" to control the "disabled" |
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| | state bit. This is a write-only option: setting it changes the |
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| | widget state, but the :meth:`Widget.state` method does not |
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| | affect this option. |
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+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
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Widget States
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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The widget state is a bitmap of independent state flags.
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+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
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| flag | description |
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+============+=============================================================+
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| active | The mouse cursor is over the widget and pressing a mouse |
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| | button will cause some action to occur. |
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+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
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| disabled | Widget is disabled under program control. |
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+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
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| focus | Widget has keyboard focus. |
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+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
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| pressed | Widget is being pressed. |
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+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
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| selected | "On", "true", or "current" for things like Checkbuttons and |
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| | radiobuttons. |
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+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
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| background | Windows and Mac have a notion of an "active" or foreground |
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| | window. The *background* state is set for widgets in a |
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| | background window, and cleared for those in the foreground |
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| | window. |
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+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
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| readonly | Widget should not allow user modification. |
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+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
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| alternate | A widget-specific alternate display format. |
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+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
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| invalid | The widget's value is invalid. |
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+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
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A state specification is a sequence of state names, optionally prefixed with
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an exclamation point indicating that the bit is off.
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ttk.Widget
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^^^^^^^^^^
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Besides the methods described below, the :class:`ttk.Widget` class supports the
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:meth:`Tkinter.Widget.cget` and :meth:`Tkinter.Widget.configure` methods.
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.. class:: Widget
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.. method:: identify(x, y)
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Returns the name of the element at position *x* *y*, or the empty string
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if the point does not lie within any element.
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*x* and *y* are pixel coordinates relative to the widget.
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.. method:: instate(statespec, callback=None, *args, **kw)
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Test the widget's state. If a callback is not specified, returns ``True``
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if the widget state matches *statespec* and ``False`` otherwise. If callback
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is specified then it is called with *args* if widget state matches
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*statespec*.
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.. method:: state([statespec=None])
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Modify or read widget state. If *statespec* is specified, sets the
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widget state accordingly and returns a new *statespec* indicating
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which flags were changed. If *statespec* is not specified, returns
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the currently-enabled state flags.
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*statespec* will usually be a list or a tuple.
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Combobox
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--------
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The :class:`ttk.Combobox` widget combines a text field with a pop-down list of
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values. This widget is a subclass of :class:`Entry`.
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Besides the methods inherited from :class:`Widget` (:meth:`Widget.cget`,
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:meth:`Widget.configure`, :meth:`Widget.identify`, :meth:`Widget.instate`
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and :meth:`Widget.state`) and those inherited from :class:`Entry`
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(:meth:`Entry.bbox`, :meth:`Entry.delete`, :meth:`Entry.icursor`,
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:meth:`Entry.index`, :meth:`Entry.insert`, :meth:`Entry.selection`,
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:meth:`Entry.xview`), this class has some other methods, described at
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:class:`ttk.Combobox`.
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Options
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^^^^^^^
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This widget accepts the following options:
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+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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| option | description |
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+=================+========================================================+
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| exportselection | Boolean value. If set, the widget selection is linked |
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| | to the Window Manager selection (which can be returned |
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| | by invoking :meth:`Misc.selection_get`, for example). |
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+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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| justify | Specifies how the text is aligned within the widget. |
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| | One of "left", "center", or "right". |
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+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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| height | Specifies the height of the pop-down listbox, in rows. |
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+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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| postcommand | A script (possibly registered with |
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| | :meth:`Misc.register`) that |
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| | is called immediately before displaying the values. It |
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| | may specify which values to display. |
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+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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| state | One of "normal", "readonly", or "disabled". In the |
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| | "readonly" state, the value may not be edited directly,|
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| | and the user can only select one of the values from the|
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| | dropdown list. In the "normal" state, the text field is|
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| | directly editable. In the "disabled" state, no |
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| | interaction is possible. |
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+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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| textvariable | Specifies a name whose value is linked to the widget |
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| | value. Whenever the value associated with that name |
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| | changes, the widget value is updated, and vice versa. |
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| | See :class:`Tkinter.StringVar`. |
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+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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| values | Specifies the list of values to display in the |
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| | drop-down listbox. |
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+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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| width | Specifies an integer value indicating the desired width|
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| | of the entry window, in average-size characters of the |
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| | widget's font. |
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+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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Virtual events
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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The combobox widget generates a **<<ComboboxSelected>>** virtual event
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when the user selects an element from the list of values.
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ttk.Combobox
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^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. class:: Combobox
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.. method:: current([newindex=None])
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If *newindex* is specified, sets the combobox value to the element
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position *newindex*. Otherwise, returns the index of the current value or
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-1 if the current value is not in the values list.
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.. method:: get()
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Returns the current value of the combobox.
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.. method:: set(value)
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Sets the value of the combobox to *value*.
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Notebook
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--------
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The Ttk Notebook widget manages a collection of windows and displays a single
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one at a time. Each child window is associated with a tab, which the user
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may select to change the currently-displayed window.
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Options
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^^^^^^^
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This widget accepts the following specific options:
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+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
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| option | description |
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+=========+================================================================+
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| height | If present and greater than zero, specifies the desired height |
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| | of the pane area (not including internal padding or tabs). |
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| | Otherwise, the maximum height of all panes is used. |
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+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
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| padding | Specifies the amount of extra space to add around the outside |
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| | of the notebook. The padding is a list of up to four length |
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| | specifications: left top right bottom. If fewer than four |
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| | elements are specified, bottom defaults to top, right defaults |
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| | to left, and top defaults to left. |
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+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
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| width | If present and greater than zero, specifies the desired width |
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| | of the pane area (not including internal padding). Otherwise, |
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| | the maximum width of all panes is used. |
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+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
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Tab Options
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^^^^^^^^^^^
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There are also specific options for tabs:
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+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
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| option | description |
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+===========+==============================================================+
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| state | Either "normal", "disabled" or "hidden". If "disabled", then |
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| | the tab is not selectable. If "hidden", then the tab is not |
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| | shown. |
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+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
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| sticky | Specifies how the child window is positioned within the pane |
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| | area. Value is a string containing zero or more of the |
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| | characters "n", "s", "e" or "w". Each letter refers to a |
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| | side (north, south, east or west) that the child window will |
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| | stick to, as per the :meth:`grid` geometry manager. |
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+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
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| padding | Specifies the amount of extra space to add between the |
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| | notebook and this pane. Syntax is the same as for the option |
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| | padding used by this widget. |
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+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
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| text | Specifies a text to be displayed in the tab. |
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+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
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| image | Specifies an image to display in the tab. See the option |
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| | image described in :class:`Widget`. |
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+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
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| compound | Specifies how to display the image relative to the text, in |
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| | the case both text and image options are present. See |
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| | `Label Options`_ for legal values. |
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+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
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| underline | Specifies the index (0-based) of a character to underline in |
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| | the text string. The underlined character is used for |
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| | mnemonic activation if :meth:`Notebook.enable_traversal` is |
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| | called. |
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+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
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Tab Identifiers
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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The *tab_id* present in several methods of :class:`ttk.Notebook` may take any
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of the following forms:
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* An integer between zero and the number of tabs.
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* The name of a child window.
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* A positional specification of the form "@x,y", which identifies the tab.
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* The literal string "current", which identifies the currently-selected tab.
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* The literal string "end", which returns the number of tabs (only valid for
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:meth:`Notebook.index`).
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Virtual Events
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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This widget generates a **<<NotebookTabChanged>>** virtual event after a new
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tab is selected.
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ttk.Notebook
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^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. class:: Notebook
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.. method:: add(child, **kw)
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Adds a new tab to the notebook.
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If window is currently managed by the notebook but hidden, it is
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restored to its previous position.
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See `Tab Options`_ for the list of available options.
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.. method:: forget(tab_id)
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Removes the tab specified by *tab_id*, unmaps and unmanages the
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associated window.
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.. method:: hide(tab_id)
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Hides the tab specified by *tab_id*.
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The tab will not be displayed, but the associated window remains
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managed by the notebook and its configuration remembered. Hidden tabs
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may be restored with the :meth:`add` command.
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.. method:: identify(x, y)
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Returns the name of the tab element at position *x*, *y*, or the empty
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string if none.
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.. method:: index(tab_id)
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Returns the numeric index of the tab specified by *tab_id*, or the total
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number of tabs if *tab_id* is the string "end".
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.. method:: insert(pos, child, **kw)
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Inserts a pane at the specified position.
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*pos* is either the string "end", an integer index, or the name of a
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managed child. If *child* is already managed by the notebook, moves it to
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the specified position.
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See `Tab Options`_ for the list of available options.
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.. method:: select([tab_id])
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Selects the specified *tab_id*.
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The associated child window will be displayed, and the
|
|
previously-selected window (if different) is unmapped. If *tab_id* is
|
|
omitted, returns the widget name of the currently selected pane.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: tab(tab_id, option=None, **kw)
|
|
|
|
Query or modify the options of the specific *tab_id*.
|
|
|
|
If *kw* is not given, returns a dictionary of the tab option values. If
|
|
*option* is specified, returns the value of that *option*. Otherwise,
|
|
sets the options to the corresponding values.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: tabs()
|
|
|
|
Returns a list of windows managed by the notebook.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: enable_traversal()
|
|
|
|
Enable keyboard traversal for a toplevel window containing this notebook.
|
|
|
|
This will extend the bindings for the toplevel window containing the
|
|
notebook as follows:
|
|
|
|
* :kbd:`Control-Tab`: selects the tab following the currently selected one.
|
|
* :kbd:`Shift-Control-Tab`: selects the tab preceding the currently selected one.
|
|
* :kbd:`Alt-K`: where *K* is the mnemonic (underlined) character of any tab, will
|
|
select that tab.
|
|
|
|
Multiple notebooks in a single toplevel may be enabled for traversal,
|
|
including nested notebooks. However, notebook traversal only works
|
|
properly if all panes have the notebook they are in as master.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Progressbar
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
|
The :class:`ttk.Progressbar` widget shows the status of a long-running
|
|
operation. It can operate in two modes: determinate mode shows the amount
|
|
completed relative to the total amount of work to be done, and indeterminate
|
|
mode provides an animated display to let the user know that something is
|
|
happening.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options
|
|
^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
This widget accepts the following specific options:
|
|
|
|
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| option | description |
|
|
+==========+===============================================================+
|
|
| orient | One of "horizontal" or "vertical". Specifies the orientation |
|
|
| | of the progress bar. |
|
|
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| length | Specifies the length of the long axis of the progress bar |
|
|
| | (width if horizontal, height if vertical). |
|
|
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| mode | One of "determinate" or "indeterminate". |
|
|
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| maximum | A number specifying the maximum value. Defaults to 100. |
|
|
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| value | The current value of the progress bar. In "determinate" mode, |
|
|
| | this represents the amount of work completed. In |
|
|
| | "indeterminate" mode, it is interpreted as modulo *maximum*; |
|
|
| | that is, the progress bar completes one "cycle" when its value|
|
|
| | increases by *maximum*. |
|
|
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| variable | A name which is linked to the option value. If specified, the |
|
|
| | value of the progress bar is automatically set to the value of|
|
|
| | this name whenever the latter is modified. |
|
|
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| phase | Read-only option. The widget periodically increments the value|
|
|
| | of this option whenever its value is greater than 0 and, in |
|
|
| | determinate mode, less than maximum. This option may be used |
|
|
| | by the current theme to provide additional animation effects. |
|
|
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
|
|
|
ttk.Progressbar
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
.. class:: Progressbar
|
|
|
|
.. method:: start([interval])
|
|
|
|
Begin autoincrement mode: schedules a recurring timer event that calls
|
|
:meth:`Progressbar.step` every *interval* milliseconds. If omitted,
|
|
*interval* defaults to 50 milliseconds.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: step([amount])
|
|
|
|
Increments the progress bar's value by *amount*.
|
|
|
|
*amount* defaults to 1.0 if omitted.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: stop()
|
|
|
|
Stop autoincrement mode: cancels any recurring timer event initiated by
|
|
:meth:`Progressbar.start` for this progress bar.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Separator
|
|
---------
|
|
|
|
The :class:`ttk.Separator` widget displays a horizontal or vertical separator
|
|
bar.
|
|
|
|
It has no other methods besides the ones inherited from :class:`ttk.Widget`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options
|
|
^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
This widget accepts the following specific option:
|
|
|
|
+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| option | description |
|
|
+========+================================================================+
|
|
| orient | One of "horizontal" or "vertical". Specifies the orientation of|
|
|
| | the separator. |
|
|
+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sizegrip
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
The :class:`ttk.Sizegrip` widget (also known as a grow box) allows the user to
|
|
resize the containing toplevel window by pressing and dragging the grip.
|
|
|
|
This widget has neither specific options nor specific methods, besides the
|
|
ones inherited from :class:`ttk.Widget`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Platform-specific notes
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
* On Mac OS X, toplevel windows automatically include a built-in size grip
|
|
by default. Adding a :class:`Sizegrip` is harmless, since the built-in
|
|
grip will just mask the widget.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bugs
|
|
^^^^
|
|
|
|
* If the containing toplevel's position was specified relative to the right
|
|
or bottom of the screen (e.g. ....), the :class:`Sizegrip` widget will
|
|
not resize the window.
|
|
* This widget supports only "southeast" resizing.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Treeview
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
The :class:`ttk.Treeview` widget displays a hierarchical collection of items.
|
|
Each item has a textual label, an optional image, and an optional list of data
|
|
values. The data values are displayed in successive columns after the tree
|
|
label.
|
|
|
|
The order in which data values are displayed may be controlled by setting
|
|
the widget option ``displaycolumns``. The tree widget can also display column
|
|
headings. Columns may be accessed by number or symbolic names listed in the
|
|
widget option columns. See `Column Identifiers`_.
|
|
|
|
Each item is identified by a unique name. The widget will generate item IDs
|
|
if they are not supplied by the caller. There is a distinguished root item,
|
|
named ``{}``. The root item itself is not displayed; its children appear at the
|
|
top level of the hierarchy.
|
|
|
|
Each item also has a list of tags, which can be used to associate event bindings
|
|
with individual items and control the appearance of the item.
|
|
|
|
The Treeview widget supports horizontal and vertical scrolling, according to
|
|
the options described in `Scrollable Widget Options`_ and the methods
|
|
:meth:`Treeview.xview` and :meth:`Treeview.yview`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options
|
|
^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
This widget accepts the following specific options:
|
|
|
|
.. tabularcolumns:: |p{0.2\textwidth}|p{0.7\textwidth}|
|
|
..
|
|
|
|
+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| option | description |
|
|
+================+========================================================+
|
|
| columns | A list of column identifiers, specifying the number of |
|
|
| | columns and their names. |
|
|
+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| displaycolumns | A list of column identifiers (either symbolic or |
|
|
| | integer indices) specifying which data columns are |
|
|
| | displayed and the order in which they appear, or the |
|
|
| | string "#all". |
|
|
+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| height | Specifies the number of rows which should be visible. |
|
|
| | Note: the requested width is determined from the sum |
|
|
| | of the column widths. |
|
|
+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| padding | Specifies the internal padding for the widget. The |
|
|
| | padding is a list of up to four length specifications. |
|
|
+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| selectmode | Controls how the built-in class bindings manage the |
|
|
| | selection. One of "extended", "browse" or "none". |
|
|
| | If set to "extended" (the default), multiple items may |
|
|
| | be selected. If "browse", only a single item will be |
|
|
| | selected at a time. If "none", the selection will not |
|
|
| | be changed. |
|
|
| | |
|
|
| | Note that the application code and tag bindings can set|
|
|
| | the selection however they wish, regardless of the |
|
|
| | value of this option. |
|
|
+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| show | A list containing zero or more of the following values,|
|
|
| | specifying which elements of the tree to display. |
|
|
| | |
|
|
| | * tree: display tree labels in column #0. |
|
|
| | * headings: display the heading row. |
|
|
| | |
|
|
| | The default is "tree headings", i.e., show all |
|
|
| | elements. |
|
|
| | |
|
|
| | **Note**: Column #0 always refers to the tree column, |
|
|
| | even if show="tree" is not specified. |
|
|
+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
|
|
|
Item Options
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
The following item options may be specified for items in the insert and item
|
|
widget commands.
|
|
|
|
+--------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| option | description |
|
|
+========+===============================================================+
|
|
| text | The textual label to display for the item. |
|
|
+--------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| image | A Tk Image, displayed to the left of the label. |
|
|
+--------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| values | The list of values associated with the item. |
|
|
| | |
|
|
| | Each item should have the same number of values as the widget |
|
|
| | option columns. If there are fewer values than columns, the |
|
|
| | remaining values are assumed empty. If there are more values |
|
|
| | than columns, the extra values are ignored. |
|
|
+--------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| open | True/False value indicating whether the item's children should|
|
|
| | be displayed or hidden. |
|
|
+--------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| tags | A list of tags associated with this item. |
|
|
+--------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tag Options
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
The following options may be specified on tags:
|
|
|
|
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| option | description |
|
|
+============+===========================================================+
|
|
| foreground | Specifies the text foreground color. |
|
|
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| background | Specifies the cell or item background color. |
|
|
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| font | Specifies the font to use when drawing text. |
|
|
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| image | Specifies the item image, in case the item's image option |
|
|
| | is empty. |
|
|
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
|
|
|
Column Identifiers
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
Column identifiers take any of the following forms:
|
|
|
|
* A symbolic name from the list of columns option.
|
|
* An integer n, specifying the nth data column.
|
|
* A string of the form #n, where n is an integer, specifying the nth display
|
|
column.
|
|
|
|
Notes:
|
|
|
|
* Item's option values may be displayed in a different order than the order
|
|
in which they are stored.
|
|
* Column #0 always refers to the tree column, even if show="tree" is not
|
|
specified.
|
|
|
|
A data column number is an index into an item's option values list; a display
|
|
column number is the column number in the tree where the values are displayed.
|
|
Tree labels are displayed in column #0. If option displaycolumns is not set,
|
|
then data column n is displayed in column #n+1. Again, **column #0 always
|
|
refers to the tree column**.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virtual Events
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
The Treeview widget generates the following virtual events.
|
|
|
|
+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| event | description |
|
|
+====================+==================================================+
|
|
| <<TreeviewSelect>> | Generated whenever the selection changes. |
|
|
+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| <<TreeviewOpen>> | Generated just before settings the focus item to |
|
|
| | open=True. |
|
|
+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| <<TreeviewClose>> | Generated just after setting the focus item to |
|
|
| | open=False. |
|
|
+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
|
The :meth:`Treeview.focus` and :meth:`Treeview.selection` methods can be used
|
|
to determine the affected item or items.
|
|
|
|
|
|
ttk.Treeview
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
.. class:: Treeview
|
|
|
|
.. method:: bbox(item, column=None)
|
|
|
|
Returns the bounding box (relative to the treeview widget's window) of
|
|
the specified *item* in the form (x, y, width, height).
|
|
|
|
If *column* is specified, returns the bounding box of that cell. If the
|
|
*item* is not visible (i.e., if it is a descendant of a closed item or is
|
|
scrolled offscreen), returns an empty string.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: get_children([item])
|
|
|
|
Returns the list of children belonging to *item*.
|
|
|
|
If *item* is not specified, returns root children.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: set_children(item, *newchildren)
|
|
|
|
Replaces *item*'s child with *newchildren*.
|
|
|
|
Children present in *item* that are not present in *newchildren* are
|
|
detached from the tree. No items in *newchildren* may be an ancestor of
|
|
*item*. Note that not specifying *newchildren* results in detaching
|
|
*item*'s children.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: column(column, option=None, **kw)
|
|
|
|
Query or modify the options for the specified *column*.
|
|
|
|
If *kw* is not given, returns a dict of the column option values. If
|
|
*option* is specified then the value for that *option* is returned.
|
|
Otherwise, sets the options to the corresponding values.
|
|
|
|
The valid options/values are:
|
|
|
|
* id
|
|
Returns the column name. This is a read-only option.
|
|
* anchor: One of the standard Tk anchor values.
|
|
Specifies how the text in this column should be aligned with respect
|
|
to the cell.
|
|
* minwidth: width
|
|
The minimum width of the column in pixels. The treeview widget will
|
|
not make the column any smaller than specified by this option when
|
|
the widget is resized or the user drags a column.
|
|
* stretch: True/False
|
|
Specifies whether the column's width should be adjusted when
|
|
the widget is resized.
|
|
* width: width
|
|
The width of the column in pixels.
|
|
|
|
To configure the tree column, call this with column = "#0"
|
|
|
|
.. method:: delete(*items)
|
|
|
|
Delete all specified *items* and all their descendants.
|
|
|
|
The root item may not be deleted.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: detach(*items)
|
|
|
|
Unlinks all of the specified *items* from the tree.
|
|
|
|
The items and all of their descendants are still present, and may be
|
|
reinserted at another point in the tree, but will not be displayed.
|
|
|
|
The root item may not be detached.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: exists(item)
|
|
|
|
Returns ``True`` if the specified *item* is present in the tree.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: focus([item=None])
|
|
|
|
If *item* is specified, sets the focus item to *item*. Otherwise, returns
|
|
the current focus item, or '' if there is none.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: heading(column, option=None, **kw)
|
|
|
|
Query or modify the heading options for the specified *column*.
|
|
|
|
If *kw* is not given, returns a dict of the heading option values. If
|
|
*option* is specified then the value for that *option* is returned.
|
|
Otherwise, sets the options to the corresponding values.
|
|
|
|
The valid options/values are:
|
|
|
|
* text: text
|
|
The text to display in the column heading.
|
|
* image: imageName
|
|
Specifies an image to display to the right of the column heading.
|
|
* anchor: anchor
|
|
Specifies how the heading text should be aligned. One of the standard
|
|
Tk anchor values.
|
|
* command: callback
|
|
A callback to be invoked when the heading label is pressed.
|
|
|
|
To configure the tree column heading, call this with column = "#0".
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: identify(component, x, y)
|
|
|
|
Returns a description of the specified *component* under the point given
|
|
by *x* and *y*, or the empty string if no such *component* is present at
|
|
that position.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: identify_row(y)
|
|
|
|
Returns the item ID of the item at position *y*.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: identify_column(x)
|
|
|
|
Returns the data column identifier of the cell at position *x*.
|
|
|
|
The tree column has ID #0.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: identify_region(x, y)
|
|
|
|
Returns one of:
|
|
|
|
+-----------+--------------------------------------+
|
|
| region | meaning |
|
|
+===========+======================================+
|
|
| heading | Tree heading area. |
|
|
+-----------+--------------------------------------+
|
|
| separator | Space between two columns headings. |
|
|
+-----------+--------------------------------------+
|
|
| tree | The tree area. |
|
|
+-----------+--------------------------------------+
|
|
| cell | A data cell. |
|
|
+-----------+--------------------------------------+
|
|
|
|
Availability: Tk 8.6.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: identify_element(x, y)
|
|
|
|
Returns the element at position *x*, *y*.
|
|
|
|
Availability: Tk 8.6.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: index(item)
|
|
|
|
Returns the integer index of *item* within its parent's list of children.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: insert(parent, index, iid=None, **kw)
|
|
|
|
Creates a new item and returns the item identifier of the newly created
|
|
item.
|
|
|
|
*parent* is the item ID of the parent item, or the empty string to create
|
|
a new top-level item. *index* is an integer, or the value "end",
|
|
specifying where in the list of parent's children to insert the new item.
|
|
If *index* is less than or equal to zero, the new node is inserted at
|
|
the beginning; if *index* is greater than or equal to the current number
|
|
of children, it is inserted at the end. If *iid* is specified, it is used
|
|
as the item identifier; *iid* must not already exist in the tree.
|
|
Otherwise, a new unique identifier is generated.
|
|
|
|
See `Item Options`_ for the list of available points.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: item(item[, option[, **kw]])
|
|
|
|
Query or modify the options for the specified *item*.
|
|
|
|
If no options are given, a dict with options/values for the item is
|
|
returned.
|
|
If *option* is specified then the value for that option is returned.
|
|
Otherwise, sets the options to the corresponding values as given by *kw*.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: move(item, parent, index)
|
|
|
|
Moves *item* to position *index* in *parent*'s list of children.
|
|
|
|
It is illegal to move an item under one of its descendants. If *index* is
|
|
less than or equal to zero, *item* is moved to the beginning; if greater
|
|
than or equal to the number of children, it is moved to the end. If *item*
|
|
was detached it is reattached.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: next(item)
|
|
|
|
Returns the identifier of *item*'s next sibling, or '' if *item* is the
|
|
last child of its parent.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: parent(item)
|
|
|
|
Returns the ID of the parent of *item*, or '' if *item* is at the top
|
|
level of the hierarchy.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: prev(item)
|
|
|
|
Returns the identifier of *item*'s previous sibling, or '' if *item* is
|
|
the first child of its parent.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: reattach(item, parent, index)
|
|
|
|
An alias for :meth:`Treeview.move`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: see(item)
|
|
|
|
Ensure that *item* is visible.
|
|
|
|
Sets all of *item*'s ancestors open option to ``True``, and scrolls the
|
|
widget if necessary so that *item* is within the visible portion of
|
|
the tree.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: selection([selop=None[, items=None]])
|
|
|
|
If *selop* is not specified, returns selected items. Otherwise, it will
|
|
act according to the following selection methods.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: selection_set(items)
|
|
|
|
*items* becomes the new selection.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: selection_add(items)
|
|
|
|
Add *items* to the selection.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: selection_remove(items)
|
|
|
|
Remove *items* from the selection.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: selection_toggle(items)
|
|
|
|
Toggle the selection state of each item in *items*.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: set(item, column=None, value=None)
|
|
|
|
With one argument, returns a dictionary of column/value pairs for the
|
|
specified *item*. With two arguments, returns the current value of the
|
|
specified *column*. With three arguments, sets the value of given
|
|
*column* in given *item* to the specified *value*.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: tag_bind(tagname, sequence=None, callback=None)
|
|
|
|
Bind a callback for the given event *sequence* to the tag *tagname*.
|
|
When an event is delivered to an item, the callbacks for each of the
|
|
item's tags option are called.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: tag_configure(tagname, option=None, **kw)
|
|
|
|
Query or modify the options for the specified *tagname*.
|
|
|
|
If *kw* is not given, returns a dict of the option settings for
|
|
*tagname*. If *option* is specified, returns the value for that *option*
|
|
for the specified *tagname*. Otherwise, sets the options to the
|
|
corresponding values for the given *tagname*.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: tag_has(tagname[, item])
|
|
|
|
If *item* is specified, returns 1 or 0 depending on whether the specified
|
|
*item* has the given *tagname*. Otherwise, returns a list of all items
|
|
that have the specified tag.
|
|
|
|
Availability: Tk 8.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: xview(*args)
|
|
|
|
Query or modify horizontal position of the treeview.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: yview(*args)
|
|
|
|
Query or modify vertical position of the treeview.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _TtkStyling:
|
|
|
|
Ttk Styling
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
|
Each widget in :mod:`ttk` is assigned a style, which specifies the set of
|
|
elements making up the widget and how they are arranged, along with dynamic and
|
|
default settings for element options. By default the style name is the same as
|
|
the widget's class name, but it may be overridden by the widget's style
|
|
option. If the class name of a widget is unknown, use the method
|
|
:meth:`Misc.winfo_class` (somewidget.winfo_class()).
|
|
|
|
.. seealso::
|
|
|
|
`Tcl'2004 conference presentation <http://tktable.sourceforge.net/tile/tile-tcl2004.pdf>`_
|
|
This document explains how the theme engine works
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. class:: Style
|
|
|
|
This class is used to manipulate the style database.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: configure(style, query_opt=None, **kw)
|
|
|
|
Query or set the default value of the specified option(s) in *style*.
|
|
|
|
Each key in *kw* is an option and each value is a string identifying
|
|
the value for that option.
|
|
|
|
For example, to change every default button to be a flat button with some
|
|
padding and a different background color do::
|
|
|
|
import ttk
|
|
import Tkinter
|
|
|
|
root = Tkinter.Tk()
|
|
|
|
ttk.Style().configure("TButton", padding=6, relief="flat",
|
|
background="#ccc")
|
|
|
|
btn = ttk.Button(text="Sample")
|
|
btn.pack()
|
|
|
|
root.mainloop()
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: map(style, query_opt=None, **kw)
|
|
|
|
Query or sets dynamic values of the specified option(s) in *style*.
|
|
|
|
Each key in *kw* is an option and each value should be a list or a
|
|
tuple (usually) containing statespecs grouped in tuples, lists, or
|
|
something else of your preference. A statespec is a compound of one
|
|
or more states and then a value.
|
|
|
|
An example::
|
|
|
|
import Tkinter
|
|
import ttk
|
|
|
|
root = Tkinter.Tk()
|
|
|
|
style = ttk.Style()
|
|
style.map("C.TButton",
|
|
foreground=[('pressed', 'red'), ('active', 'blue')],
|
|
background=[('pressed', '!disabled', 'black'), ('active', 'white')]
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
colored_btn = ttk.Button(text="Test", style="C.TButton").pack()
|
|
|
|
root.mainloop()
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note that the order of the (states, value) sequences for an
|
|
option matters. In the previous example, if you change the
|
|
order to ``[('active', 'blue'), ('pressed', 'red')]`` in the
|
|
foreground option, for example, you would get a blue foreground
|
|
when the widget is in the active or pressed states.
|
|
|
|
.. method:: lookup(style, option, state=None, default=None)
|
|
|
|
Returns the value specified for *option* in *style*.
|
|
|
|
If *state* is specified, it is expected to be a sequence of one or more
|
|
states. If the *default* argument is set, it is used as a fallback value
|
|
in case no specification for option is found.
|
|
|
|
To check what font a Button uses by default, do::
|
|
|
|
import ttk
|
|
|
|
print ttk.Style().lookup("TButton", "font")
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: layout(style, layoutspec=None)
|
|
|
|
Define the widget layout for given *style*. If *layoutspec* is omitted,
|
|
return the layout specification for given style.
|
|
|
|
*layoutspec*, if specified, is expected to be a list or some other
|
|
sequence type (excluding strings), where each item should be a tuple and
|
|
the first item is the layout name and the second item should have the
|
|
format described in `Layouts`_.
|
|
|
|
To understand the format, see the following example (it is not
|
|
intended to do anything useful)::
|
|
|
|
import ttk
|
|
import Tkinter
|
|
|
|
root = Tkinter.Tk()
|
|
|
|
style = ttk.Style()
|
|
style.layout("TMenubutton", [
|
|
("Menubutton.background", None),
|
|
("Menubutton.button", {"children":
|
|
[("Menubutton.focus", {"children":
|
|
[("Menubutton.padding", {"children":
|
|
[("Menubutton.label", {"side": "left", "expand": 1})]
|
|
})]
|
|
})]
|
|
}),
|
|
])
|
|
|
|
mbtn = ttk.Menubutton(text='Text')
|
|
mbtn.pack()
|
|
root.mainloop()
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: element_create(elementname, etype, *args, **kw)
|
|
|
|
Create a new element in the current theme, of the given *etype* which is
|
|
expected to be either "image", "from" or "vsapi". The latter is only
|
|
available in Tk 8.6a for Windows XP and Vista and is not described here.
|
|
|
|
If "image" is used, *args* should contain the default image name followed
|
|
by statespec/value pairs (this is the imagespec), and *kw* may have the
|
|
following options:
|
|
|
|
* border=padding
|
|
padding is a list of up to four integers, specifying the left, top,
|
|
right, and bottom borders, respectively.
|
|
|
|
* height=height
|
|
Specifies a minimum height for the element. If less than zero, the
|
|
base image's height is used as a default.
|
|
|
|
* padding=padding
|
|
Specifies the element's interior padding. Defaults to border's value
|
|
if not specified.
|
|
|
|
* sticky=spec
|
|
Specifies how the image is placed within the final parcel. spec
|
|
contains zero or more characters "n", "s", "w", or "e".
|
|
|
|
* width=width
|
|
Specifies a minimum width for the element. If less than zero, the
|
|
base image's width is used as a default.
|
|
|
|
If "from" is used as the value of *etype*,
|
|
:meth:`element_create` will clone an existing
|
|
element. *args* is expected to contain a themename, from which
|
|
the element will be cloned, and optionally an element to clone from.
|
|
If this element to clone from is not specified, an empty element will
|
|
be used. *kw* is discarded.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: element_names()
|
|
|
|
Returns the list of elements defined in the current theme.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: element_options(elementname)
|
|
|
|
Returns the list of *elementname*'s options.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: theme_create(themename, parent=None, settings=None)
|
|
|
|
Create a new theme.
|
|
|
|
It is an error if *themename* already exists. If *parent* is specified,
|
|
the new theme will inherit styles, elements and layouts from the parent
|
|
theme. If *settings* are present they are expected to have the same
|
|
syntax used for :meth:`theme_settings`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: theme_settings(themename, settings)
|
|
|
|
Temporarily sets the current theme to *themename*, apply specified
|
|
*settings* and then restore the previous theme.
|
|
|
|
Each key in *settings* is a style and each value may contain the keys
|
|
'configure', 'map', 'layout' and 'element create' and they are expected
|
|
to have the same format as specified by the methods
|
|
:meth:`Style.configure`, :meth:`Style.map`, :meth:`Style.layout` and
|
|
:meth:`Style.element_create` respectively.
|
|
|
|
As an example, let's change the Combobox for the default theme a bit::
|
|
|
|
import ttk
|
|
import Tkinter
|
|
|
|
root = Tkinter.Tk()
|
|
|
|
style = ttk.Style()
|
|
style.theme_settings("default", {
|
|
"TCombobox": {
|
|
"configure": {"padding": 5},
|
|
"map": {
|
|
"background": [("active", "green2"),
|
|
("!disabled", "green4")],
|
|
"fieldbackground": [("!disabled", "green3")],
|
|
"foreground": [("focus", "OliveDrab1"),
|
|
("!disabled", "OliveDrab2")]
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
combo = ttk.Combobox().pack()
|
|
|
|
root.mainloop()
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: theme_names()
|
|
|
|
Returns a list of all known themes.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: theme_use([themename])
|
|
|
|
If *themename* is not given, returns the theme in use. Otherwise, sets
|
|
the current theme to *themename*, refreshes all widgets and emits a
|
|
<<ThemeChanged>> event.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Layouts
|
|
^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
A layout can be just None, if it takes no options, or a dict of
|
|
options specifying how to arrange the element. The layout mechanism
|
|
uses a simplified version of the pack geometry manager: given an
|
|
initial cavity, each element is allocated a parcel. Valid
|
|
options/values are:
|
|
|
|
* side: whichside
|
|
Specifies which side of the cavity to place the element; one of
|
|
top, right, bottom or left. If omitted, the element occupies the
|
|
entire cavity.
|
|
|
|
* sticky: nswe
|
|
Specifies where the element is placed inside its allocated parcel.
|
|
|
|
* unit: 0 or 1
|
|
If set to 1, causes the element and all of its descendants to be treated as
|
|
a single element for the purposes of :meth:`Widget.identify` et al. It's
|
|
used for things like scrollbar thumbs with grips.
|
|
|
|
* children: [sublayout... ]
|
|
Specifies a list of elements to place inside the element. Each
|
|
element is a tuple (or other sequence type) where the first item is
|
|
the layout name, and the other is a `Layout`_.
|
|
|
|
.. _Layout: `Layouts`_
|