123 lines
4.4 KiB
TeX
123 lines
4.4 KiB
TeX
\section{\module{urlparse} ---
|
|
Parse URLs into components}
|
|
\declaremodule{standard}{urlparse}
|
|
|
|
\modulesynopsis{Parse URLs into components.}
|
|
|
|
\index{WWW}
|
|
\index{World Wide Web}
|
|
\index{URL}
|
|
\indexii{URL}{parsing}
|
|
\indexii{relative}{URL}
|
|
|
|
|
|
This module defines a standard interface to break Uniform Resource
|
|
Locator (URL) strings up in components (addressing scheme, network
|
|
location, path etc.), to combine the components back into a URL
|
|
string, and to convert a ``relative URL'' to an absolute URL given a
|
|
``base URL.''
|
|
|
|
The module has been designed to match the Internet RFC on Relative
|
|
Uniform Resource Locators (and discovered a bug in an earlier
|
|
draft!).
|
|
|
|
It defines the following functions:
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{urlparse}{urlstring\optional{, default_scheme\optional{, allow_fragments}}}
|
|
Parse a URL into 6 components, returning a 6-tuple: (addressing
|
|
scheme, network location, path, parameters, query, fragment
|
|
identifier). This corresponds to the general structure of a URL:
|
|
\code{\var{scheme}://\var{netloc}/\var{path};\var{parameters}?\var{query}\#\var{fragment}}.
|
|
Each tuple item is a string, possibly empty.
|
|
The components are not broken up in smaller parts (e.g. the network
|
|
location is a single string), and \% escapes are not expanded.
|
|
The delimiters as shown above are not part of the tuple items,
|
|
except for a leading slash in the \var{path} component, which is
|
|
retained if present.
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
urlparse('http://www.cwi.nl:80/%7Eguido/Python.html')
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
yields the tuple
|
|
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
('http', 'www.cwi.nl:80', '/%7Eguido/Python.html', '', '', '')
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
If the \var{default_scheme} argument is specified, it gives the
|
|
default addressing scheme, to be used only if the URL string does not
|
|
specify one. The default value for this argument is the empty string.
|
|
|
|
If the \var{allow_fragments} argument is zero, fragment identifiers
|
|
are not allowed, even if the URL's addressing scheme normally does
|
|
support them. The default value for this argument is \code{1}.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{urlunparse}{tuple}
|
|
Construct a URL string from a tuple as returned by \code{urlparse()}.
|
|
This may result in a slightly different, but equivalent URL, if the
|
|
URL that was parsed originally had redundant delimiters, e.g. a ? with
|
|
an empty query (the draft states that these are equivalent).
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{urlsplit}{urlstring\optional{,
|
|
default_scheme\optional{, allow_fragments}}}
|
|
This is similar to \function{urlparse()}, but does not split the
|
|
params from the URL. This should generally be used instead of
|
|
\function{urlparse()} if the more recent URL syntax allowing
|
|
parameters to be applied to each segment of the \var{path} portion of
|
|
the URL (see \rfc{2396}). A separate function is needed to separate
|
|
the path segments and parameters. This function returns a 5-tuple:
|
|
(addressing scheme, network location, path, query, fragment
|
|
identifier).
|
|
\versionadded{2.2}
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{urlunsplit}{tuple}
|
|
Combine the elements of a tuple as returned by \function{urlsplit()}
|
|
into a complete URL as a string.
|
|
\versionadded{2.2}
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{urljoin}{base, url\optional{, allow_fragments}}
|
|
Construct a full (``absolute'') URL by combining a ``base URL''
|
|
(\var{base}) with a ``relative URL'' (\var{url}). Informally, this
|
|
uses components of the base URL, in particular the addressing scheme,
|
|
the network location and (part of) the path, to provide missing
|
|
components in the relative URL.
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
urljoin('http://www.cwi.nl/%7Eguido/Python.html', 'FAQ.html')
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
yields the string
|
|
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
'http://www.cwi.nl/%7Eguido/FAQ.html'
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
The \var{allow_fragments} argument has the same meaning as for
|
|
\code{urlparse()}.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{seealso}
|
|
\seerfc{1738}{Uniform Resource Locators (URL)}{
|
|
This specifies the formal syntax and semantics of absolute
|
|
URLs.}
|
|
\seerfc{1808}{Relative Uniform Resource Locators}{
|
|
This Request For Comments includes the rules for joining an
|
|
absolute and a relative URL, including a fair normal of
|
|
``Abnormal Examples'' which govern the treatment of border
|
|
cases.}
|
|
\seerfc{2396}{Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax}{
|
|
Document describing the generic syntactic requirements for
|
|
both Uniform Resource Names (URNs) and Uniform Resource
|
|
Locators (URLs).}
|
|
\end{seealso}
|