539 lines
18 KiB
Python
539 lines
18 KiB
Python
"""Guess the MIME type of a file.
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This module defines two useful functions:
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guess_type(url, strict=1) -- guess the MIME type and encoding of a URL.
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guess_extension(type, strict=1) -- guess the extension for a given MIME type.
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It also contains the following, for tuning the behavior:
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Data:
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knownfiles -- list of files to parse
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inited -- flag set when init() has been called
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suffix_map -- dictionary mapping suffixes to suffixes
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encodings_map -- dictionary mapping suffixes to encodings
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types_map -- dictionary mapping suffixes to types
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Functions:
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init([files]) -- parse a list of files, default knownfiles
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read_mime_types(file) -- parse one file, return a dictionary or None
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"""
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import os
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import posixpath
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import urllib
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__all__ = [
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"guess_type","guess_extension","guess_all_extensions",
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"add_type","read_mime_types","init"
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]
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knownfiles = [
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"/etc/mime.types",
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"/etc/httpd/mime.types", # Mac OS X
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"/etc/httpd/conf/mime.types", # Apache
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"/etc/apache/mime.types", # Apache 1
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"/etc/apache2/mime.types", # Apache 2
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"/usr/local/etc/httpd/conf/mime.types",
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"/usr/local/lib/netscape/mime.types",
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"/usr/local/etc/httpd/conf/mime.types", # Apache 1.2
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"/usr/local/etc/mime.types", # Apache 1.3
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]
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inited = False
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_db = None
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class MimeTypes:
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"""MIME-types datastore.
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This datastore can handle information from mime.types-style files
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and supports basic determination of MIME type from a filename or
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URL, and can guess a reasonable extension given a MIME type.
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"""
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def __init__(self, filenames=(), strict=True):
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if not inited:
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init()
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self.encodings_map = encodings_map.copy()
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self.suffix_map = suffix_map.copy()
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self.types_map = ({}, {}) # dict for (non-strict, strict)
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self.types_map_inv = ({}, {})
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for (ext, type) in types_map.items():
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self.add_type(type, ext, True)
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for (ext, type) in common_types.items():
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self.add_type(type, ext, False)
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for name in filenames:
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self.read(name, strict)
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def add_type(self, type, ext, strict=True):
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"""Add a mapping between a type and an extension.
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When the extension is already known, the new
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type will replace the old one. When the type
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is already known the extension will be added
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to the list of known extensions.
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If strict is true, information will be added to
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list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard
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types.
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"""
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self.types_map[strict][ext] = type
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exts = self.types_map_inv[strict].setdefault(type, [])
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if ext not in exts:
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exts.append(ext)
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def guess_type(self, url, strict=True):
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"""Guess the type of a file based on its URL.
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Return value is a tuple (type, encoding) where type is None if
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the type can't be guessed (no or unknown suffix) or a string
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of the form type/subtype, usable for a MIME Content-type
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header; and encoding is None for no encoding or the name of
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the program used to encode (e.g. compress or gzip). The
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mappings are table driven. Encoding suffixes are case
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sensitive; type suffixes are first tried case sensitive, then
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case insensitive.
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The suffixes .tgz, .taz and .tz (case sensitive!) are all
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mapped to '.tar.gz'. (This is table-driven too, using the
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dictionary suffix_map.)
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Optional `strict' argument when False adds a bunch of commonly found,
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but non-standard types.
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"""
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scheme, url = urllib.splittype(url)
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if scheme == 'data':
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# syntax of data URLs:
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# dataurl := "data:" [ mediatype ] [ ";base64" ] "," data
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# mediatype := [ type "/" subtype ] *( ";" parameter )
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# data := *urlchar
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# parameter := attribute "=" value
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# type/subtype defaults to "text/plain"
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comma = url.find(',')
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if comma < 0:
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# bad data URL
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return None, None
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semi = url.find(';', 0, comma)
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if semi >= 0:
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type = url[:semi]
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else:
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type = url[:comma]
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if '=' in type or '/' not in type:
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type = 'text/plain'
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return type, None # never compressed, so encoding is None
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base, ext = posixpath.splitext(url)
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while ext in self.suffix_map:
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base, ext = posixpath.splitext(base + self.suffix_map[ext])
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if ext in self.encodings_map:
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encoding = self.encodings_map[ext]
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base, ext = posixpath.splitext(base)
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else:
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encoding = None
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types_map = self.types_map[True]
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if ext in types_map:
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return types_map[ext], encoding
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elif ext.lower() in types_map:
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return types_map[ext.lower()], encoding
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elif strict:
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return None, encoding
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types_map = self.types_map[False]
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if ext in types_map:
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return types_map[ext], encoding
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elif ext.lower() in types_map:
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return types_map[ext.lower()], encoding
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else:
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return None, encoding
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def guess_all_extensions(self, type, strict=True):
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"""Guess the extensions for a file based on its MIME type.
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Return value is a list of strings giving the possible filename
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extensions, including the leading dot ('.'). The extension is not
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guaranteed to have been associated with any particular data stream,
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but would be mapped to the MIME type `type' by guess_type().
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Optional `strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found,
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but non-standard types.
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"""
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type = type.lower()
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extensions = self.types_map_inv[True].get(type, [])
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if not strict:
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for ext in self.types_map_inv[False].get(type, []):
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if ext not in extensions:
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extensions.append(ext)
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return extensions
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def guess_extension(self, type, strict=True):
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"""Guess the extension for a file based on its MIME type.
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Return value is a string giving a filename extension,
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including the leading dot ('.'). The extension is not
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guaranteed to have been associated with any particular data
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stream, but would be mapped to the MIME type `type' by
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guess_type(). If no extension can be guessed for `type', None
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is returned.
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Optional `strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found,
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but non-standard types.
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"""
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extensions = self.guess_all_extensions(type, strict)
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if not extensions:
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return None
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return extensions[0]
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def read(self, filename, strict=True):
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"""
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Read a single mime.types-format file, specified by pathname.
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If strict is true, information will be added to
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list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard
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types.
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"""
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fp = open(filename)
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self.readfp(fp, strict)
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fp.close()
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def readfp(self, fp, strict=True):
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"""
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Read a single mime.types-format file.
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If strict is true, information will be added to
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list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard
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types.
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"""
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while 1:
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line = fp.readline()
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if not line:
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break
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words = line.split()
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for i in range(len(words)):
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if words[i][0] == '#':
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del words[i:]
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break
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if not words:
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continue
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type, suffixes = words[0], words[1:]
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for suff in suffixes:
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self.add_type(type, '.' + suff, strict)
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def guess_type(url, strict=True):
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"""Guess the type of a file based on its URL.
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Return value is a tuple (type, encoding) where type is None if the
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type can't be guessed (no or unknown suffix) or a string of the
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form type/subtype, usable for a MIME Content-type header; and
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encoding is None for no encoding or the name of the program used
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to encode (e.g. compress or gzip). The mappings are table
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driven. Encoding suffixes are case sensitive; type suffixes are
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first tried case sensitive, then case insensitive.
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The suffixes .tgz, .taz and .tz (case sensitive!) are all mapped
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to ".tar.gz". (This is table-driven too, using the dictionary
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suffix_map).
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Optional `strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found, but
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non-standard types.
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"""
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if _db is None:
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init()
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return _db.guess_type(url, strict)
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def guess_all_extensions(type, strict=True):
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"""Guess the extensions for a file based on its MIME type.
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Return value is a list of strings giving the possible filename
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extensions, including the leading dot ('.'). The extension is not
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guaranteed to have been associated with any particular data
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stream, but would be mapped to the MIME type `type' by
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guess_type(). If no extension can be guessed for `type', None
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is returned.
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Optional `strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found,
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but non-standard types.
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"""
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if _db is None:
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init()
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return _db.guess_all_extensions(type, strict)
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def guess_extension(type, strict=True):
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"""Guess the extension for a file based on its MIME type.
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Return value is a string giving a filename extension, including the
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leading dot ('.'). The extension is not guaranteed to have been
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associated with any particular data stream, but would be mapped to the
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MIME type `type' by guess_type(). If no extension can be guessed for
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`type', None is returned.
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Optional `strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found,
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but non-standard types.
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"""
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if _db is None:
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init()
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return _db.guess_extension(type, strict)
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def add_type(type, ext, strict=True):
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"""Add a mapping between a type and an extension.
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When the extension is already known, the new
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type will replace the old one. When the type
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is already known the extension will be added
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to the list of known extensions.
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If strict is true, information will be added to
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list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard
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types.
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"""
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if _db is None:
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init()
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return _db.add_type(type, ext, strict)
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def init(files=None):
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global suffix_map, types_map, encodings_map, common_types
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global inited, _db
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inited = True # so that MimeTypes.__init__() doesn't call us again
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db = MimeTypes()
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if files is None:
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files = knownfiles
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for file in files:
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if os.path.isfile(file):
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db.readfp(open(file))
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encodings_map = db.encodings_map
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suffix_map = db.suffix_map
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types_map = db.types_map[True]
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common_types = db.types_map[False]
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# Make the DB a global variable now that it is fully initialized
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_db = db
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def read_mime_types(file):
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try:
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f = open(file)
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except IOError:
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return None
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db = MimeTypes()
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db.readfp(f, True)
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return db.types_map[True]
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def _default_mime_types():
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global suffix_map
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global encodings_map
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global types_map
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global common_types
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suffix_map = {
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'.tgz': '.tar.gz',
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'.taz': '.tar.gz',
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'.tz': '.tar.gz',
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'.tbz2': '.tar.bz2',
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}
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encodings_map = {
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'.gz': 'gzip',
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'.Z': 'compress',
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'.bz2': 'bzip2',
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}
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# Before adding new types, make sure they are either registered with IANA,
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# at http://www.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/media-types
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# or extensions, i.e. using the x- prefix
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# If you add to these, please keep them sorted!
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types_map = {
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'.a' : 'application/octet-stream',
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'.ai' : 'application/postscript',
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'.aif' : 'audio/x-aiff',
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'.aifc' : 'audio/x-aiff',
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'.aiff' : 'audio/x-aiff',
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'.au' : 'audio/basic',
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'.avi' : 'video/x-msvideo',
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'.bat' : 'text/plain',
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'.bcpio' : 'application/x-bcpio',
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'.bin' : 'application/octet-stream',
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'.bmp' : 'image/x-ms-bmp',
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'.c' : 'text/plain',
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# Duplicates :(
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'.cdf' : 'application/x-cdf',
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'.cdf' : 'application/x-netcdf',
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'.cpio' : 'application/x-cpio',
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'.csh' : 'application/x-csh',
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'.css' : 'text/css',
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'.dll' : 'application/octet-stream',
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'.doc' : 'application/msword',
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'.dot' : 'application/msword',
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'.dvi' : 'application/x-dvi',
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'.eml' : 'message/rfc822',
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'.eps' : 'application/postscript',
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'.etx' : 'text/x-setext',
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'.exe' : 'application/octet-stream',
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'.gif' : 'image/gif',
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'.gtar' : 'application/x-gtar',
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'.h' : 'text/plain',
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'.hdf' : 'application/x-hdf',
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'.htm' : 'text/html',
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'.html' : 'text/html',
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'.ief' : 'image/ief',
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'.jpe' : 'image/jpeg',
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'.jpeg' : 'image/jpeg',
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'.jpg' : 'image/jpeg',
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'.js' : 'application/x-javascript',
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'.ksh' : 'text/plain',
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'.latex' : 'application/x-latex',
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'.m1v' : 'video/mpeg',
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'.man' : 'application/x-troff-man',
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'.me' : 'application/x-troff-me',
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'.mht' : 'message/rfc822',
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'.mhtml' : 'message/rfc822',
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'.mif' : 'application/x-mif',
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'.mov' : 'video/quicktime',
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'.movie' : 'video/x-sgi-movie',
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'.mp2' : 'audio/mpeg',
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'.mp3' : 'audio/mpeg',
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'.mp4' : 'video/mp4',
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'.mpa' : 'video/mpeg',
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'.mpe' : 'video/mpeg',
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'.mpeg' : 'video/mpeg',
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'.mpg' : 'video/mpeg',
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'.ms' : 'application/x-troff-ms',
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'.nc' : 'application/x-netcdf',
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'.nws' : 'message/rfc822',
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'.o' : 'application/octet-stream',
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'.obj' : 'application/octet-stream',
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'.oda' : 'application/oda',
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'.p12' : 'application/x-pkcs12',
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'.p7c' : 'application/pkcs7-mime',
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'.pbm' : 'image/x-portable-bitmap',
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'.pdf' : 'application/pdf',
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'.pfx' : 'application/x-pkcs12',
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'.pgm' : 'image/x-portable-graymap',
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'.pl' : 'text/plain',
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'.png' : 'image/png',
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'.pnm' : 'image/x-portable-anymap',
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'.pot' : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
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'.ppa' : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
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'.ppm' : 'image/x-portable-pixmap',
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'.pps' : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
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'.ppt' : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
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'.ps' : 'application/postscript',
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'.pwz' : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
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'.py' : 'text/x-python',
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'.pyc' : 'application/x-python-code',
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'.pyo' : 'application/x-python-code',
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'.qt' : 'video/quicktime',
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'.ra' : 'audio/x-pn-realaudio',
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'.ram' : 'application/x-pn-realaudio',
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'.ras' : 'image/x-cmu-raster',
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'.rdf' : 'application/xml',
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'.rgb' : 'image/x-rgb',
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'.roff' : 'application/x-troff',
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'.rtx' : 'text/richtext',
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'.sgm' : 'text/x-sgml',
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'.sgml' : 'text/x-sgml',
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'.sh' : 'application/x-sh',
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'.shar' : 'application/x-shar',
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'.snd' : 'audio/basic',
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'.so' : 'application/octet-stream',
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'.src' : 'application/x-wais-source',
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'.sv4cpio': 'application/x-sv4cpio',
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'.sv4crc' : 'application/x-sv4crc',
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'.swf' : 'application/x-shockwave-flash',
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'.t' : 'application/x-troff',
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'.tar' : 'application/x-tar',
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'.tcl' : 'application/x-tcl',
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'.tex' : 'application/x-tex',
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'.texi' : 'application/x-texinfo',
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'.texinfo': 'application/x-texinfo',
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'.tif' : 'image/tiff',
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'.tiff' : 'image/tiff',
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'.tr' : 'application/x-troff',
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'.tsv' : 'text/tab-separated-values',
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'.txt' : 'text/plain',
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'.ustar' : 'application/x-ustar',
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'.vcf' : 'text/x-vcard',
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'.wav' : 'audio/x-wav',
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'.wiz' : 'application/msword',
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'.wsdl' : 'application/xml',
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'.xbm' : 'image/x-xbitmap',
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'.xlb' : 'application/vnd.ms-excel',
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# Duplicates :(
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'.xls' : 'application/excel',
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'.xls' : 'application/vnd.ms-excel',
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'.xml' : 'text/xml',
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'.xpdl' : 'application/xml',
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'.xpm' : 'image/x-xpixmap',
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'.xsl' : 'application/xml',
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'.xwd' : 'image/x-xwindowdump',
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'.zip' : 'application/zip',
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}
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# These are non-standard types, commonly found in the wild. They will
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# only match if strict=0 flag is given to the API methods.
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# Please sort these too
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common_types = {
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'.jpg' : 'image/jpg',
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'.mid' : 'audio/midi',
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'.midi': 'audio/midi',
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'.pct' : 'image/pict',
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'.pic' : 'image/pict',
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'.pict': 'image/pict',
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'.rtf' : 'application/rtf',
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'.xul' : 'text/xul'
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}
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_default_mime_types()
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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import sys
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import getopt
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USAGE = """\
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Usage: mimetypes.py [options] type
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Options:
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--help / -h -- print this message and exit
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--lenient / -l -- additionally search of some common, but non-standard
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types.
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--extension / -e -- guess extension instead of type
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More than one type argument may be given.
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"""
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def usage(code, msg=''):
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print USAGE
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if msg: print msg
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sys.exit(code)
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try:
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opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'hle',
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['help', 'lenient', 'extension'])
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except getopt.error, msg:
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usage(1, msg)
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strict = 1
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extension = 0
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for opt, arg in opts:
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if opt in ('-h', '--help'):
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usage(0)
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elif opt in ('-l', '--lenient'):
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strict = 0
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elif opt in ('-e', '--extension'):
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extension = 1
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for gtype in args:
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if extension:
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guess = guess_extension(gtype, strict)
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if not guess: print "I don't know anything about type", gtype
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else: print guess
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else:
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guess, encoding = guess_type(gtype, strict)
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if not guess: print "I don't know anything about type", gtype
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else: print 'type:', guess, 'encoding:', encoding
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