1102 lines
46 KiB
Python
1102 lines
46 KiB
Python
import unittest
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import unittest.mock
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import random
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import os
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import time
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import pickle
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import warnings
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from functools import partial
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from math import log, exp, pi, fsum, sin, factorial
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from test import support
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from fractions import Fraction
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class TestBasicOps:
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# Superclass with tests common to all generators.
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# Subclasses must arrange for self.gen to retrieve the Random instance
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# to be tested.
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def randomlist(self, n):
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"""Helper function to make a list of random numbers"""
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return [self.gen.random() for i in range(n)]
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def test_autoseed(self):
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self.gen.seed()
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state1 = self.gen.getstate()
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time.sleep(0.1)
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self.gen.seed() # different seeds at different times
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state2 = self.gen.getstate()
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self.assertNotEqual(state1, state2)
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def test_saverestore(self):
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N = 1000
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self.gen.seed()
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state = self.gen.getstate()
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randseq = self.randomlist(N)
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self.gen.setstate(state) # should regenerate the same sequence
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self.assertEqual(randseq, self.randomlist(N))
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def test_seedargs(self):
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# Seed value with a negative hash.
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class MySeed(object):
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def __hash__(self):
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return -1729
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for arg in [None, 0, 0, 1, 1, -1, -1, 10**20, -(10**20),
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3.14, 1+2j, 'a', tuple('abc'), MySeed()]:
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self.gen.seed(arg)
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for arg in [list(range(3)), dict(one=1)]:
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self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.gen.seed, arg)
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self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.gen.seed, 1, 2, 3, 4)
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self.assertRaises(TypeError, type(self.gen), [])
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@unittest.mock.patch('random._urandom') # os.urandom
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def test_seed_when_randomness_source_not_found(self, urandom_mock):
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# Random.seed() uses time.time() when an operating system specific
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# randomness source is not found. To test this on machines where it
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# exists, run the above test, test_seedargs(), again after mocking
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# os.urandom() so that it raises the exception expected when the
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# randomness source is not available.
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urandom_mock.side_effect = NotImplementedError
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self.test_seedargs()
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def test_shuffle(self):
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shuffle = self.gen.shuffle
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lst = []
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shuffle(lst)
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self.assertEqual(lst, [])
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lst = [37]
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shuffle(lst)
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self.assertEqual(lst, [37])
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seqs = [list(range(n)) for n in range(10)]
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shuffled_seqs = [list(range(n)) for n in range(10)]
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for shuffled_seq in shuffled_seqs:
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shuffle(shuffled_seq)
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for (seq, shuffled_seq) in zip(seqs, shuffled_seqs):
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self.assertEqual(len(seq), len(shuffled_seq))
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self.assertEqual(set(seq), set(shuffled_seq))
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# The above tests all would pass if the shuffle was a
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# no-op. The following non-deterministic test covers that. It
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# asserts that the shuffled sequence of 1000 distinct elements
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# must be different from the original one. Although there is
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# mathematically a non-zero probability that this could
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# actually happen in a genuinely random shuffle, it is
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# completely negligible, given that the number of possible
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# permutations of 1000 objects is 1000! (factorial of 1000),
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# which is considerably larger than the number of atoms in the
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# universe...
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lst = list(range(1000))
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shuffled_lst = list(range(1000))
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shuffle(shuffled_lst)
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self.assertTrue(lst != shuffled_lst)
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shuffle(lst)
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self.assertTrue(lst != shuffled_lst)
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self.assertRaises(TypeError, shuffle, (1, 2, 3))
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def test_shuffle_random_argument(self):
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# Test random argument to shuffle.
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shuffle = self.gen.shuffle
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mock_random = unittest.mock.Mock(return_value=0.5)
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seq = bytearray(b'abcdefghijk')
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shuffle(seq, mock_random)
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mock_random.assert_called_with()
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def test_choice(self):
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choice = self.gen.choice
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with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
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choice([])
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self.assertEqual(choice([50]), 50)
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self.assertIn(choice([25, 75]), [25, 75])
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def test_sample(self):
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# For the entire allowable range of 0 <= k <= N, validate that
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# the sample is of the correct length and contains only unique items
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N = 100
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population = range(N)
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for k in range(N+1):
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s = self.gen.sample(population, k)
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self.assertEqual(len(s), k)
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uniq = set(s)
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self.assertEqual(len(uniq), k)
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self.assertTrue(uniq <= set(population))
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self.assertEqual(self.gen.sample([], 0), []) # test edge case N==k==0
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# Exception raised if size of sample exceeds that of population
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self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.gen.sample, population, N+1)
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self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.gen.sample, [], -1)
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def test_sample_distribution(self):
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# For the entire allowable range of 0 <= k <= N, validate that
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# sample generates all possible permutations
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n = 5
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pop = range(n)
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trials = 10000 # large num prevents false negatives without slowing normal case
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for k in range(n):
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expected = factorial(n) // factorial(n-k)
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perms = {}
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for i in range(trials):
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perms[tuple(self.gen.sample(pop, k))] = None
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if len(perms) == expected:
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break
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else:
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self.fail()
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def test_sample_inputs(self):
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# SF bug #801342 -- population can be any iterable defining __len__()
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self.gen.sample(set(range(20)), 2)
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self.gen.sample(range(20), 2)
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self.gen.sample(range(20), 2)
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self.gen.sample(str('abcdefghijklmnopqrst'), 2)
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self.gen.sample(tuple('abcdefghijklmnopqrst'), 2)
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def test_sample_on_dicts(self):
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self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.gen.sample, dict.fromkeys('abcdef'), 2)
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def test_choices(self):
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choices = self.gen.choices
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data = ['red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow']
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str_data = 'abcd'
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range_data = range(4)
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set_data = set(range(4))
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# basic functionality
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for sample in [
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choices(data, k=5),
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choices(data, range(4), k=5),
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choices(k=5, population=data, weights=range(4)),
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choices(k=5, population=data, cum_weights=range(4)),
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]:
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self.assertEqual(len(sample), 5)
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self.assertEqual(type(sample), list)
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self.assertTrue(set(sample) <= set(data))
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# test argument handling
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with self.assertRaises(TypeError): # missing arguments
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choices(2)
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self.assertEqual(choices(data, k=0), []) # k == 0
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self.assertEqual(choices(data, k=-1), []) # negative k behaves like ``[0] * -1``
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with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
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choices(data, k=2.5) # k is a float
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self.assertTrue(set(choices(str_data, k=5)) <= set(str_data)) # population is a string sequence
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self.assertTrue(set(choices(range_data, k=5)) <= set(range_data)) # population is a range
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with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
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choices(set_data, k=2) # population is not a sequence
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self.assertTrue(set(choices(data, None, k=5)) <= set(data)) # weights is None
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self.assertTrue(set(choices(data, weights=None, k=5)) <= set(data))
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with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
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choices(data, [1,2], k=5) # len(weights) != len(population)
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with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
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choices(data, 10, k=5) # non-iterable weights
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with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
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choices(data, [None]*4, k=5) # non-numeric weights
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for weights in [
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[15, 10, 25, 30], # integer weights
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[15.1, 10.2, 25.2, 30.3], # float weights
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[Fraction(1, 3), Fraction(2, 6), Fraction(3, 6), Fraction(4, 6)], # fractional weights
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[True, False, True, False] # booleans (include / exclude)
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]:
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self.assertTrue(set(choices(data, weights, k=5)) <= set(data))
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with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
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choices(data, cum_weights=[1,2], k=5) # len(weights) != len(population)
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with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
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choices(data, cum_weights=10, k=5) # non-iterable cum_weights
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with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
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choices(data, cum_weights=[None]*4, k=5) # non-numeric cum_weights
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with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
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choices(data, range(4), cum_weights=range(4), k=5) # both weights and cum_weights
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for weights in [
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[15, 10, 25, 30], # integer cum_weights
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[15.1, 10.2, 25.2, 30.3], # float cum_weights
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[Fraction(1, 3), Fraction(2, 6), Fraction(3, 6), Fraction(4, 6)], # fractional cum_weights
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]:
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self.assertTrue(set(choices(data, cum_weights=weights, k=5)) <= set(data))
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# Test weight focused on a single element of the population
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self.assertEqual(choices('abcd', [1, 0, 0, 0]), ['a'])
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self.assertEqual(choices('abcd', [0, 1, 0, 0]), ['b'])
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self.assertEqual(choices('abcd', [0, 0, 1, 0]), ['c'])
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self.assertEqual(choices('abcd', [0, 0, 0, 1]), ['d'])
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# Test consistency with random.choice() for empty population
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with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
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choices([], k=1)
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with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
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choices([], weights=[], k=1)
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with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
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choices([], cum_weights=[], k=5)
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def test_choices_subnormal(self):
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# Subnormal weights would occassionally trigger an IndexError
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# in choices() when the value returned by random() was large
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# enough to make `random() * total` round up to the total.
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# See https://bugs.python.org/msg275594 for more detail.
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choices = self.gen.choices
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choices(population=[1, 2], weights=[1e-323, 1e-323], k=5000)
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def test_gauss(self):
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# Ensure that the seed() method initializes all the hidden state. In
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# particular, through 2.2.1 it failed to reset a piece of state used
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# by (and only by) the .gauss() method.
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for seed in 1, 12, 123, 1234, 12345, 123456, 654321:
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self.gen.seed(seed)
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x1 = self.gen.random()
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y1 = self.gen.gauss(0, 1)
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self.gen.seed(seed)
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x2 = self.gen.random()
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y2 = self.gen.gauss(0, 1)
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self.assertEqual(x1, x2)
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self.assertEqual(y1, y2)
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def test_pickling(self):
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for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
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state = pickle.dumps(self.gen, proto)
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origseq = [self.gen.random() for i in range(10)]
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newgen = pickle.loads(state)
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restoredseq = [newgen.random() for i in range(10)]
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self.assertEqual(origseq, restoredseq)
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def test_bug_1727780(self):
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# verify that version-2-pickles can be loaded
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# fine, whether they are created on 32-bit or 64-bit
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# platforms, and that version-3-pickles load fine.
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files = [("randv2_32.pck", 780),
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("randv2_64.pck", 866),
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("randv3.pck", 343)]
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for file, value in files:
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f = open(support.findfile(file),"rb")
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r = pickle.load(f)
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f.close()
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self.assertEqual(int(r.random()*1000), value)
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def test_bug_9025(self):
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# Had problem with an uneven distribution in int(n*random())
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# Verify the fix by checking that distributions fall within expectations.
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n = 100000
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randrange = self.gen.randrange
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k = sum(randrange(6755399441055744) % 3 == 2 for i in range(n))
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self.assertTrue(0.30 < k/n < .37, (k/n))
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try:
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random.SystemRandom().random()
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except NotImplementedError:
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SystemRandom_available = False
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else:
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SystemRandom_available = True
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@unittest.skipUnless(SystemRandom_available, "random.SystemRandom not available")
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class SystemRandom_TestBasicOps(TestBasicOps, unittest.TestCase):
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gen = random.SystemRandom()
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def test_autoseed(self):
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# Doesn't need to do anything except not fail
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self.gen.seed()
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def test_saverestore(self):
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self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, self.gen.getstate)
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self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, self.gen.setstate, None)
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def test_seedargs(self):
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# Doesn't need to do anything except not fail
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self.gen.seed(100)
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def test_gauss(self):
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self.gen.gauss_next = None
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self.gen.seed(100)
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self.assertEqual(self.gen.gauss_next, None)
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def test_pickling(self):
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for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
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self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, pickle.dumps, self.gen, proto)
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def test_53_bits_per_float(self):
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# This should pass whenever a C double has 53 bit precision.
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span = 2 ** 53
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cum = 0
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for i in range(100):
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cum |= int(self.gen.random() * span)
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self.assertEqual(cum, span-1)
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def test_bigrand(self):
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# The randrange routine should build-up the required number of bits
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# in stages so that all bit positions are active.
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span = 2 ** 500
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cum = 0
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for i in range(100):
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r = self.gen.randrange(span)
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self.assertTrue(0 <= r < span)
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cum |= r
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self.assertEqual(cum, span-1)
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def test_bigrand_ranges(self):
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for i in [40,80, 160, 200, 211, 250, 375, 512, 550]:
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start = self.gen.randrange(2 ** (i-2))
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stop = self.gen.randrange(2 ** i)
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if stop <= start:
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continue
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self.assertTrue(start <= self.gen.randrange(start, stop) < stop)
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def test_rangelimits(self):
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for start, stop in [(-2,0), (-(2**60)-2,-(2**60)), (2**60,2**60+2)]:
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self.assertEqual(set(range(start,stop)),
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set([self.gen.randrange(start,stop) for i in range(100)]))
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def test_randrange_nonunit_step(self):
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rint = self.gen.randrange(0, 10, 2)
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self.assertIn(rint, (0, 2, 4, 6, 8))
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rint = self.gen.randrange(0, 2, 2)
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self.assertEqual(rint, 0)
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def test_randrange_errors(self):
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raises = partial(self.assertRaises, ValueError, self.gen.randrange)
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# Empty range
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raises(3, 3)
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raises(-721)
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raises(0, 100, -12)
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# Non-integer start/stop
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raises(3.14159)
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raises(0, 2.71828)
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# Zero and non-integer step
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raises(0, 42, 0)
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raises(0, 42, 3.14159)
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def test_genrandbits(self):
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# Verify ranges
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for k in range(1, 1000):
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self.assertTrue(0 <= self.gen.getrandbits(k) < 2**k)
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# Verify all bits active
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getbits = self.gen.getrandbits
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for span in [1, 2, 3, 4, 31, 32, 32, 52, 53, 54, 119, 127, 128, 129]:
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cum = 0
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for i in range(100):
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cum |= getbits(span)
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self.assertEqual(cum, 2**span-1)
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# Verify argument checking
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self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.gen.getrandbits)
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self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.gen.getrandbits, 1, 2)
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self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.gen.getrandbits, 0)
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self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.gen.getrandbits, -1)
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self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.gen.getrandbits, 10.1)
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def test_randbelow_logic(self, _log=log, int=int):
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# check bitcount transition points: 2**i and 2**(i+1)-1
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# show that: k = int(1.001 + _log(n, 2))
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# is equal to or one greater than the number of bits in n
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for i in range(1, 1000):
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n = 1 << i # check an exact power of two
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numbits = i+1
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k = int(1.00001 + _log(n, 2))
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self.assertEqual(k, numbits)
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self.assertEqual(n, 2**(k-1))
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n += n - 1 # check 1 below the next power of two
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k = int(1.00001 + _log(n, 2))
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self.assertIn(k, [numbits, numbits+1])
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self.assertTrue(2**k > n > 2**(k-2))
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n -= n >> 15 # check a little farther below the next power of two
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k = int(1.00001 + _log(n, 2))
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self.assertEqual(k, numbits) # note the stronger assertion
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self.assertTrue(2**k > n > 2**(k-1)) # note the stronger assertion
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class MersenneTwister_TestBasicOps(TestBasicOps, unittest.TestCase):
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gen = random.Random()
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def test_guaranteed_stable(self):
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# These sequences are guaranteed to stay the same across versions of python
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self.gen.seed(3456147, version=1)
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self.assertEqual([self.gen.random().hex() for i in range(4)],
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['0x1.ac362300d90d2p-1', '0x1.9d16f74365005p-1',
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'0x1.1ebb4352e4c4dp-1', '0x1.1a7422abf9c11p-1'])
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self.gen.seed("the quick brown fox", version=2)
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self.assertEqual([self.gen.random().hex() for i in range(4)],
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['0x1.1239ddfb11b7cp-3', '0x1.b3cbb5c51b120p-4',
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'0x1.8c4f55116b60fp-1', '0x1.63eb525174a27p-1'])
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def test_bug_27706(self):
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# Verify that version 1 seeds are unaffected by hash randomization
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self.gen.seed('nofar', version=1) # hash('nofar') == 5990528763808513177
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self.assertEqual([self.gen.random().hex() for i in range(4)],
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['0x1.8645314505ad7p-1', '0x1.afb1f82e40a40p-5',
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'0x1.2a59d2285e971p-1', '0x1.56977142a7880p-6'])
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self.gen.seed('rachel', version=1) # hash('rachel') == -9091735575445484789
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self.assertEqual([self.gen.random().hex() for i in range(4)],
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['0x1.0b294cc856fcdp-1', '0x1.2ad22d79e77b8p-3',
|
|
'0x1.3052b9c072678p-2', '0x1.578f332106574p-3'])
|
|
|
|
self.gen.seed('', version=1) # hash('') == 0
|
|
self.assertEqual([self.gen.random().hex() for i in range(4)],
|
|
['0x1.b0580f98a7dbep-1', '0x1.84129978f9c1ap-1',
|
|
'0x1.aeaa51052e978p-2', '0x1.092178fb945a6p-2'])
|
|
|
|
def test_bug_31478(self):
|
|
# There shouldn't be an assertion failure in _random.Random.seed() in
|
|
# case the argument has a bad __abs__() method.
|
|
class BadInt(int):
|
|
def __abs__(self):
|
|
return None
|
|
try:
|
|
self.gen.seed(BadInt())
|
|
except TypeError:
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
def test_bug_31482(self):
|
|
# Verify that version 1 seeds are unaffected by hash randomization
|
|
# when the seeds are expressed as bytes rather than strings.
|
|
# The hash(b) values listed are the Python2.7 hash() values
|
|
# which were used for seeding.
|
|
|
|
self.gen.seed(b'nofar', version=1) # hash('nofar') == 5990528763808513177
|
|
self.assertEqual([self.gen.random().hex() for i in range(4)],
|
|
['0x1.8645314505ad7p-1', '0x1.afb1f82e40a40p-5',
|
|
'0x1.2a59d2285e971p-1', '0x1.56977142a7880p-6'])
|
|
|
|
self.gen.seed(b'rachel', version=1) # hash('rachel') == -9091735575445484789
|
|
self.assertEqual([self.gen.random().hex() for i in range(4)],
|
|
['0x1.0b294cc856fcdp-1', '0x1.2ad22d79e77b8p-3',
|
|
'0x1.3052b9c072678p-2', '0x1.578f332106574p-3'])
|
|
|
|
self.gen.seed(b'', version=1) # hash('') == 0
|
|
self.assertEqual([self.gen.random().hex() for i in range(4)],
|
|
['0x1.b0580f98a7dbep-1', '0x1.84129978f9c1ap-1',
|
|
'0x1.aeaa51052e978p-2', '0x1.092178fb945a6p-2'])
|
|
|
|
b = b'\x00\x20\x40\x60\x80\xA0\xC0\xE0\xF0'
|
|
self.gen.seed(b, version=1) # hash(b) == 5015594239749365497
|
|
self.assertEqual([self.gen.random().hex() for i in range(4)],
|
|
['0x1.52c2fde444d23p-1', '0x1.875174f0daea4p-2',
|
|
'0x1.9e9b2c50e5cd2p-1', '0x1.fa57768bd321cp-2'])
|
|
|
|
def test_setstate_first_arg(self):
|
|
self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.gen.setstate, (1, None, None))
|
|
|
|
def test_setstate_middle_arg(self):
|
|
start_state = self.gen.getstate()
|
|
# Wrong type, s/b tuple
|
|
self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.gen.setstate, (2, None, None))
|
|
# Wrong length, s/b 625
|
|
self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.gen.setstate, (2, (1,2,3), None))
|
|
# Wrong type, s/b tuple of 625 ints
|
|
self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.gen.setstate, (2, ('a',)*625, None))
|
|
# Last element s/b an int also
|
|
self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.gen.setstate, (2, (0,)*624+('a',), None))
|
|
# Last element s/b between 0 and 624
|
|
with self.assertRaises((ValueError, OverflowError)):
|
|
self.gen.setstate((2, (1,)*624+(625,), None))
|
|
with self.assertRaises((ValueError, OverflowError)):
|
|
self.gen.setstate((2, (1,)*624+(-1,), None))
|
|
# Failed calls to setstate() should not have changed the state.
|
|
bits100 = self.gen.getrandbits(100)
|
|
self.gen.setstate(start_state)
|
|
self.assertEqual(self.gen.getrandbits(100), bits100)
|
|
|
|
# Little trick to make "tuple(x % (2**32) for x in internalstate)"
|
|
# raise ValueError. I cannot think of a simple way to achieve this, so
|
|
# I am opting for using a generator as the middle argument of setstate
|
|
# which attempts to cast a NaN to integer.
|
|
state_values = self.gen.getstate()[1]
|
|
state_values = list(state_values)
|
|
state_values[-1] = float('nan')
|
|
state = (int(x) for x in state_values)
|
|
self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.gen.setstate, (2, state, None))
|
|
|
|
def test_referenceImplementation(self):
|
|
# Compare the python implementation with results from the original
|
|
# code. Create 2000 53-bit precision random floats. Compare only
|
|
# the last ten entries to show that the independent implementations
|
|
# are tracking. Here is the main() function needed to create the
|
|
# list of expected random numbers:
|
|
# void main(void){
|
|
# int i;
|
|
# unsigned long init[4]={61731, 24903, 614, 42143}, length=4;
|
|
# init_by_array(init, length);
|
|
# for (i=0; i<2000; i++) {
|
|
# printf("%.15f ", genrand_res53());
|
|
# if (i%5==4) printf("\n");
|
|
# }
|
|
# }
|
|
expected = [0.45839803073713259,
|
|
0.86057815201978782,
|
|
0.92848331726782152,
|
|
0.35932681119782461,
|
|
0.081823493762449573,
|
|
0.14332226470169329,
|
|
0.084297823823520024,
|
|
0.53814864671831453,
|
|
0.089215024911993401,
|
|
0.78486196105372907]
|
|
|
|
self.gen.seed(61731 + (24903<<32) + (614<<64) + (42143<<96))
|
|
actual = self.randomlist(2000)[-10:]
|
|
for a, e in zip(actual, expected):
|
|
self.assertAlmostEqual(a,e,places=14)
|
|
|
|
def test_strong_reference_implementation(self):
|
|
# Like test_referenceImplementation, but checks for exact bit-level
|
|
# equality. This should pass on any box where C double contains
|
|
# at least 53 bits of precision (the underlying algorithm suffers
|
|
# no rounding errors -- all results are exact).
|
|
from math import ldexp
|
|
|
|
expected = [0x0eab3258d2231f,
|
|
0x1b89db315277a5,
|
|
0x1db622a5518016,
|
|
0x0b7f9af0d575bf,
|
|
0x029e4c4db82240,
|
|
0x04961892f5d673,
|
|
0x02b291598e4589,
|
|
0x11388382c15694,
|
|
0x02dad977c9e1fe,
|
|
0x191d96d4d334c6]
|
|
self.gen.seed(61731 + (24903<<32) + (614<<64) + (42143<<96))
|
|
actual = self.randomlist(2000)[-10:]
|
|
for a, e in zip(actual, expected):
|
|
self.assertEqual(int(ldexp(a, 53)), e)
|
|
|
|
def test_long_seed(self):
|
|
# This is most interesting to run in debug mode, just to make sure
|
|
# nothing blows up. Under the covers, a dynamically resized array
|
|
# is allocated, consuming space proportional to the number of bits
|
|
# in the seed. Unfortunately, that's a quadratic-time algorithm,
|
|
# so don't make this horribly big.
|
|
seed = (1 << (10000 * 8)) - 1 # about 10K bytes
|
|
self.gen.seed(seed)
|
|
|
|
def test_53_bits_per_float(self):
|
|
# This should pass whenever a C double has 53 bit precision.
|
|
span = 2 ** 53
|
|
cum = 0
|
|
for i in range(100):
|
|
cum |= int(self.gen.random() * span)
|
|
self.assertEqual(cum, span-1)
|
|
|
|
def test_bigrand(self):
|
|
# The randrange routine should build-up the required number of bits
|
|
# in stages so that all bit positions are active.
|
|
span = 2 ** 500
|
|
cum = 0
|
|
for i in range(100):
|
|
r = self.gen.randrange(span)
|
|
self.assertTrue(0 <= r < span)
|
|
cum |= r
|
|
self.assertEqual(cum, span-1)
|
|
|
|
def test_bigrand_ranges(self):
|
|
for i in [40,80, 160, 200, 211, 250, 375, 512, 550]:
|
|
start = self.gen.randrange(2 ** (i-2))
|
|
stop = self.gen.randrange(2 ** i)
|
|
if stop <= start:
|
|
continue
|
|
self.assertTrue(start <= self.gen.randrange(start, stop) < stop)
|
|
|
|
def test_rangelimits(self):
|
|
for start, stop in [(-2,0), (-(2**60)-2,-(2**60)), (2**60,2**60+2)]:
|
|
self.assertEqual(set(range(start,stop)),
|
|
set([self.gen.randrange(start,stop) for i in range(100)]))
|
|
|
|
def test_genrandbits(self):
|
|
# Verify cross-platform repeatability
|
|
self.gen.seed(1234567)
|
|
self.assertEqual(self.gen.getrandbits(100),
|
|
97904845777343510404718956115)
|
|
# Verify ranges
|
|
for k in range(1, 1000):
|
|
self.assertTrue(0 <= self.gen.getrandbits(k) < 2**k)
|
|
|
|
# Verify all bits active
|
|
getbits = self.gen.getrandbits
|
|
for span in [1, 2, 3, 4, 31, 32, 32, 52, 53, 54, 119, 127, 128, 129]:
|
|
cum = 0
|
|
for i in range(100):
|
|
cum |= getbits(span)
|
|
self.assertEqual(cum, 2**span-1)
|
|
|
|
# Verify argument checking
|
|
self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.gen.getrandbits)
|
|
self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.gen.getrandbits, 'a')
|
|
self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.gen.getrandbits, 1, 2)
|
|
self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.gen.getrandbits, 0)
|
|
self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.gen.getrandbits, -1)
|
|
|
|
def test_randrange_uses_getrandbits(self):
|
|
# Verify use of getrandbits by randrange
|
|
# Use same seed as in the cross-platform repeatability test
|
|
# in test_genrandbits above.
|
|
self.gen.seed(1234567)
|
|
# If randrange uses getrandbits, it should pick getrandbits(100)
|
|
# when called with a 100-bits stop argument.
|
|
self.assertEqual(self.gen.randrange(2**99),
|
|
97904845777343510404718956115)
|
|
|
|
def test_randbelow_logic(self, _log=log, int=int):
|
|
# check bitcount transition points: 2**i and 2**(i+1)-1
|
|
# show that: k = int(1.001 + _log(n, 2))
|
|
# is equal to or one greater than the number of bits in n
|
|
for i in range(1, 1000):
|
|
n = 1 << i # check an exact power of two
|
|
numbits = i+1
|
|
k = int(1.00001 + _log(n, 2))
|
|
self.assertEqual(k, numbits)
|
|
self.assertEqual(n, 2**(k-1))
|
|
|
|
n += n - 1 # check 1 below the next power of two
|
|
k = int(1.00001 + _log(n, 2))
|
|
self.assertIn(k, [numbits, numbits+1])
|
|
self.assertTrue(2**k > n > 2**(k-2))
|
|
|
|
n -= n >> 15 # check a little farther below the next power of two
|
|
k = int(1.00001 + _log(n, 2))
|
|
self.assertEqual(k, numbits) # note the stronger assertion
|
|
self.assertTrue(2**k > n > 2**(k-1)) # note the stronger assertion
|
|
|
|
def test_randbelow_without_getrandbits(self):
|
|
# Random._randbelow() can only use random() when the built-in one
|
|
# has been overridden but no new getrandbits() method was supplied.
|
|
maxsize = 1<<random.BPF
|
|
with warnings.catch_warnings():
|
|
warnings.simplefilter("ignore", UserWarning)
|
|
# Population range too large (n >= maxsize)
|
|
self.gen._randbelow_without_getrandbits(
|
|
maxsize+1, maxsize=maxsize
|
|
)
|
|
self.gen._randbelow_without_getrandbits(5640, maxsize=maxsize)
|
|
# issue 33203: test that _randbelow raises ValueError on
|
|
# n == 0 also in its getrandbits-independent branch.
|
|
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
|
|
self.gen._randbelow_without_getrandbits(0, maxsize=maxsize)
|
|
|
|
# This might be going too far to test a single line, but because of our
|
|
# noble aim of achieving 100% test coverage we need to write a case in
|
|
# which the following line in Random._randbelow() gets executed:
|
|
#
|
|
# rem = maxsize % n
|
|
# limit = (maxsize - rem) / maxsize
|
|
# r = random()
|
|
# while r >= limit:
|
|
# r = random() # <== *This line* <==<
|
|
#
|
|
# Therefore, to guarantee that the while loop is executed at least
|
|
# once, we need to mock random() so that it returns a number greater
|
|
# than 'limit' the first time it gets called.
|
|
|
|
n = 42
|
|
epsilon = 0.01
|
|
limit = (maxsize - (maxsize % n)) / maxsize
|
|
with unittest.mock.patch.object(random.Random, 'random') as random_mock:
|
|
random_mock.side_effect = [limit + epsilon, limit - epsilon]
|
|
self.gen._randbelow_without_getrandbits(n, maxsize=maxsize)
|
|
self.assertEqual(random_mock.call_count, 2)
|
|
|
|
def test_randrange_bug_1590891(self):
|
|
start = 1000000000000
|
|
stop = -100000000000000000000
|
|
step = -200
|
|
x = self.gen.randrange(start, stop, step)
|
|
self.assertTrue(stop < x <= start)
|
|
self.assertEqual((x+stop)%step, 0)
|
|
|
|
def test_choices_algorithms(self):
|
|
# The various ways of specifying weights should produce the same results
|
|
choices = self.gen.choices
|
|
n = 104729
|
|
|
|
self.gen.seed(8675309)
|
|
a = self.gen.choices(range(n), k=10000)
|
|
|
|
self.gen.seed(8675309)
|
|
b = self.gen.choices(range(n), [1]*n, k=10000)
|
|
self.assertEqual(a, b)
|
|
|
|
self.gen.seed(8675309)
|
|
c = self.gen.choices(range(n), cum_weights=range(1, n+1), k=10000)
|
|
self.assertEqual(a, c)
|
|
|
|
# Amerian Roulette
|
|
population = ['Red', 'Black', 'Green']
|
|
weights = [18, 18, 2]
|
|
cum_weights = [18, 36, 38]
|
|
expanded_population = ['Red'] * 18 + ['Black'] * 18 + ['Green'] * 2
|
|
|
|
self.gen.seed(9035768)
|
|
a = self.gen.choices(expanded_population, k=10000)
|
|
|
|
self.gen.seed(9035768)
|
|
b = self.gen.choices(population, weights, k=10000)
|
|
self.assertEqual(a, b)
|
|
|
|
self.gen.seed(9035768)
|
|
c = self.gen.choices(population, cum_weights=cum_weights, k=10000)
|
|
self.assertEqual(a, c)
|
|
|
|
def gamma(z, sqrt2pi=(2.0*pi)**0.5):
|
|
# Reflection to right half of complex plane
|
|
if z < 0.5:
|
|
return pi / sin(pi*z) / gamma(1.0-z)
|
|
# Lanczos approximation with g=7
|
|
az = z + (7.0 - 0.5)
|
|
return az ** (z-0.5) / exp(az) * sqrt2pi * fsum([
|
|
0.9999999999995183,
|
|
676.5203681218835 / z,
|
|
-1259.139216722289 / (z+1.0),
|
|
771.3234287757674 / (z+2.0),
|
|
-176.6150291498386 / (z+3.0),
|
|
12.50734324009056 / (z+4.0),
|
|
-0.1385710331296526 / (z+5.0),
|
|
0.9934937113930748e-05 / (z+6.0),
|
|
0.1659470187408462e-06 / (z+7.0),
|
|
])
|
|
|
|
class TestDistributions(unittest.TestCase):
|
|
def test_zeroinputs(self):
|
|
# Verify that distributions can handle a series of zero inputs'
|
|
g = random.Random()
|
|
x = [g.random() for i in range(50)] + [0.0]*5
|
|
g.random = x[:].pop; g.uniform(1,10)
|
|
g.random = x[:].pop; g.paretovariate(1.0)
|
|
g.random = x[:].pop; g.expovariate(1.0)
|
|
g.random = x[:].pop; g.weibullvariate(1.0, 1.0)
|
|
g.random = x[:].pop; g.vonmisesvariate(1.0, 1.0)
|
|
g.random = x[:].pop; g.normalvariate(0.0, 1.0)
|
|
g.random = x[:].pop; g.gauss(0.0, 1.0)
|
|
g.random = x[:].pop; g.lognormvariate(0.0, 1.0)
|
|
g.random = x[:].pop; g.vonmisesvariate(0.0, 1.0)
|
|
g.random = x[:].pop; g.gammavariate(0.01, 1.0)
|
|
g.random = x[:].pop; g.gammavariate(1.0, 1.0)
|
|
g.random = x[:].pop; g.gammavariate(200.0, 1.0)
|
|
g.random = x[:].pop; g.betavariate(3.0, 3.0)
|
|
g.random = x[:].pop; g.triangular(0.0, 1.0, 1.0/3.0)
|
|
|
|
def test_avg_std(self):
|
|
# Use integration to test distribution average and standard deviation.
|
|
# Only works for distributions which do not consume variates in pairs
|
|
g = random.Random()
|
|
N = 5000
|
|
x = [i/float(N) for i in range(1,N)]
|
|
for variate, args, mu, sigmasqrd in [
|
|
(g.uniform, (1.0,10.0), (10.0+1.0)/2, (10.0-1.0)**2/12),
|
|
(g.triangular, (0.0, 1.0, 1.0/3.0), 4.0/9.0, 7.0/9.0/18.0),
|
|
(g.expovariate, (1.5,), 1/1.5, 1/1.5**2),
|
|
(g.vonmisesvariate, (1.23, 0), pi, pi**2/3),
|
|
(g.paretovariate, (5.0,), 5.0/(5.0-1),
|
|
5.0/((5.0-1)**2*(5.0-2))),
|
|
(g.weibullvariate, (1.0, 3.0), gamma(1+1/3.0),
|
|
gamma(1+2/3.0)-gamma(1+1/3.0)**2) ]:
|
|
g.random = x[:].pop
|
|
y = []
|
|
for i in range(len(x)):
|
|
try:
|
|
y.append(variate(*args))
|
|
except IndexError:
|
|
pass
|
|
s1 = s2 = 0
|
|
for e in y:
|
|
s1 += e
|
|
s2 += (e - mu) ** 2
|
|
N = len(y)
|
|
self.assertAlmostEqual(s1/N, mu, places=2,
|
|
msg='%s%r' % (variate.__name__, args))
|
|
self.assertAlmostEqual(s2/(N-1), sigmasqrd, places=2,
|
|
msg='%s%r' % (variate.__name__, args))
|
|
|
|
def test_constant(self):
|
|
g = random.Random()
|
|
N = 100
|
|
for variate, args, expected in [
|
|
(g.uniform, (10.0, 10.0), 10.0),
|
|
(g.triangular, (10.0, 10.0), 10.0),
|
|
(g.triangular, (10.0, 10.0, 10.0), 10.0),
|
|
(g.expovariate, (float('inf'),), 0.0),
|
|
(g.vonmisesvariate, (3.0, float('inf')), 3.0),
|
|
(g.gauss, (10.0, 0.0), 10.0),
|
|
(g.lognormvariate, (0.0, 0.0), 1.0),
|
|
(g.lognormvariate, (-float('inf'), 0.0), 0.0),
|
|
(g.normalvariate, (10.0, 0.0), 10.0),
|
|
(g.paretovariate, (float('inf'),), 1.0),
|
|
(g.weibullvariate, (10.0, float('inf')), 10.0),
|
|
(g.weibullvariate, (0.0, 10.0), 0.0),
|
|
]:
|
|
for i in range(N):
|
|
self.assertEqual(variate(*args), expected)
|
|
|
|
def test_von_mises_range(self):
|
|
# Issue 17149: von mises variates were not consistently in the
|
|
# range [0, 2*PI].
|
|
g = random.Random()
|
|
N = 100
|
|
for mu in 0.0, 0.1, 3.1, 6.2:
|
|
for kappa in 0.0, 2.3, 500.0:
|
|
for _ in range(N):
|
|
sample = g.vonmisesvariate(mu, kappa)
|
|
self.assertTrue(
|
|
0 <= sample <= random.TWOPI,
|
|
msg=("vonmisesvariate({}, {}) produced a result {} out"
|
|
" of range [0, 2*pi]").format(mu, kappa, sample))
|
|
|
|
def test_von_mises_large_kappa(self):
|
|
# Issue #17141: vonmisesvariate() was hang for large kappas
|
|
random.vonmisesvariate(0, 1e15)
|
|
random.vonmisesvariate(0, 1e100)
|
|
|
|
def test_gammavariate_errors(self):
|
|
# Both alpha and beta must be > 0.0
|
|
self.assertRaises(ValueError, random.gammavariate, -1, 3)
|
|
self.assertRaises(ValueError, random.gammavariate, 0, 2)
|
|
self.assertRaises(ValueError, random.gammavariate, 2, 0)
|
|
self.assertRaises(ValueError, random.gammavariate, 1, -3)
|
|
|
|
# There are three different possibilities in the current implementation
|
|
# of random.gammavariate(), depending on the value of 'alpha'. What we
|
|
# are going to do here is to fix the values returned by random() to
|
|
# generate test cases that provide 100% line coverage of the method.
|
|
@unittest.mock.patch('random.Random.random')
|
|
def test_gammavariate_alpha_greater_one(self, random_mock):
|
|
|
|
# #1: alpha > 1.0.
|
|
# We want the first random number to be outside the
|
|
# [1e-7, .9999999] range, so that the continue statement executes
|
|
# once. The values of u1 and u2 will be 0.5 and 0.3, respectively.
|
|
random_mock.side_effect = [1e-8, 0.5, 0.3]
|
|
returned_value = random.gammavariate(1.1, 2.3)
|
|
self.assertAlmostEqual(returned_value, 2.53)
|
|
|
|
@unittest.mock.patch('random.Random.random')
|
|
def test_gammavariate_alpha_equal_one(self, random_mock):
|
|
|
|
# #2.a: alpha == 1.
|
|
# The execution body of the while loop executes once.
|
|
# Then random.random() returns 0.45,
|
|
# which causes while to stop looping and the algorithm to terminate.
|
|
random_mock.side_effect = [0.45]
|
|
returned_value = random.gammavariate(1.0, 3.14)
|
|
self.assertAlmostEqual(returned_value, 1.877208182372648)
|
|
|
|
@unittest.mock.patch('random.Random.random')
|
|
def test_gammavariate_alpha_equal_one_equals_expovariate(self, random_mock):
|
|
|
|
# #2.b: alpha == 1.
|
|
# It must be equivalent of calling expovariate(1.0 / beta).
|
|
beta = 3.14
|
|
random_mock.side_effect = [1e-8, 1e-8]
|
|
gammavariate_returned_value = random.gammavariate(1.0, beta)
|
|
expovariate_returned_value = random.expovariate(1.0 / beta)
|
|
self.assertAlmostEqual(gammavariate_returned_value, expovariate_returned_value)
|
|
|
|
@unittest.mock.patch('random.Random.random')
|
|
def test_gammavariate_alpha_between_zero_and_one(self, random_mock):
|
|
|
|
# #3: 0 < alpha < 1.
|
|
# This is the most complex region of code to cover,
|
|
# as there are multiple if-else statements. Let's take a look at the
|
|
# source code, and determine the values that we need accordingly:
|
|
#
|
|
# while 1:
|
|
# u = random()
|
|
# b = (_e + alpha)/_e
|
|
# p = b*u
|
|
# if p <= 1.0: # <=== (A)
|
|
# x = p ** (1.0/alpha)
|
|
# else: # <=== (B)
|
|
# x = -_log((b-p)/alpha)
|
|
# u1 = random()
|
|
# if p > 1.0: # <=== (C)
|
|
# if u1 <= x ** (alpha - 1.0): # <=== (D)
|
|
# break
|
|
# elif u1 <= _exp(-x): # <=== (E)
|
|
# break
|
|
# return x * beta
|
|
#
|
|
# First, we want (A) to be True. For that we need that:
|
|
# b*random() <= 1.0
|
|
# r1 = random() <= 1.0 / b
|
|
#
|
|
# We now get to the second if-else branch, and here, since p <= 1.0,
|
|
# (C) is False and we take the elif branch, (E). For it to be True,
|
|
# so that the break is executed, we need that:
|
|
# r2 = random() <= _exp(-x)
|
|
# r2 <= _exp(-(p ** (1.0/alpha)))
|
|
# r2 <= _exp(-((b*r1) ** (1.0/alpha)))
|
|
|
|
_e = random._e
|
|
_exp = random._exp
|
|
_log = random._log
|
|
alpha = 0.35
|
|
beta = 1.45
|
|
b = (_e + alpha)/_e
|
|
epsilon = 0.01
|
|
|
|
r1 = 0.8859296441566 # 1.0 / b
|
|
r2 = 0.3678794411714 # _exp(-((b*r1) ** (1.0/alpha)))
|
|
|
|
# These four "random" values result in the following trace:
|
|
# (A) True, (E) False --> [next iteration of while]
|
|
# (A) True, (E) True --> [while loop breaks]
|
|
random_mock.side_effect = [r1, r2 + epsilon, r1, r2]
|
|
returned_value = random.gammavariate(alpha, beta)
|
|
self.assertAlmostEqual(returned_value, 1.4499999999997544)
|
|
|
|
# Let's now make (A) be False. If this is the case, when we get to the
|
|
# second if-else 'p' is greater than 1, so (C) evaluates to True. We
|
|
# now encounter a second if statement, (D), which in order to execute
|
|
# must satisfy the following condition:
|
|
# r2 <= x ** (alpha - 1.0)
|
|
# r2 <= (-_log((b-p)/alpha)) ** (alpha - 1.0)
|
|
# r2 <= (-_log((b-(b*r1))/alpha)) ** (alpha - 1.0)
|
|
r1 = 0.8959296441566 # (1.0 / b) + epsilon -- so that (A) is False
|
|
r2 = 0.9445400408898141
|
|
|
|
# And these four values result in the following trace:
|
|
# (B) and (C) True, (D) False --> [next iteration of while]
|
|
# (B) and (C) True, (D) True [while loop breaks]
|
|
random_mock.side_effect = [r1, r2 + epsilon, r1, r2]
|
|
returned_value = random.gammavariate(alpha, beta)
|
|
self.assertAlmostEqual(returned_value, 1.5830349561760781)
|
|
|
|
@unittest.mock.patch('random.Random.gammavariate')
|
|
def test_betavariate_return_zero(self, gammavariate_mock):
|
|
# betavariate() returns zero when the Gamma distribution
|
|
# that it uses internally returns this same value.
|
|
gammavariate_mock.return_value = 0.0
|
|
self.assertEqual(0.0, random.betavariate(2.71828, 3.14159))
|
|
|
|
|
|
class TestRandomSubclassing(unittest.TestCase):
|
|
def test_random_subclass_with_kwargs(self):
|
|
# SF bug #1486663 -- this used to erroneously raise a TypeError
|
|
class Subclass(random.Random):
|
|
def __init__(self, newarg=None):
|
|
random.Random.__init__(self)
|
|
Subclass(newarg=1)
|
|
|
|
def test_subclasses_overriding_methods(self):
|
|
# Subclasses with an overridden random, but only the original
|
|
# getrandbits method should not rely on getrandbits in for randrange,
|
|
# but should use a getrandbits-independent implementation instead.
|
|
|
|
# subclass providing its own random **and** getrandbits methods
|
|
# like random.SystemRandom does => keep relying on getrandbits for
|
|
# randrange
|
|
class SubClass1(random.Random):
|
|
def random(self):
|
|
called.add('SubClass1.random')
|
|
return random.Random.random(self)
|
|
|
|
def getrandbits(self, n):
|
|
called.add('SubClass1.getrandbits')
|
|
return random.Random.getrandbits(self, n)
|
|
called = set()
|
|
SubClass1().randrange(42)
|
|
self.assertEqual(called, {'SubClass1.getrandbits'})
|
|
|
|
# subclass providing only random => can only use random for randrange
|
|
class SubClass2(random.Random):
|
|
def random(self):
|
|
called.add('SubClass2.random')
|
|
return random.Random.random(self)
|
|
called = set()
|
|
SubClass2().randrange(42)
|
|
self.assertEqual(called, {'SubClass2.random'})
|
|
|
|
# subclass defining getrandbits to complement its inherited random
|
|
# => can now rely on getrandbits for randrange again
|
|
class SubClass3(SubClass2):
|
|
def getrandbits(self, n):
|
|
called.add('SubClass3.getrandbits')
|
|
return random.Random.getrandbits(self, n)
|
|
called = set()
|
|
SubClass3().randrange(42)
|
|
self.assertEqual(called, {'SubClass3.getrandbits'})
|
|
|
|
# subclass providing only random and inherited getrandbits
|
|
# => random takes precedence
|
|
class SubClass4(SubClass3):
|
|
def random(self):
|
|
called.add('SubClass4.random')
|
|
return random.Random.random(self)
|
|
called = set()
|
|
SubClass4().randrange(42)
|
|
self.assertEqual(called, {'SubClass4.random'})
|
|
|
|
# Following subclasses don't define random or getrandbits directly,
|
|
# but inherit them from classes which are not subclasses of Random
|
|
class Mixin1:
|
|
def random(self):
|
|
called.add('Mixin1.random')
|
|
return random.Random.random(self)
|
|
class Mixin2:
|
|
def getrandbits(self, n):
|
|
called.add('Mixin2.getrandbits')
|
|
return random.Random.getrandbits(self, n)
|
|
|
|
class SubClass5(Mixin1, random.Random):
|
|
pass
|
|
called = set()
|
|
SubClass5().randrange(42)
|
|
self.assertEqual(called, {'Mixin1.random'})
|
|
|
|
class SubClass6(Mixin2, random.Random):
|
|
pass
|
|
called = set()
|
|
SubClass6().randrange(42)
|
|
self.assertEqual(called, {'Mixin2.getrandbits'})
|
|
|
|
class SubClass7(Mixin1, Mixin2, random.Random):
|
|
pass
|
|
called = set()
|
|
SubClass7().randrange(42)
|
|
self.assertEqual(called, {'Mixin1.random'})
|
|
|
|
class SubClass8(Mixin2, Mixin1, random.Random):
|
|
pass
|
|
called = set()
|
|
SubClass8().randrange(42)
|
|
self.assertEqual(called, {'Mixin2.getrandbits'})
|
|
|
|
|
|
class TestModule(unittest.TestCase):
|
|
def testMagicConstants(self):
|
|
self.assertAlmostEqual(random.NV_MAGICCONST, 1.71552776992141)
|
|
self.assertAlmostEqual(random.TWOPI, 6.28318530718)
|
|
self.assertAlmostEqual(random.LOG4, 1.38629436111989)
|
|
self.assertAlmostEqual(random.SG_MAGICCONST, 2.50407739677627)
|
|
|
|
def test__all__(self):
|
|
# tests validity but not completeness of the __all__ list
|
|
self.assertTrue(set(random.__all__) <= set(dir(random)))
|
|
|
|
@unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, "fork"), "fork() required")
|
|
def test_after_fork(self):
|
|
# Test the global Random instance gets reseeded in child
|
|
r, w = os.pipe()
|
|
pid = os.fork()
|
|
if pid == 0:
|
|
# child process
|
|
try:
|
|
val = random.getrandbits(128)
|
|
with open(w, "w") as f:
|
|
f.write(str(val))
|
|
finally:
|
|
os._exit(0)
|
|
else:
|
|
# parent process
|
|
os.close(w)
|
|
val = random.getrandbits(128)
|
|
with open(r, "r") as f:
|
|
child_val = eval(f.read())
|
|
self.assertNotEqual(val, child_val)
|
|
|
|
pid, status = os.waitpid(pid, 0)
|
|
self.assertEqual(status, 0)
|
|
|
|
|
|
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
|
unittest.main()
|