199 lines
8.7 KiB
ReStructuredText
199 lines
8.7 KiB
ReStructuredText
:mod:`email`: Creating email and MIME objects from scratch
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
.. module:: email.mime
|
|
:synopsis: Build MIME messages.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinarily, you get a message object structure by passing a file or some text to
|
|
a parser, which parses the text and returns the root message object. However
|
|
you can also build a complete message structure from scratch, or even individual
|
|
:class:`~email.message.Message` objects by hand. In fact, you can also take an
|
|
existing structure and add new :class:`~email.message.Message` objects, move them
|
|
around, etc. This makes a very convenient interface for slicing-and-dicing MIME
|
|
messages.
|
|
|
|
You can create a new object structure by creating :class:`~email.message.Message`
|
|
instances, adding attachments and all the appropriate headers manually. For MIME
|
|
messages though, the :mod:`email` package provides some convenient subclasses to
|
|
make things easier.
|
|
|
|
Here are the classes:
|
|
|
|
.. currentmodule:: email.mime.base
|
|
|
|
.. class:: MIMEBase(_maintype, _subtype, **_params)
|
|
|
|
Module: :mod:`email.mime.base`
|
|
|
|
This is the base class for all the MIME-specific subclasses of
|
|
:class:`~email.message.Message`. Ordinarily you won't create instances
|
|
specifically of :class:`MIMEBase`, although you could. :class:`MIMEBase`
|
|
is provided primarily as a convenient base class for more specific
|
|
MIME-aware subclasses.
|
|
|
|
*_maintype* is the :mailheader:`Content-Type` major type (e.g. :mimetype:`text`
|
|
or :mimetype:`image`), and *_subtype* is the :mailheader:`Content-Type` minor
|
|
type (e.g. :mimetype:`plain` or :mimetype:`gif`). *_params* is a parameter
|
|
key/value dictionary and is passed directly to :meth:`Message.add_header`.
|
|
|
|
The :class:`MIMEBase` class always adds a :mailheader:`Content-Type` header
|
|
(based on *_maintype*, *_subtype*, and *_params*), and a
|
|
:mailheader:`MIME-Version` header (always set to ``1.0``).
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. currentmodule:: email.mime.nonmultipart
|
|
|
|
.. class:: MIMENonMultipart()
|
|
|
|
Module: :mod:`email.mime.nonmultipart`
|
|
|
|
A subclass of :class:`~email.mime.base.MIMEBase`, this is an intermediate base
|
|
class for MIME messages that are not :mimetype:`multipart`. The primary
|
|
purpose of this class is to prevent the use of the :meth:`attach` method,
|
|
which only makes sense for :mimetype:`multipart` messages. If :meth:`attach`
|
|
is called, a :exc:`~email.errors.MultipartConversionError` exception is raised.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 2.2.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. currentmodule:: email.mime.multipart
|
|
|
|
.. class:: MIMEMultipart([_subtype[, boundary[, _subparts[, _params]]]])
|
|
|
|
Module: :mod:`email.mime.multipart`
|
|
|
|
A subclass of :class:`~email.mime.base.MIMEBase`, this is an intermediate base
|
|
class for MIME messages that are :mimetype:`multipart`. Optional *_subtype*
|
|
defaults to :mimetype:`mixed`, but can be used to specify the subtype of the
|
|
message. A :mailheader:`Content-Type` header of :mimetype:`multipart/_subtype`
|
|
will be added to the message object. A :mailheader:`MIME-Version` header will
|
|
also be added.
|
|
|
|
Optional *boundary* is the multipart boundary string. When ``None`` (the
|
|
default), the boundary is calculated when needed.
|
|
|
|
*_subparts* is a sequence of initial subparts for the payload. It must be
|
|
possible to convert this sequence to a list. You can always attach new subparts
|
|
to the message by using the :meth:`Message.attach` method.
|
|
|
|
Additional parameters for the :mailheader:`Content-Type` header are taken from
|
|
the keyword arguments, or passed into the *_params* argument, which is a keyword
|
|
dictionary.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 2.2.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. currentmodule:: email.mime.application
|
|
|
|
.. class:: MIMEApplication(_data[, _subtype[, _encoder[, **_params]]])
|
|
|
|
Module: :mod:`email.mime.application`
|
|
|
|
A subclass of :class:`~email.mime.nonmultipart.MIMENonMultipart`, the
|
|
:class:`MIMEApplication` class is used to represent MIME message objects of
|
|
major type :mimetype:`application`. *_data* is a string containing the raw
|
|
byte data. Optional *_subtype* specifies the MIME subtype and defaults to
|
|
:mimetype:`octet-stream`.
|
|
|
|
Optional *_encoder* is a callable (i.e. function) which will perform the actual
|
|
encoding of the data for transport. This callable takes one argument, which is
|
|
the :class:`MIMEApplication` instance. It should use :meth:`get_payload` and
|
|
:meth:`set_payload` to change the payload to encoded form. It should also add
|
|
any :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` or other headers to the message
|
|
object as necessary. The default encoding is base64. See the
|
|
:mod:`email.encoders` module for a list of the built-in encoders.
|
|
|
|
*_params* are passed straight through to the base class constructor.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 2.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. currentmodule:: email.mime.audio
|
|
|
|
.. class:: MIMEAudio(_audiodata[, _subtype[, _encoder[, **_params]]])
|
|
|
|
Module: :mod:`email.mime.audio`
|
|
|
|
A subclass of :class:`~email.mime.nonmultipart.MIMENonMultipart`, the
|
|
:class:`MIMEAudio` class is used to create MIME message objects of major type
|
|
:mimetype:`audio`. *_audiodata* is a string containing the raw audio data. If
|
|
this data can be decoded by the standard Python module :mod:`sndhdr`, then the
|
|
subtype will be automatically included in the :mailheader:`Content-Type` header.
|
|
Otherwise you can explicitly specify the audio subtype via the *_subtype*
|
|
parameter. If the minor type could not be guessed and *_subtype* was not given,
|
|
then :exc:`TypeError` is raised.
|
|
|
|
Optional *_encoder* is a callable (i.e. function) which will perform the actual
|
|
encoding of the audio data for transport. This callable takes one argument,
|
|
which is the :class:`MIMEAudio` instance. It should use :meth:`get_payload` and
|
|
:meth:`set_payload` to change the payload to encoded form. It should also add
|
|
any :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` or other headers to the message
|
|
object as necessary. The default encoding is base64. See the
|
|
:mod:`email.encoders` module for a list of the built-in encoders.
|
|
|
|
*_params* are passed straight through to the base class constructor.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. currentmodule:: email.mime.image
|
|
|
|
.. class:: MIMEImage(_imagedata[, _subtype[, _encoder[, **_params]]])
|
|
|
|
Module: :mod:`email.mime.image`
|
|
|
|
A subclass of :class:`~email.mime.nonmultipart.MIMENonMultipart`, the
|
|
:class:`MIMEImage` class is used to create MIME message objects of major type
|
|
:mimetype:`image`. *_imagedata* is a string containing the raw image data. If
|
|
this data can be decoded by the standard Python module :mod:`imghdr`, then the
|
|
subtype will be automatically included in the :mailheader:`Content-Type` header.
|
|
Otherwise you can explicitly specify the image subtype via the *_subtype*
|
|
parameter. If the minor type could not be guessed and *_subtype* was not given,
|
|
then :exc:`TypeError` is raised.
|
|
|
|
Optional *_encoder* is a callable (i.e. function) which will perform the actual
|
|
encoding of the image data for transport. This callable takes one argument,
|
|
which is the :class:`MIMEImage` instance. It should use :meth:`get_payload` and
|
|
:meth:`set_payload` to change the payload to encoded form. It should also add
|
|
any :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` or other headers to the message
|
|
object as necessary. The default encoding is base64. See the
|
|
:mod:`email.encoders` module for a list of the built-in encoders.
|
|
|
|
*_params* are passed straight through to the :class:`~email.mime.base.MIMEBase`
|
|
constructor.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. currentmodule:: email.mime.message
|
|
|
|
.. class:: MIMEMessage(_msg[, _subtype])
|
|
|
|
Module: :mod:`email.mime.message`
|
|
|
|
A subclass of :class:`~email.mime.nonmultipart.MIMENonMultipart`, the
|
|
:class:`MIMEMessage` class is used to create MIME objects of main type
|
|
:mimetype:`message`. *_msg* is used as the payload, and must be an instance
|
|
of class :class:`~email.message.Message` (or a subclass thereof), otherwise
|
|
a :exc:`TypeError` is raised.
|
|
|
|
Optional *_subtype* sets the subtype of the message; it defaults to
|
|
:mimetype:`rfc822`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. currentmodule:: email.mime.text
|
|
|
|
.. class:: MIMEText(_text[, _subtype[, _charset]])
|
|
|
|
Module: :mod:`email.mime.text`
|
|
|
|
A subclass of :class:`~email.mime.nonmultipart.MIMENonMultipart`, the
|
|
:class:`MIMEText` class is used to create MIME objects of major type
|
|
:mimetype:`text`. *_text* is the string for the payload. *_subtype* is the
|
|
minor type and defaults to :mimetype:`plain`. *_charset* is the character
|
|
set of the text and is passed as a parameter to the
|
|
:class:`~email.mime.nonmultipart.MIMENonMultipart` constructor; it defaults
|
|
to ``us-ascii``. No guessing or encoding is performed on the text data.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 2.4
|
|
The previously deprecated *_encoding* argument has been removed. Encoding
|
|
happens implicitly based on the *_charset* argument.
|
|
|