302 lines
10 KiB
ReStructuredText
302 lines
10 KiB
ReStructuredText
****************************
|
|
What's New In Python 3.10
|
|
****************************
|
|
|
|
:Release: |release|
|
|
:Date: |today|
|
|
|
|
.. Rules for maintenance:
|
|
|
|
* Anyone can add text to this document. Do not spend very much time
|
|
on the wording of your changes, because your text will probably
|
|
get rewritten to some degree.
|
|
|
|
* The maintainer will go through Misc/NEWS periodically and add
|
|
changes; it's therefore more important to add your changes to
|
|
Misc/NEWS than to this file.
|
|
|
|
* This is not a complete list of every single change; completeness
|
|
is the purpose of Misc/NEWS. Some changes I consider too small
|
|
or esoteric to include. If such a change is added to the text,
|
|
I'll just remove it. (This is another reason you shouldn't spend
|
|
too much time on writing your addition.)
|
|
|
|
* If you want to draw your new text to the attention of the
|
|
maintainer, add 'XXX' to the beginning of the paragraph or
|
|
section.
|
|
|
|
* It's OK to just add a fragmentary note about a change. For
|
|
example: "XXX Describe the transmogrify() function added to the
|
|
socket module." The maintainer will research the change and
|
|
write the necessary text.
|
|
|
|
* You can comment out your additions if you like, but it's not
|
|
necessary (especially when a final release is some months away).
|
|
|
|
* Credit the author of a patch or bugfix. Just the name is
|
|
sufficient; the e-mail address isn't necessary.
|
|
|
|
* It's helpful to add the bug/patch number as a comment:
|
|
|
|
XXX Describe the transmogrify() function added to the socket
|
|
module.
|
|
(Contributed by P.Y. Developer in :issue:`12345`.)
|
|
|
|
This saves the maintainer the effort of going through the Mercurial log
|
|
when researching a change.
|
|
|
|
This article explains the new features in Python 3.10, compared to 3.9.
|
|
|
|
For full details, see the :ref:`changelog <changelog>`.
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
Prerelease users should be aware that this document is currently in draft
|
|
form. It will be updated substantially as Python 3.10 moves towards release,
|
|
so it's worth checking back even after reading earlier versions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Summary -- Release highlights
|
|
=============================
|
|
|
|
.. This section singles out the most important changes in Python 3.10.
|
|
Brevity is key.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. PEP-sized items next.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
New Features
|
|
============
|
|
|
|
* The :class:`int` type has a new method :meth:`int.bit_count`, returning the
|
|
number of ones in the binary expansion of a given integer, also known
|
|
as the population count. (Contributed by Niklas Fiekas in :issue:`29882`.)
|
|
|
|
* The views returned by :meth:`dict.keys`, :meth:`dict.values` and
|
|
:meth:`dict.items` now all have a ``mapping`` attribute that gives a
|
|
:class:`types.MappingProxyType` object wrapping the original
|
|
dictionary. (Contributed by Dennis Sweeney in :issue:`40890`.)
|
|
|
|
* :pep:`618`: The :func:`zip` function now has an optional ``strict`` flag, used
|
|
to require that all the iterables have an equal length.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Language Changes
|
|
======================
|
|
|
|
* Builtin and extension functions that take integer arguments no longer accept
|
|
:class:`~decimal.Decimal`\ s, :class:`~fractions.Fraction`\ s and other
|
|
objects that can be converted to integers only with a loss (e.g. that have
|
|
the :meth:`~object.__int__` method but do not have the
|
|
:meth:`~object.__index__` method).
|
|
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`37999`.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
New Modules
|
|
===========
|
|
|
|
* None yet.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Improved Modules
|
|
================
|
|
|
|
base64
|
|
------
|
|
|
|
Add :func:`base64.b32hexencode` and :func:`base64.b32hexdecode` to support the
|
|
Base32 Encoding with Extended Hex Alphabet.
|
|
|
|
curses
|
|
------
|
|
|
|
The extended color functions added in ncurses 6.1 will be used transparently
|
|
by :func:`curses.color_content`, :func:`curses.init_color`,
|
|
:func:`curses.init_pair`, and :func:`curses.pair_content`. A new function,
|
|
:func:`curses.has_extended_color_support`, indicates whether extended color
|
|
support is provided by the underlying ncurses library.
|
|
(Contributed by Jeffrey Kintscher and Hans Petter Jansson in :issue:`36982`.)
|
|
|
|
glob
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
Added the *root_dir* and *dir_fd* parameters in :func:`~glob.glob` and
|
|
:func:`~glob.iglob` which allow to specify the root directory for searching.
|
|
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`38144`.)
|
|
|
|
os
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
Added :func:`os.cpu_count()` support for VxWorks RTOS.
|
|
(Contributed by Peixing Xin in :issue:`41440`.)
|
|
|
|
py_compile
|
|
----------
|
|
|
|
Added ``--quiet`` option to command-line interface of :mod:`py_compile`.
|
|
(Contributed by Gregory Schevchenko in :issue:`38731`.)
|
|
|
|
sys
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
Add :data:`sys.orig_argv` attribute: the list of the original command line
|
|
arguments passed to the Python executable.
|
|
(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`23427`.)
|
|
|
|
xml
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
Add a :class:`~xml.sax.handler.LexicalHandler` class to the
|
|
:mod:`xml.sax.handler` module.
|
|
(Contributed by Jonathan Gossage and Zackery Spytz in :issue:`35018`.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Optimizations
|
|
=============
|
|
|
|
* Constructors :func:`str`, :func:`bytes` and :func:`bytearray` are now faster
|
|
(around 30--40% for small objects).
|
|
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`41334`.)
|
|
|
|
* The :mod:`runpy` module now imports fewer modules.
|
|
The ``python3 -m module-name`` command startup time is 1.3x faster in
|
|
average.
|
|
(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`41006`.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deprecated
|
|
==========
|
|
|
|
|
|
Removed
|
|
=======
|
|
|
|
* The ``ParserBase.error()`` method from the private and undocumented ``_markupbase``
|
|
module has been removed. :class:`html.parser.HTMLParser` is the only subclass of
|
|
``ParserBase`` and its ``error()`` implementation has already been removed in
|
|
Python 3.5.
|
|
(Contributed by Berker Peksag in :issue:`31844`.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Porting to Python 3.10
|
|
======================
|
|
|
|
This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes
|
|
that may require changes to your code.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Build Changes
|
|
=============
|
|
|
|
|
|
* The C99 functions :c:func:`snprintf` and :c:func:`vsnprintf` are now required
|
|
to build Python.
|
|
(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`36020`.)
|
|
|
|
* :mod:`sqlite3` requires SQLite 3.7.3 or higher.
|
|
(Contributed by Sergey Fedoseev and Erlend E. Aasland :issue:`40744`.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C API Changes
|
|
=============
|
|
|
|
New Features
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
* The result of :c:func:`PyNumber_Index` now always has exact type :class:`int`.
|
|
Previously, the result could have been an instance of a subclass of ``int``.
|
|
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`40792`.)
|
|
|
|
* Add a new :c:member:`~PyConfig.orig_argv` member to the :c:type:`PyConfig`
|
|
structure: the list of the original command line arguments passed to the
|
|
Python executable.
|
|
(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`23427`.)
|
|
|
|
Porting to Python 3.10
|
|
----------------------
|
|
|
|
* The ``PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN`` macro must now be defined to use
|
|
:c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` and :c:func:`Py_BuildValue` formats which use
|
|
``#``: ``es#``, ``et#``, ``s#``, ``u#``, ``y#``, ``z#``, ``U#`` and ``Z#``.
|
|
See :ref:`Parsing arguments and building values
|
|
<arg-parsing>` and the :pep:`353`.
|
|
(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`40943`.)
|
|
|
|
* Since :c:func:`Py_TYPE()` is changed to the inline static function,
|
|
``Py_TYPE(obj) = new_type`` must be replaced with ``Py_SET_TYPE(obj, new_type)``:
|
|
see :c:func:`Py_SET_TYPE()` (available since Python 3.9). For backward
|
|
compatibility, this macro can be used::
|
|
|
|
#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030900A4
|
|
# define Py_SET_TYPE(obj, type) ((Py_TYPE(obj) = (type)), (void)0)
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
(Contributed by Dong-hee Na in :issue:`39573`.)
|
|
|
|
* Since :c:func:`Py_REFCNT()` is changed to the inline static function,
|
|
``Py_REFCNT(obj) = new_refcnt`` must be replaced with ``Py_SET_REFCNT(obj, new_refcnt)``:
|
|
see :c:func:`Py_SET_REFCNT()` (available since Python 3.9). For backward
|
|
compatibility, this macro can be used::
|
|
|
|
#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030900A4
|
|
# define Py_SET_REFCNT(obj, refcnt) ((Py_REFCNT(obj) = (refcnt)), (void)0)
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`39573`.)
|
|
|
|
* Since :c:func:`Py_SIZE()` is changed to the inline static function,
|
|
``Py_SIZE(obj) = new_size`` must be replaced with ``Py_SET_SIZE(obj, new_size)``:
|
|
see :c:func:`Py_SET_SIZE()` (available since Python 3.9). For backward
|
|
compatibility, this macro can be used::
|
|
|
|
#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030900A4
|
|
# define Py_SET_SIZE(obj, size) ((Py_SIZE(obj) = (size)), (void)0)
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`39573`.)
|
|
|
|
* Calling :c:func:`PyDict_GetItem` without :term:`GIL` held had been allowed
|
|
for historical reason. It is no longer allowed.
|
|
(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`40839`.)
|
|
|
|
* ``PyUnicode_FromUnicode(NULL, size)`` and ``PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(NULL, size)``
|
|
raise ``DeprecationWarning`` now. Use :c:func:`PyUnicode_New` to allocate
|
|
Unicode object without initial data.
|
|
(Contributed by Inada Naoki in :issue:`36346`.)
|
|
|
|
Removed
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
* ``PyObject_AsCharBuffer()``, ``PyObject_AsReadBuffer()``, ``PyObject_CheckReadBuffer()``,
|
|
and ``PyObject_AsWriteBuffer()`` are removed. Please migrate to new buffer protocol;
|
|
:c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` and :c:func:`PyBuffer_Release`.
|
|
(Contributed by Inada Naoki in :issue:`41103`.)
|
|
|
|
* Removed ``Py_UNICODE_str*`` functions manipulating ``Py_UNICODE*`` strings.
|
|
(Contributed by Inada Naoki in :issue:`41123`.)
|
|
|
|
* ``Py_UNICODE_strlen``: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_GetLength` or
|
|
:c:macro:`PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH`
|
|
* ``Py_UNICODE_strcat``: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_CopyCharacters` or
|
|
:c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat`
|
|
* ``Py_UNICODE_strcpy``, ``Py_UNICODE_strncpy``: use
|
|
:c:func:`PyUnicode_CopyCharacters` or :c:func:`PyUnicode_Substring`
|
|
* ``Py_UNICODE_strcmp``: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_Compare`
|
|
* ``Py_UNICODE_strncmp``: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_Tailmatch`
|
|
* ``Py_UNICODE_strchr``, ``Py_UNICODE_strrchr``: use
|
|
:c:func:`PyUnicode_FindChar`
|
|
|
|
* Removed ``PyUnicode_GetMax()``. Please migrate to new (:pep:`393`) APIs.
|
|
(Contributed by Inada Naoki in :issue:`41103`.)
|
|
|
|
* Removed ``PyLong_FromUnicode()``. Please migrate to :c:func:`PyLong_FromUnicodeObject`.
|
|
(Contributed by Inada Naoki in :issue:`41103`.)
|
|
|
|
* Removed ``PyUnicode_AsUnicodeCopy()``. Please use :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUCS4Copy` or
|
|
:c:func:`PyUnicode_AsWideCharString`
|
|
(Contributed by Inada Naoki in :issue:`41103`.)
|