1295 lines
43 KiB
Python
1295 lines
43 KiB
Python
"""Open an arbitrary URL.
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See the following document for more info on URLs:
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"Names and Addresses, URIs, URLs, URNs, URCs", at
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http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/Addressing/Overview.html
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See also the HTTP spec (from which the error codes are derived):
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"HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol", at
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http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/Protocols/
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Related standards and specs:
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- RFC1808: the "relative URL" spec. (authoritative status)
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- RFC1738 - the "URL standard". (authoritative status)
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- RFC1630 - the "URI spec". (informational status)
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The object returned by URLopener().open(file) will differ per
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protocol. All you know is that is has methods read(), readline(),
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readlines(), fileno(), close() and info(). The read*(), fileno()
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and close() methods work like those of open files.
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The info() method returns a mimetools.Message object which can be
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used to query various info about the object, if available.
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(mimetools.Message objects are queried with the getheader() method.)
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"""
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import string
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import socket
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import os
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import sys
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import types
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__version__ = '1.15' # XXX This version is not always updated :-(
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MAXFTPCACHE = 10 # Trim the ftp cache beyond this size
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# Helper for non-unix systems
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if os.name == 'mac':
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from macurl2path import url2pathname, pathname2url
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elif os.name == 'nt':
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from nturl2path import url2pathname, pathname2url
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else:
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def url2pathname(pathname):
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return unquote(pathname)
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def pathname2url(pathname):
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return quote(pathname)
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# This really consists of two pieces:
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# (1) a class which handles opening of all sorts of URLs
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# (plus assorted utilities etc.)
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# (2) a set of functions for parsing URLs
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# XXX Should these be separated out into different modules?
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# Shortcut for basic usage
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_urlopener = None
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def urlopen(url, data=None):
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"""urlopen(url [, data]) -> open file-like object"""
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global _urlopener
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if not _urlopener:
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_urlopener = FancyURLopener()
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if data is None:
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return _urlopener.open(url)
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else:
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return _urlopener.open(url, data)
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def urlretrieve(url, filename=None, reporthook=None, data=None):
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global _urlopener
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if not _urlopener:
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_urlopener = FancyURLopener()
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return _urlopener.retrieve(url, filename, reporthook, data)
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def urlcleanup():
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if _urlopener:
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_urlopener.cleanup()
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ftpcache = {}
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class URLopener:
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"""Class to open URLs.
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This is a class rather than just a subroutine because we may need
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more than one set of global protocol-specific options.
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Note -- this is a base class for those who don't want the
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automatic handling of errors type 302 (relocated) and 401
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(authorization needed)."""
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__tempfiles = None
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version = "Python-urllib/%s" % __version__
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# Constructor
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def __init__(self, proxies=None, **x509):
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if proxies is None:
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proxies = getproxies()
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assert hasattr(proxies, 'has_key'), "proxies must be a mapping"
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self.proxies = proxies
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self.key_file = x509.get('key_file')
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self.cert_file = x509.get('cert_file')
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self.addheaders = [('User-agent', self.version)]
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self.__tempfiles = []
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self.__unlink = os.unlink # See cleanup()
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self.tempcache = None
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# Undocumented feature: if you assign {} to tempcache,
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# it is used to cache files retrieved with
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# self.retrieve(). This is not enabled by default
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# since it does not work for changing documents (and I
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# haven't got the logic to check expiration headers
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# yet).
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self.ftpcache = ftpcache
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# Undocumented feature: you can use a different
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# ftp cache by assigning to the .ftpcache member;
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# in case you want logically independent URL openers
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# XXX This is not threadsafe. Bah.
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def __del__(self):
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self.close()
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def close(self):
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self.cleanup()
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def cleanup(self):
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# This code sometimes runs when the rest of this module
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# has already been deleted, so it can't use any globals
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# or import anything.
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if self.__tempfiles:
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for file in self.__tempfiles:
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try:
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self.__unlink(file)
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except:
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pass
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del self.__tempfiles[:]
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if self.tempcache:
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self.tempcache.clear()
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def addheader(self, *args):
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"""Add a header to be used by the HTTP interface only
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e.g. u.addheader('Accept', 'sound/basic')"""
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self.addheaders.append(args)
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# External interface
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def open(self, fullurl, data=None):
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"""Use URLopener().open(file) instead of open(file, 'r')."""
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fullurl = unwrap(toBytes(fullurl))
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if self.tempcache and self.tempcache.has_key(fullurl):
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filename, headers = self.tempcache[fullurl]
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fp = open(filename, 'rb')
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return addinfourl(fp, headers, fullurl)
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urltype, url = splittype(fullurl)
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if not urltype:
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urltype = 'file'
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if self.proxies.has_key(urltype):
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proxy = self.proxies[urltype]
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urltype, proxyhost = splittype(proxy)
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host, selector = splithost(proxyhost)
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url = (host, fullurl) # Signal special case to open_*()
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else:
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proxy = None
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name = 'open_' + urltype
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self.type = urltype
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if '-' in name:
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# replace - with _
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name = '_'.join(name.split('-'))
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if not hasattr(self, name):
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if proxy:
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return self.open_unknown_proxy(proxy, fullurl, data)
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else:
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return self.open_unknown(fullurl, data)
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try:
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if data is None:
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return getattr(self, name)(url)
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else:
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return getattr(self, name)(url, data)
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except socket.error, msg:
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raise IOError, ('socket error', msg), sys.exc_info()[2]
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def open_unknown(self, fullurl, data=None):
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"""Overridable interface to open unknown URL type."""
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type, url = splittype(fullurl)
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raise IOError, ('url error', 'unknown url type', type)
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def open_unknown_proxy(self, proxy, fullurl, data=None):
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"""Overridable interface to open unknown URL type."""
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type, url = splittype(fullurl)
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raise IOError, ('url error', 'invalid proxy for %s' % type, proxy)
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# External interface
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def retrieve(self, url, filename=None, reporthook=None, data=None):
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"""retrieve(url) returns (filename, None) for a local object
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or (tempfilename, headers) for a remote object."""
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url = unwrap(toBytes(url))
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if self.tempcache and self.tempcache.has_key(url):
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return self.tempcache[url]
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type, url1 = splittype(url)
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if not filename and (not type or type == 'file'):
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try:
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fp = self.open_local_file(url1)
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hdrs = fp.info()
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del fp
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return url2pathname(splithost(url1)[1]), hdrs
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except IOError, msg:
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pass
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fp = self.open(url, data)
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headers = fp.info()
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if not filename:
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import tempfile
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garbage, path = splittype(url)
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garbage, path = splithost(path or "")
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path, garbage = splitquery(path or "")
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path, garbage = splitattr(path or "")
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suffix = os.path.splitext(path)[1]
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filename = tempfile.mktemp(suffix)
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self.__tempfiles.append(filename)
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result = filename, headers
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if self.tempcache is not None:
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self.tempcache[url] = result
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tfp = open(filename, 'wb')
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bs = 1024*8
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size = -1
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blocknum = 1
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if reporthook:
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if headers.has_key("content-length"):
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size = int(headers["Content-Length"])
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reporthook(0, bs, size)
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block = fp.read(bs)
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if reporthook:
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reporthook(1, bs, size)
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while block:
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tfp.write(block)
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block = fp.read(bs)
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blocknum = blocknum + 1
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if reporthook:
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reporthook(blocknum, bs, size)
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fp.close()
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tfp.close()
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del fp
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del tfp
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return result
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# Each method named open_<type> knows how to open that type of URL
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def open_http(self, url, data=None):
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"""Use HTTP protocol."""
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import httplib
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user_passwd = None
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if type(url) is types.StringType:
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host, selector = splithost(url)
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if host:
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user_passwd, host = splituser(host)
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host = unquote(host)
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realhost = host
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else:
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host, selector = url
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urltype, rest = splittype(selector)
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url = rest
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user_passwd = None
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if urltype.lower() != 'http':
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realhost = None
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else:
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realhost, rest = splithost(rest)
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if realhost:
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user_passwd, realhost = splituser(realhost)
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if user_passwd:
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selector = "%s://%s%s" % (urltype, realhost, rest)
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#print "proxy via http:", host, selector
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if not host: raise IOError, ('http error', 'no host given')
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if user_passwd:
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import base64
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auth = base64.encodestring(user_passwd).strip()
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else:
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auth = None
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h = httplib.HTTP(host)
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if data is not None:
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h.putrequest('POST', selector)
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h.putheader('Content-type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
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h.putheader('Content-length', '%d' % len(data))
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else:
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h.putrequest('GET', selector)
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if auth: h.putheader('Authorization', 'Basic %s' % auth)
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if realhost: h.putheader('Host', realhost)
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for args in self.addheaders: apply(h.putheader, args)
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h.endheaders()
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if data is not None:
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h.send(data + '\r\n')
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errcode, errmsg, headers = h.getreply()
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fp = h.getfile()
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if errcode == 200:
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return addinfourl(fp, headers, "http:" + url)
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else:
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if data is None:
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return self.http_error(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers)
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else:
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return self.http_error(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data)
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def http_error(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None):
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"""Handle http errors.
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Derived class can override this, or provide specific handlers
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named http_error_DDD where DDD is the 3-digit error code."""
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# First check if there's a specific handler for this error
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name = 'http_error_%d' % errcode
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if hasattr(self, name):
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method = getattr(self, name)
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if data is None:
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result = method(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers)
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else:
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result = method(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data)
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if result: return result
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return self.http_error_default(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers)
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def http_error_default(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers):
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"""Default error handler: close the connection and raise IOError."""
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void = fp.read()
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fp.close()
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raise IOError, ('http error', errcode, errmsg, headers)
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if hasattr(socket, "ssl"):
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def open_https(self, url, data=None):
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"""Use HTTPS protocol."""
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import httplib
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user_passwd = None
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if type(url) is types.StringType:
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host, selector = splithost(url)
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if host:
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user_passwd, host = splituser(host)
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host = unquote(host)
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realhost = host
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else:
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host, selector = url
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urltype, rest = splittype(selector)
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url = rest
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user_passwd = None
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if urltype.lower() != 'https':
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realhost = None
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else:
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realhost, rest = splithost(rest)
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if realhost:
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user_passwd, realhost = splituser(realhost)
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if user_passwd:
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selector = "%s://%s%s" % (urltype, realhost, rest)
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#print "proxy via https:", host, selector
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if not host: raise IOError, ('https error', 'no host given')
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if user_passwd:
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import base64
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auth = base64.encodestring(user_passwd).strip()
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else:
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auth = None
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h = httplib.HTTPS(host, 0,
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key_file=self.key_file,
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cert_file=self.cert_file)
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if data is not None:
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h.putrequest('POST', selector)
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h.putheader('Content-type',
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'application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
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h.putheader('Content-length', '%d' % len(data))
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else:
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h.putrequest('GET', selector)
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if auth: h.putheader('Authorization: Basic %s' % auth)
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if realhost: h.putheader('Host', realhost)
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for args in self.addheaders: apply(h.putheader, args)
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h.endheaders()
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if data is not None:
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h.send(data + '\r\n')
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errcode, errmsg, headers = h.getreply()
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fp = h.getfile()
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if errcode == 200:
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return addinfourl(fp, headers, url)
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else:
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if data is None:
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return self.http_error(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers)
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else:
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return self.http_error(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers,
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data)
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def open_gopher(self, url):
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"""Use Gopher protocol."""
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import gopherlib
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host, selector = splithost(url)
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if not host: raise IOError, ('gopher error', 'no host given')
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host = unquote(host)
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type, selector = splitgophertype(selector)
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selector, query = splitquery(selector)
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selector = unquote(selector)
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if query:
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query = unquote(query)
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fp = gopherlib.send_query(selector, query, host)
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else:
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fp = gopherlib.send_selector(selector, host)
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return addinfourl(fp, noheaders(), "gopher:" + url)
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def open_file(self, url):
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"""Use local file or FTP depending on form of URL."""
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if url[:2] == '//' and url[2:3] != '/':
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return self.open_ftp(url)
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else:
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return self.open_local_file(url)
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def open_local_file(self, url):
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"""Use local file."""
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import mimetypes, mimetools, StringIO
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mtype = mimetypes.guess_type(url)[0]
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headers = mimetools.Message(StringIO.StringIO(
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'Content-Type: %s\n' % (mtype or 'text/plain')))
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host, file = splithost(url)
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if not host:
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urlfile = file
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if file[:1] == '/':
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urlfile = 'file://' + file
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return addinfourl(open(url2pathname(file), 'rb'),
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headers, urlfile)
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host, port = splitport(host)
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if not port \
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and socket.gethostbyname(host) in (localhost(), thishost()):
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urlfile = file
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if file[:1] == '/':
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urlfile = 'file://' + file
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return addinfourl(open(url2pathname(file), 'rb'),
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headers, urlfile)
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raise IOError, ('local file error', 'not on local host')
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def open_ftp(self, url):
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"""Use FTP protocol."""
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host, path = splithost(url)
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if not host: raise IOError, ('ftp error', 'no host given')
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host, port = splitport(host)
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user, host = splituser(host)
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if user: user, passwd = splitpasswd(user)
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else: passwd = None
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host = unquote(host)
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user = unquote(user or '')
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passwd = unquote(passwd or '')
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host = socket.gethostbyname(host)
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if not port:
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import ftplib
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port = ftplib.FTP_PORT
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else:
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port = int(port)
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path, attrs = splitattr(path)
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path = unquote(path)
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dirs = path.split('/')
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dirs, file = dirs[:-1], dirs[-1]
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if dirs and not dirs[0]: dirs = dirs[1:]
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if dirs and not dirs[0]: dirs[0] = '/'
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key = user, host, port, '/'.join(dirs)
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# XXX thread unsafe!
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if len(self.ftpcache) > MAXFTPCACHE:
|
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# Prune the cache, rather arbitrarily
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for k in self.ftpcache.keys():
|
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if k != key:
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v = self.ftpcache[k]
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del self.ftpcache[k]
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v.close()
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try:
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if not self.ftpcache.has_key(key):
|
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self.ftpcache[key] = \
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ftpwrapper(user, passwd, host, port, dirs)
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if not file: type = 'D'
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else: type = 'I'
|
|
for attr in attrs:
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attr, value = splitvalue(attr)
|
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if attr.lower() == 'type' and \
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value in ('a', 'A', 'i', 'I', 'd', 'D'):
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type = value.upper()
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(fp, retrlen) = self.ftpcache[key].retrfile(file, type)
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if retrlen is not None and retrlen >= 0:
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import mimetools, StringIO
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headers = mimetools.Message(StringIO.StringIO(
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'Content-Length: %d\n' % retrlen))
|
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else:
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headers = noheaders()
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return addinfourl(fp, headers, "ftp:" + url)
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except ftperrors(), msg:
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raise IOError, ('ftp error', msg), sys.exc_info()[2]
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|
|
def open_data(self, url, data=None):
|
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"""Use "data" URL."""
|
|
# ignore POSTed data
|
|
#
|
|
# syntax of data URLs:
|
|
# dataurl := "data:" [ mediatype ] [ ";base64" ] "," data
|
|
# mediatype := [ type "/" subtype ] *( ";" parameter )
|
|
# data := *urlchar
|
|
# parameter := attribute "=" value
|
|
import StringIO, mimetools, time
|
|
try:
|
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[type, data] = url.split(',', 1)
|
|
except ValueError:
|
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raise IOError, ('data error', 'bad data URL')
|
|
if not type:
|
|
type = 'text/plain;charset=US-ASCII'
|
|
semi = type.rfind(';')
|
|
if semi >= 0 and '=' not in type[semi:]:
|
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encoding = type[semi+1:]
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type = type[:semi]
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|
else:
|
|
encoding = ''
|
|
msg = []
|
|
msg.append('Date: %s'%time.strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %T GMT',
|
|
time.gmtime(time.time())))
|
|
msg.append('Content-type: %s' % type)
|
|
if encoding == 'base64':
|
|
import base64
|
|
data = base64.decodestring(data)
|
|
else:
|
|
data = unquote(data)
|
|
msg.append('Content-length: %d' % len(data))
|
|
msg.append('')
|
|
msg.append(data)
|
|
msg = '\n'.join(msg)
|
|
f = StringIO.StringIO(msg)
|
|
headers = mimetools.Message(f, 0)
|
|
f.fileno = None # needed for addinfourl
|
|
return addinfourl(f, headers, url)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class FancyURLopener(URLopener):
|
|
"""Derived class with handlers for errors we can handle (perhaps)."""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, *args):
|
|
apply(URLopener.__init__, (self,) + args)
|
|
self.auth_cache = {}
|
|
|
|
def http_error_default(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers):
|
|
"""Default error handling -- don't raise an exception."""
|
|
return addinfourl(fp, headers, "http:" + url)
|
|
|
|
def http_error_302(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None):
|
|
"""Error 302 -- relocated (temporarily)."""
|
|
# XXX The server can force infinite recursion here!
|
|
if headers.has_key('location'):
|
|
newurl = headers['location']
|
|
elif headers.has_key('uri'):
|
|
newurl = headers['uri']
|
|
else:
|
|
return
|
|
void = fp.read()
|
|
fp.close()
|
|
# In case the server sent a relative URL, join with original:
|
|
newurl = basejoin("http:" + url, newurl)
|
|
if data is None:
|
|
return self.open(newurl)
|
|
else:
|
|
return self.open(newurl, data)
|
|
|
|
def http_error_301(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None):
|
|
"""Error 301 -- also relocated (permanently)."""
|
|
return self.http_error_302(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data)
|
|
|
|
def http_error_401(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None):
|
|
"""Error 401 -- authentication required.
|
|
See this URL for a description of the basic authentication scheme:
|
|
http://www.ics.uci.edu/pub/ietf/http/draft-ietf-http-v10-spec-00.txt"""
|
|
if headers.has_key('www-authenticate'):
|
|
stuff = headers['www-authenticate']
|
|
import re
|
|
match = re.match('[ \t]*([^ \t]+)[ \t]+realm="([^"]*)"', stuff)
|
|
if match:
|
|
scheme, realm = match.groups()
|
|
if scheme.lower() == 'basic':
|
|
name = 'retry_' + self.type + '_basic_auth'
|
|
if data is None:
|
|
return getattr(self,name)(url, realm)
|
|
else:
|
|
return getattr(self,name)(url, realm, data)
|
|
|
|
def retry_http_basic_auth(self, url, realm, data=None):
|
|
host, selector = splithost(url)
|
|
i = host.find('@') + 1
|
|
host = host[i:]
|
|
user, passwd = self.get_user_passwd(host, realm, i)
|
|
if not (user or passwd): return None
|
|
host = quote(user, safe='') + ':' + quote(passwd, safe='') + '@' + host
|
|
newurl = 'http://' + host + selector
|
|
if data is None:
|
|
return self.open(newurl)
|
|
else:
|
|
return self.open(newurl, data)
|
|
|
|
def retry_https_basic_auth(self, url, realm, data=None):
|
|
host, selector = splithost(url)
|
|
i = host.find('@') + 1
|
|
host = host[i:]
|
|
user, passwd = self.get_user_passwd(host, realm, i)
|
|
if not (user or passwd): return None
|
|
host = quote(user, safe='') + ':' + quote(passwd, safe='') + '@' + host
|
|
newurl = '//' + host + selector
|
|
return self.open_https(newurl, data)
|
|
|
|
def get_user_passwd(self, host, realm, clear_cache = 0):
|
|
key = realm + '@' + host.lower()
|
|
if self.auth_cache.has_key(key):
|
|
if clear_cache:
|
|
del self.auth_cache[key]
|
|
else:
|
|
return self.auth_cache[key]
|
|
user, passwd = self.prompt_user_passwd(host, realm)
|
|
if user or passwd: self.auth_cache[key] = (user, passwd)
|
|
return user, passwd
|
|
|
|
def prompt_user_passwd(self, host, realm):
|
|
"""Override this in a GUI environment!"""
|
|
import getpass
|
|
try:
|
|
user = raw_input("Enter username for %s at %s: " % (realm,
|
|
host))
|
|
passwd = getpass.getpass("Enter password for %s in %s at %s: " %
|
|
(user, realm, host))
|
|
return user, passwd
|
|
except KeyboardInterrupt:
|
|
print
|
|
return None, None
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Utility functions
|
|
|
|
_localhost = None
|
|
def localhost():
|
|
"""Return the IP address of the magic hostname 'localhost'."""
|
|
global _localhost
|
|
if not _localhost:
|
|
_localhost = socket.gethostbyname('localhost')
|
|
return _localhost
|
|
|
|
_thishost = None
|
|
def thishost():
|
|
"""Return the IP address of the current host."""
|
|
global _thishost
|
|
if not _thishost:
|
|
_thishost = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
|
|
return _thishost
|
|
|
|
_ftperrors = None
|
|
def ftperrors():
|
|
"""Return the set of errors raised by the FTP class."""
|
|
global _ftperrors
|
|
if not _ftperrors:
|
|
import ftplib
|
|
_ftperrors = ftplib.all_errors
|
|
return _ftperrors
|
|
|
|
_noheaders = None
|
|
def noheaders():
|
|
"""Return an empty mimetools.Message object."""
|
|
global _noheaders
|
|
if not _noheaders:
|
|
import mimetools
|
|
import StringIO
|
|
_noheaders = mimetools.Message(StringIO.StringIO(), 0)
|
|
_noheaders.fp.close() # Recycle file descriptor
|
|
return _noheaders
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Utility classes
|
|
|
|
class ftpwrapper:
|
|
"""Class used by open_ftp() for cache of open FTP connections."""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, user, passwd, host, port, dirs):
|
|
self.user = user
|
|
self.passwd = passwd
|
|
self.host = host
|
|
self.port = port
|
|
self.dirs = dirs
|
|
self.init()
|
|
|
|
def init(self):
|
|
import ftplib
|
|
self.busy = 0
|
|
self.ftp = ftplib.FTP()
|
|
self.ftp.connect(self.host, self.port)
|
|
self.ftp.login(self.user, self.passwd)
|
|
for dir in self.dirs:
|
|
self.ftp.cwd(dir)
|
|
|
|
def retrfile(self, file, type):
|
|
import ftplib
|
|
self.endtransfer()
|
|
if type in ('d', 'D'): cmd = 'TYPE A'; isdir = 1
|
|
else: cmd = 'TYPE ' + type; isdir = 0
|
|
try:
|
|
self.ftp.voidcmd(cmd)
|
|
except ftplib.all_errors:
|
|
self.init()
|
|
self.ftp.voidcmd(cmd)
|
|
conn = None
|
|
if file and not isdir:
|
|
# Use nlst to see if the file exists at all
|
|
try:
|
|
self.ftp.nlst(file)
|
|
except ftplib.error_perm, reason:
|
|
raise IOError, ('ftp error', reason), sys.exc_info()[2]
|
|
# Restore the transfer mode!
|
|
self.ftp.voidcmd(cmd)
|
|
# Try to retrieve as a file
|
|
try:
|
|
cmd = 'RETR ' + file
|
|
conn = self.ftp.ntransfercmd(cmd)
|
|
except ftplib.error_perm, reason:
|
|
if str(reason)[:3] != '550':
|
|
raise IOError, ('ftp error', reason), sys.exc_info()[2]
|
|
if not conn:
|
|
# Set transfer mode to ASCII!
|
|
self.ftp.voidcmd('TYPE A')
|
|
# Try a directory listing
|
|
if file: cmd = 'LIST ' + file
|
|
else: cmd = 'LIST'
|
|
conn = self.ftp.ntransfercmd(cmd)
|
|
self.busy = 1
|
|
# Pass back both a suitably decorated object and a retrieval length
|
|
return (addclosehook(conn[0].makefile('rb'),
|
|
self.endtransfer), conn[1])
|
|
def endtransfer(self):
|
|
if not self.busy:
|
|
return
|
|
self.busy = 0
|
|
try:
|
|
self.ftp.voidresp()
|
|
except ftperrors():
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
def close(self):
|
|
self.endtransfer()
|
|
try:
|
|
self.ftp.close()
|
|
except ftperrors():
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
class addbase:
|
|
"""Base class for addinfo and addclosehook."""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, fp):
|
|
self.fp = fp
|
|
self.read = self.fp.read
|
|
self.readline = self.fp.readline
|
|
if hasattr(self.fp, "readlines"): self.readlines = self.fp.readlines
|
|
if hasattr(self.fp, "fileno"): self.fileno = self.fp.fileno
|
|
|
|
def __repr__(self):
|
|
return '<%s at %s whose fp = %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__,
|
|
`id(self)`, `self.fp`)
|
|
|
|
def close(self):
|
|
self.read = None
|
|
self.readline = None
|
|
self.readlines = None
|
|
self.fileno = None
|
|
if self.fp: self.fp.close()
|
|
self.fp = None
|
|
|
|
class addclosehook(addbase):
|
|
"""Class to add a close hook to an open file."""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, fp, closehook, *hookargs):
|
|
addbase.__init__(self, fp)
|
|
self.closehook = closehook
|
|
self.hookargs = hookargs
|
|
|
|
def close(self):
|
|
addbase.close(self)
|
|
if self.closehook:
|
|
apply(self.closehook, self.hookargs)
|
|
self.closehook = None
|
|
self.hookargs = None
|
|
|
|
class addinfo(addbase):
|
|
"""class to add an info() method to an open file."""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, fp, headers):
|
|
addbase.__init__(self, fp)
|
|
self.headers = headers
|
|
|
|
def info(self):
|
|
return self.headers
|
|
|
|
class addinfourl(addbase):
|
|
"""class to add info() and geturl() methods to an open file."""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, fp, headers, url):
|
|
addbase.__init__(self, fp)
|
|
self.headers = headers
|
|
self.url = url
|
|
|
|
def info(self):
|
|
return self.headers
|
|
|
|
def geturl(self):
|
|
return self.url
|
|
|
|
|
|
def basejoin(base, url):
|
|
"""Utility to combine a URL with a base URL to form a new URL."""
|
|
type, path = splittype(url)
|
|
if type:
|
|
# if url is complete (i.e., it contains a type), return it
|
|
return url
|
|
host, path = splithost(path)
|
|
type, basepath = splittype(base) # inherit type from base
|
|
if host:
|
|
# if url contains host, just inherit type
|
|
if type: return type + '://' + host + path
|
|
else:
|
|
# no type inherited, so url must have started with //
|
|
# just return it
|
|
return url
|
|
host, basepath = splithost(basepath) # inherit host
|
|
basepath, basetag = splittag(basepath) # remove extraneous cruft
|
|
basepath, basequery = splitquery(basepath) # idem
|
|
if path[:1] != '/':
|
|
# non-absolute path name
|
|
if path[:1] in ('#', '?'):
|
|
# path is just a tag or query, attach to basepath
|
|
i = len(basepath)
|
|
else:
|
|
# else replace last component
|
|
i = basepath.rfind('/')
|
|
if i < 0:
|
|
# basepath not absolute
|
|
if host:
|
|
# host present, make absolute
|
|
basepath = '/'
|
|
else:
|
|
# else keep non-absolute
|
|
basepath = ''
|
|
else:
|
|
# remove last file component
|
|
basepath = basepath[:i+1]
|
|
# Interpret ../ (important because of symlinks)
|
|
while basepath and path[:3] == '../':
|
|
path = path[3:]
|
|
i = basepath[:-1].rfind('/')
|
|
if i > 0:
|
|
basepath = basepath[:i+1]
|
|
elif i == 0:
|
|
basepath = '/'
|
|
break
|
|
else:
|
|
basepath = ''
|
|
|
|
path = basepath + path
|
|
if type and host: return type + '://' + host + path
|
|
elif type: return type + ':' + path
|
|
elif host: return '//' + host + path # don't know what this means
|
|
else: return path
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Utilities to parse URLs (most of these return None for missing parts):
|
|
# unwrap('<URL:type://host/path>') --> 'type://host/path'
|
|
# splittype('type:opaquestring') --> 'type', 'opaquestring'
|
|
# splithost('//host[:port]/path') --> 'host[:port]', '/path'
|
|
# splituser('user[:passwd]@host[:port]') --> 'user[:passwd]', 'host[:port]'
|
|
# splitpasswd('user:passwd') -> 'user', 'passwd'
|
|
# splitport('host:port') --> 'host', 'port'
|
|
# splitquery('/path?query') --> '/path', 'query'
|
|
# splittag('/path#tag') --> '/path', 'tag'
|
|
# splitattr('/path;attr1=value1;attr2=value2;...') ->
|
|
# '/path', ['attr1=value1', 'attr2=value2', ...]
|
|
# splitvalue('attr=value') --> 'attr', 'value'
|
|
# splitgophertype('/Xselector') --> 'X', 'selector'
|
|
# unquote('abc%20def') -> 'abc def'
|
|
# quote('abc def') -> 'abc%20def')
|
|
|
|
def toBytes(url):
|
|
"""toBytes(u"URL") --> 'URL'."""
|
|
# Most URL schemes require ASCII. If that changes, the conversion
|
|
# can be relaxed
|
|
if type(url) is types.UnicodeType:
|
|
try:
|
|
url = url.encode("ASCII")
|
|
except UnicodeError:
|
|
raise UnicodeError("URL " + repr(url) +
|
|
" contains non-ASCII characters")
|
|
return url
|
|
|
|
def unwrap(url):
|
|
"""unwrap('<URL:type://host/path>') --> 'type://host/path'."""
|
|
url = url.strip()
|
|
if url[:1] == '<' and url[-1:] == '>':
|
|
url = url[1:-1].strip()
|
|
if url[:4] == 'URL:': url = url[4:].strip()
|
|
return url
|
|
|
|
_typeprog = None
|
|
def splittype(url):
|
|
"""splittype('type:opaquestring') --> 'type', 'opaquestring'."""
|
|
global _typeprog
|
|
if _typeprog is None:
|
|
import re
|
|
_typeprog = re.compile('^([^/:]+):')
|
|
|
|
match = _typeprog.match(url)
|
|
if match:
|
|
scheme = match.group(1)
|
|
return scheme.lower(), url[len(scheme) + 1:]
|
|
return None, url
|
|
|
|
_hostprog = None
|
|
def splithost(url):
|
|
"""splithost('//host[:port]/path') --> 'host[:port]', '/path'."""
|
|
global _hostprog
|
|
if _hostprog is None:
|
|
import re
|
|
_hostprog = re.compile('^//([^/]*)(.*)$')
|
|
|
|
match = _hostprog.match(url)
|
|
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
|
|
return None, url
|
|
|
|
_userprog = None
|
|
def splituser(host):
|
|
"""splituser('user[:passwd]@host[:port]') --> 'user[:passwd]', 'host[:port]'."""
|
|
global _userprog
|
|
if _userprog is None:
|
|
import re
|
|
_userprog = re.compile('^([^@]*)@(.*)$')
|
|
|
|
match = _userprog.match(host)
|
|
if match: return map(unquote, match.group(1, 2))
|
|
return None, host
|
|
|
|
_passwdprog = None
|
|
def splitpasswd(user):
|
|
"""splitpasswd('user:passwd') -> 'user', 'passwd'."""
|
|
global _passwdprog
|
|
if _passwdprog is None:
|
|
import re
|
|
_passwdprog = re.compile('^([^:]*):(.*)$')
|
|
|
|
match = _passwdprog.match(user)
|
|
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
|
|
return user, None
|
|
|
|
# splittag('/path#tag') --> '/path', 'tag'
|
|
_portprog = None
|
|
def splitport(host):
|
|
"""splitport('host:port') --> 'host', 'port'."""
|
|
global _portprog
|
|
if _portprog is None:
|
|
import re
|
|
_portprog = re.compile('^(.*):([0-9]+)$')
|
|
|
|
match = _portprog.match(host)
|
|
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
|
|
return host, None
|
|
|
|
_nportprog = None
|
|
def splitnport(host, defport=-1):
|
|
"""Split host and port, returning numeric port.
|
|
Return given default port if no ':' found; defaults to -1.
|
|
Return numerical port if a valid number are found after ':'.
|
|
Return None if ':' but not a valid number."""
|
|
global _nportprog
|
|
if _nportprog is None:
|
|
import re
|
|
_nportprog = re.compile('^(.*):(.*)$')
|
|
|
|
match = _nportprog.match(host)
|
|
if match:
|
|
host, port = match.group(1, 2)
|
|
try:
|
|
if not port: raise ValueError, "no digits"
|
|
nport = int(port)
|
|
except ValueError:
|
|
nport = None
|
|
return host, nport
|
|
return host, defport
|
|
|
|
_queryprog = None
|
|
def splitquery(url):
|
|
"""splitquery('/path?query') --> '/path', 'query'."""
|
|
global _queryprog
|
|
if _queryprog is None:
|
|
import re
|
|
_queryprog = re.compile('^(.*)\?([^?]*)$')
|
|
|
|
match = _queryprog.match(url)
|
|
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
|
|
return url, None
|
|
|
|
_tagprog = None
|
|
def splittag(url):
|
|
"""splittag('/path#tag') --> '/path', 'tag'."""
|
|
global _tagprog
|
|
if _tagprog is None:
|
|
import re
|
|
_tagprog = re.compile('^(.*)#([^#]*)$')
|
|
|
|
match = _tagprog.match(url)
|
|
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
|
|
return url, None
|
|
|
|
def splitattr(url):
|
|
"""splitattr('/path;attr1=value1;attr2=value2;...') ->
|
|
'/path', ['attr1=value1', 'attr2=value2', ...]."""
|
|
words = url.split(';')
|
|
return words[0], words[1:]
|
|
|
|
_valueprog = None
|
|
def splitvalue(attr):
|
|
"""splitvalue('attr=value') --> 'attr', 'value'."""
|
|
global _valueprog
|
|
if _valueprog is None:
|
|
import re
|
|
_valueprog = re.compile('^([^=]*)=(.*)$')
|
|
|
|
match = _valueprog.match(attr)
|
|
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
|
|
return attr, None
|
|
|
|
def splitgophertype(selector):
|
|
"""splitgophertype('/Xselector') --> 'X', 'selector'."""
|
|
if selector[:1] == '/' and selector[1:2]:
|
|
return selector[1], selector[2:]
|
|
return None, selector
|
|
|
|
def unquote(s):
|
|
"""unquote('abc%20def') -> 'abc def'."""
|
|
mychr = chr
|
|
myatoi = int
|
|
list = s.split('%')
|
|
res = [list[0]]
|
|
myappend = res.append
|
|
del list[0]
|
|
for item in list:
|
|
if item[1:2]:
|
|
try:
|
|
myappend(mychr(myatoi(item[:2], 16))
|
|
+ item[2:])
|
|
except:
|
|
myappend('%' + item)
|
|
else:
|
|
myappend('%' + item)
|
|
return "".join(res)
|
|
|
|
def unquote_plus(s):
|
|
"""unquote('%7e/abc+def') -> '~/abc def'"""
|
|
if '+' in s:
|
|
# replace '+' with ' '
|
|
s = ' '.join(s.split('+'))
|
|
return unquote(s)
|
|
|
|
always_safe = ('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
|
|
'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
|
|
'0123456789' '_.-')
|
|
|
|
_fast_safe_test = always_safe + '/'
|
|
_fast_safe = None
|
|
|
|
def _fast_quote(s):
|
|
global _fast_safe
|
|
if _fast_safe is None:
|
|
_fast_safe = {}
|
|
for c in _fast_safe_test:
|
|
_fast_safe[c] = c
|
|
res = list(s)
|
|
for i in range(len(res)):
|
|
c = res[i]
|
|
if not _fast_safe.has_key(c):
|
|
res[i] = '%%%02x' % ord(c)
|
|
return ''.join(res)
|
|
|
|
def quote(s, safe = '/'):
|
|
"""quote('abc def') -> 'abc%20def'
|
|
|
|
Each part of a URL, e.g. the path info, the query, etc., has a
|
|
different set of reserved characters that must be quoted.
|
|
|
|
RFC 2396 Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax lists
|
|
the following reserved characters.
|
|
|
|
reserved = ";" | "/" | "?" | ":" | "@" | "&" | "=" | "+" |
|
|
"$" | ","
|
|
|
|
Each of these characters is reserved in some component of a URL,
|
|
but not necessarily in all of them.
|
|
|
|
By default, the quote function is intended for quoting the path
|
|
section of a URL. Thus, it will not encode '/'. This character
|
|
is reserved, but in typical usage the quote function is being
|
|
called on a path where the existing slash characters are used as
|
|
reserved characters.
|
|
"""
|
|
safe = always_safe + safe
|
|
if _fast_safe_test == safe:
|
|
return _fast_quote(s)
|
|
res = list(s)
|
|
for i in range(len(res)):
|
|
c = res[i]
|
|
if c not in safe:
|
|
res[i] = '%%%02x' % ord(c)
|
|
return ''.join(res)
|
|
|
|
def quote_plus(s, safe = ''):
|
|
"""Quote the query fragment of a URL; replacing ' ' with '+'"""
|
|
if ' ' in s:
|
|
l = s.split(' ')
|
|
for i in range(len(l)):
|
|
l[i] = quote(l[i], safe)
|
|
return '+'.join(l)
|
|
else:
|
|
return quote(s, safe)
|
|
|
|
def urlencode(dict):
|
|
"""Encode a dictionary of form entries into a URL query string."""
|
|
l = []
|
|
for k, v in dict.items():
|
|
k = quote_plus(str(k))
|
|
v = quote_plus(str(v))
|
|
l.append(k + '=' + v)
|
|
return '&'.join(l)
|
|
|
|
# Proxy handling
|
|
def getproxies_environment():
|
|
"""Return a dictionary of scheme -> proxy server URL mappings.
|
|
|
|
Scan the environment for variables named <scheme>_proxy;
|
|
this seems to be the standard convention. If you need a
|
|
different way, you can pass a proxies dictionary to the
|
|
[Fancy]URLopener constructor.
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
proxies = {}
|
|
for name, value in os.environ.items():
|
|
name = name.lower()
|
|
if value and name[-6:] == '_proxy':
|
|
proxies[name[:-6]] = value
|
|
return proxies
|
|
|
|
if os.name == 'mac':
|
|
def getproxies():
|
|
"""Return a dictionary of scheme -> proxy server URL mappings.
|
|
|
|
By convention the mac uses Internet Config to store
|
|
proxies. An HTTP proxy, for instance, is stored under
|
|
the HttpProxy key.
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
import ic
|
|
except ImportError:
|
|
return {}
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
config = ic.IC()
|
|
except ic.error:
|
|
return {}
|
|
proxies = {}
|
|
# HTTP:
|
|
if config.has_key('UseHTTPProxy') and config['UseHTTPProxy']:
|
|
try:
|
|
value = config['HTTPProxyHost']
|
|
except ic.error:
|
|
pass
|
|
else:
|
|
proxies['http'] = 'http://%s' % value
|
|
# FTP: XXXX To be done.
|
|
# Gopher: XXXX To be done.
|
|
return proxies
|
|
|
|
elif os.name == 'nt':
|
|
def getproxies_registry():
|
|
"""Return a dictionary of scheme -> proxy server URL mappings.
|
|
|
|
Win32 uses the registry to store proxies.
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
proxies = {}
|
|
try:
|
|
import _winreg
|
|
except ImportError:
|
|
# Std module, so should be around - but you never know!
|
|
return proxies
|
|
try:
|
|
internetSettings = _winreg.OpenKey(_winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER,
|
|
r'Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings')
|
|
proxyEnable = _winreg.QueryValueEx(internetSettings,
|
|
'ProxyEnable')[0]
|
|
if proxyEnable:
|
|
# Returned as Unicode but problems if not converted to ASCII
|
|
proxyServer = str(_winreg.QueryValueEx(internetSettings,
|
|
'ProxyServer')[0])
|
|
if '=' in proxyServer:
|
|
# Per-protocol settings
|
|
for p in proxyServer.split(';'):
|
|
protocol, address = p.split('=', 1)
|
|
proxies[protocol] = '%s://%s' % (protocol, address)
|
|
else:
|
|
# Use one setting for all protocols
|
|
if proxyServer[:5] == 'http:':
|
|
proxies['http'] = proxyServer
|
|
else:
|
|
proxies['http'] = 'http://%s' % proxyServer
|
|
proxies['ftp'] = 'ftp://%s' % proxyServer
|
|
internetSettings.Close()
|
|
except (WindowsError, ValueError, TypeError):
|
|
# Either registry key not found etc, or the value in an
|
|
# unexpected format.
|
|
# proxies already set up to be empty so nothing to do
|
|
pass
|
|
return proxies
|
|
|
|
def getproxies():
|
|
"""Return a dictionary of scheme -> proxy server URL mappings.
|
|
|
|
Returns settings gathered from the environment, if specified,
|
|
or the registry.
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
return getproxies_environment() or getproxies_registry()
|
|
else:
|
|
# By default use environment variables
|
|
getproxies = getproxies_environment
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Test and time quote() and unquote()
|
|
def test1():
|
|
import time
|
|
s = ''
|
|
for i in range(256): s = s + chr(i)
|
|
s = s*4
|
|
t0 = time.time()
|
|
qs = quote(s)
|
|
uqs = unquote(qs)
|
|
t1 = time.time()
|
|
if uqs != s:
|
|
print 'Wrong!'
|
|
print `s`
|
|
print `qs`
|
|
print `uqs`
|
|
print round(t1 - t0, 3), 'sec'
|
|
|
|
|
|
def reporthook(blocknum, blocksize, totalsize):
|
|
# Report during remote transfers
|
|
print "Block number: %d, Block size: %d, Total size: %d" % (
|
|
blocknum, blocksize, totalsize)
|
|
|
|
# Test program
|
|
def test(args=[]):
|
|
if not args:
|
|
args = [
|
|
'/etc/passwd',
|
|
'file:/etc/passwd',
|
|
'file://localhost/etc/passwd',
|
|
'ftp://ftp.python.org/etc/passwd',
|
|
## 'gopher://gopher.micro.umn.edu/1/',
|
|
'http://www.python.org/index.html',
|
|
]
|
|
if hasattr(URLopener, "open_https"):
|
|
args.append('https://synergy.as.cmu.edu/~geek/')
|
|
try:
|
|
for url in args:
|
|
print '-'*10, url, '-'*10
|
|
fn, h = urlretrieve(url, None, reporthook)
|
|
print fn
|
|
if h:
|
|
print '======'
|
|
for k in h.keys(): print k + ':', h[k]
|
|
print '======'
|
|
fp = open(fn, 'rb')
|
|
data = fp.read()
|
|
del fp
|
|
if '\r' in data:
|
|
table = string.maketrans("", "")
|
|
data = data.translate(table, "\r")
|
|
print data
|
|
fn, h = None, None
|
|
print '-'*40
|
|
finally:
|
|
urlcleanup()
|
|
|
|
def main():
|
|
import getopt, sys
|
|
try:
|
|
opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "th")
|
|
except getopt.error, msg:
|
|
print msg
|
|
print "Use -h for help"
|
|
return
|
|
t = 0
|
|
for o, a in opts:
|
|
if o == '-t':
|
|
t = t + 1
|
|
if o == '-h':
|
|
print "Usage: python urllib.py [-t] [url ...]"
|
|
print "-t runs self-test;",
|
|
print "otherwise, contents of urls are printed"
|
|
return
|
|
if t:
|
|
if t > 1:
|
|
test1()
|
|
test(args)
|
|
else:
|
|
if not args:
|
|
print "Use -h for help"
|
|
for url in args:
|
|
print urlopen(url).read(),
|
|
|
|
# Run test program when run as a script
|
|
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
|
main()
|