454 lines
16 KiB
ReStructuredText
454 lines
16 KiB
ReStructuredText
|
|
:mod:`zipfile` --- Work with ZIP archives
|
|
=========================================
|
|
|
|
.. module:: zipfile
|
|
:synopsis: Read and write ZIP-format archive files.
|
|
.. moduleauthor:: James C. Ahlstrom <jim@interet.com>
|
|
.. sectionauthor:: James C. Ahlstrom <jim@interet.com>
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 1.6
|
|
|
|
The ZIP file format is a common archive and compression standard. This module
|
|
provides tools to create, read, write, append, and list a ZIP file. Any
|
|
advanced use of this module will require an understanding of the format, as
|
|
defined in `PKZIP Application Note
|
|
<http://www.pkware.com/documents/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT>`_.
|
|
|
|
This module does not currently handle multi-disk ZIP files, or ZIP files
|
|
which have appended comments (although it correctly handles comments
|
|
added to individual archive members---for which see the :ref:`zipinfo-objects`
|
|
documentation). It can handle ZIP files that use the ZIP64 extensions
|
|
(that is ZIP files that are more than 4 GByte in size). It supports
|
|
decryption of encrypted files in ZIP archives, but it currently cannot
|
|
create an encrypted file. Decryption is extremely slow as it is
|
|
implemented in native python rather than C.
|
|
|
|
For other archive formats, see the :mod:`bz2`, :mod:`gzip`, and
|
|
:mod:`tarfile` modules.
|
|
|
|
The module defines the following items:
|
|
|
|
.. exception:: BadZipfile
|
|
|
|
The error raised for bad ZIP files (old name: ``zipfile.error``).
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. exception:: LargeZipFile
|
|
|
|
The error raised when a ZIP file would require ZIP64 functionality but that has
|
|
not been enabled.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. class:: ZipFile
|
|
|
|
The class for reading and writing ZIP files. See section
|
|
:ref:`zipfile-objects` for constructor details.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. class:: PyZipFile
|
|
|
|
Class for creating ZIP archives containing Python libraries.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. class:: ZipInfo([filename[, date_time]])
|
|
|
|
Class used to represent information about a member of an archive. Instances
|
|
of this class are returned by the :meth:`getinfo` and :meth:`infolist`
|
|
methods of :class:`ZipFile` objects. Most users of the :mod:`zipfile` module
|
|
will not need to create these, but only use those created by this
|
|
module. *filename* should be the full name of the archive member, and
|
|
*date_time* should be a tuple containing six fields which describe the time
|
|
of the last modification to the file; the fields are described in section
|
|
:ref:`zipinfo-objects`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. function:: is_zipfile(filename)
|
|
|
|
Returns ``True`` if *filename* is a valid ZIP file based on its magic number,
|
|
otherwise returns ``False``. *filename* may be a file or file-like object too.
|
|
This module does not currently handle ZIP files which have appended comments.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 2.7
|
|
Support for file and file-like objects.
|
|
|
|
.. data:: ZIP_STORED
|
|
|
|
The numeric constant for an uncompressed archive member.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. data:: ZIP_DEFLATED
|
|
|
|
The numeric constant for the usual ZIP compression method. This requires the
|
|
zlib module. No other compression methods are currently supported.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. seealso::
|
|
|
|
`PKZIP Application Note <http://www.pkware.com/documents/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT>`_
|
|
Documentation on the ZIP file format by Phil Katz, the creator of the format and
|
|
algorithms used.
|
|
|
|
`Info-ZIP Home Page <http://www.info-zip.org/>`_
|
|
Information about the Info-ZIP project's ZIP archive programs and development
|
|
libraries.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _zipfile-objects:
|
|
|
|
ZipFile Objects
|
|
---------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. class:: ZipFile(file[, mode[, compression[, allowZip64]]])
|
|
|
|
Open a ZIP file, where *file* can be either a path to a file (a string) or a
|
|
file-like object. The *mode* parameter should be ``'r'`` to read an existing
|
|
file, ``'w'`` to truncate and write a new file, or ``'a'`` to append to an
|
|
existing file. If *mode* is ``'a'`` and *file* refers to an existing ZIP file,
|
|
then additional files are added to it. If *file* does not refer to a ZIP file,
|
|
then a new ZIP archive is appended to the file. This is meant for adding a ZIP
|
|
archive to another file, such as :file:`python.exe`. Using ::
|
|
|
|
cat myzip.zip >> python.exe
|
|
|
|
also works, and at least :program:`WinZip` can read such files. If *mode* is
|
|
``a`` and the file does not exist at all, it is created. *compression* is the
|
|
ZIP compression method to use when writing the archive, and should be
|
|
:const:`ZIP_STORED` or :const:`ZIP_DEFLATED`; unrecognized values will cause
|
|
:exc:`RuntimeError` to be raised. If :const:`ZIP_DEFLATED` is specified but the
|
|
:mod:`zlib` module is not available, :exc:`RuntimeError` is also raised. The
|
|
default is :const:`ZIP_STORED`. If *allowZip64* is ``True`` zipfile will create
|
|
ZIP files that use the ZIP64 extensions when the zipfile is larger than 2 GB. If
|
|
it is false (the default) :mod:`zipfile` will raise an exception when the ZIP
|
|
file would require ZIP64 extensions. ZIP64 extensions are disabled by default
|
|
because the default :program:`zip` and :program:`unzip` commands on Unix (the
|
|
InfoZIP utilities) don't support these extensions.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 2.6
|
|
If the file does not exist, it is created if the mode is 'a'.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: ZipFile.close()
|
|
|
|
Close the archive file. You must call :meth:`close` before exiting your program
|
|
or essential records will not be written.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: ZipFile.getinfo(name)
|
|
|
|
Return a :class:`ZipInfo` object with information about the archive member
|
|
*name*. Calling :meth:`getinfo` for a name not currently contained in the
|
|
archive will raise a :exc:`KeyError`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: ZipFile.infolist()
|
|
|
|
Return a list containing a :class:`ZipInfo` object for each member of the
|
|
archive. The objects are in the same order as their entries in the actual ZIP
|
|
file on disk if an existing archive was opened.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: ZipFile.namelist()
|
|
|
|
Return a list of archive members by name.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: ZipFile.open(name[, mode[, pwd]])
|
|
|
|
Extract a member from the archive as a file-like object (ZipExtFile). *name* is
|
|
the name of the file in the archive, or a :class:`ZipInfo` object. The *mode*
|
|
parameter, if included, must be one of the following: ``'r'`` (the default),
|
|
``'U'``, or ``'rU'``. Choosing ``'U'`` or ``'rU'`` will enable universal newline
|
|
support in the read-only object. *pwd* is the password used for encrypted files.
|
|
Calling :meth:`open` on a closed ZipFile will raise a :exc:`RuntimeError`.
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
The file-like object is read-only and provides the following methods:
|
|
:meth:`read`, :meth:`readline`, :meth:`readlines`, :meth:`__iter__`,
|
|
:meth:`next`.
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
If the ZipFile was created by passing in a file-like object as the first
|
|
argument to the constructor, then the object returned by :meth:`.open` shares the
|
|
ZipFile's file pointer. Under these circumstances, the object returned by
|
|
:meth:`.open` should not be used after any additional operations are performed
|
|
on the ZipFile object. If the ZipFile was created by passing in a string (the
|
|
filename) as the first argument to the constructor, then :meth:`.open` will
|
|
create a new file object that will be held by the ZipExtFile, allowing it to
|
|
operate independently of the ZipFile.
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
The :meth:`open`, :meth:`read` and :meth:`extract` methods can take a filename
|
|
or a :class:`ZipInfo` object. You will appreciate this when trying to read a
|
|
ZIP file that contains members with duplicate names.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 2.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: ZipFile.extract(member[, path[, pwd]])
|
|
|
|
Extract a member from the archive to the current working directory; *member*
|
|
must be its full name or a :class:`ZipInfo` object). Its file information is
|
|
extracted as accurately as possible. *path* specifies a different directory
|
|
to extract to. *member* can be a filename or a :class:`ZipInfo` object.
|
|
*pwd* is the password used for encrypted files.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 2.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: ZipFile.extractall([path[, members[, pwd]]])
|
|
|
|
Extract all members from the archive to the current working directory. *path*
|
|
specifies a different directory to extract to. *members* is optional and must
|
|
be a subset of the list returned by :meth:`namelist`. *pwd* is the password
|
|
used for encrypted files.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 2.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: ZipFile.printdir()
|
|
|
|
Print a table of contents for the archive to ``sys.stdout``.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: ZipFile.setpassword(pwd)
|
|
|
|
Set *pwd* as default password to extract encrypted files.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 2.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: ZipFile.read(name[, pwd])
|
|
|
|
Return the bytes of the file *name* in the archive. *name* is the name of the
|
|
file in the archive, or a :class:`ZipInfo` object. The archive must be open for
|
|
read or append. *pwd* is the password used for encrypted files and, if specified,
|
|
it will override the default password set with :meth:`setpassword`. Calling
|
|
:meth:`read` on a closed ZipFile will raise a :exc:`RuntimeError`.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 2.6
|
|
*pwd* was added, and *name* can now be a :class:`ZipInfo` object.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: ZipFile.testzip()
|
|
|
|
Read all the files in the archive and check their CRC's and file headers.
|
|
Return the name of the first bad file, or else return ``None``. Calling
|
|
:meth:`testzip` on a closed ZipFile will raise a :exc:`RuntimeError`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: ZipFile.write(filename[, arcname[, compress_type]])
|
|
|
|
Write the file named *filename* to the archive, giving it the archive name
|
|
*arcname* (by default, this will be the same as *filename*, but without a drive
|
|
letter and with leading path separators removed). If given, *compress_type*
|
|
overrides the value given for the *compression* parameter to the constructor for
|
|
the new entry. The archive must be open with mode ``'w'`` or ``'a'`` -- calling
|
|
:meth:`write` on a ZipFile created with mode ``'r'`` will raise a
|
|
:exc:`RuntimeError`. Calling :meth:`write` on a closed ZipFile will raise a
|
|
:exc:`RuntimeError`.
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
There is no official file name encoding for ZIP files. If you have unicode file
|
|
names, you must convert them to byte strings in your desired encoding before
|
|
passing them to :meth:`write`. WinZip interprets all file names as encoded in
|
|
CP437, also known as DOS Latin.
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
Archive names should be relative to the archive root, that is, they should not
|
|
start with a path separator.
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
If ``arcname`` (or ``filename``, if ``arcname`` is not given) contains a null
|
|
byte, the name of the file in the archive will be truncated at the null byte.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: ZipFile.writestr(zinfo_or_arcname, bytes)
|
|
|
|
Write the string *bytes* to the archive; *zinfo_or_arcname* is either the file
|
|
name it will be given in the archive, or a :class:`ZipInfo` instance. If it's
|
|
an instance, at least the filename, date, and time must be given. If it's a
|
|
name, the date and time is set to the current date and time. The archive must be
|
|
opened with mode ``'w'`` or ``'a'`` -- calling :meth:`writestr` on a ZipFile
|
|
created with mode ``'r'`` will raise a :exc:`RuntimeError`. Calling
|
|
:meth:`writestr` on a closed ZipFile will raise a :exc:`RuntimeError`.
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
When passing a :class:`ZipInfo` instance as the *zinfo_or_acrname* parameter,
|
|
the compression method used will be that specified in the *compress_type*
|
|
member of the given :class:`ZipInfo` instance. By default, the
|
|
:class:`ZipInfo` constructor sets this member to :const:`ZIP_STORED`.
|
|
|
|
The following data attributes are also available:
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: ZipFile.debug
|
|
|
|
The level of debug output to use. This may be set from ``0`` (the default, no
|
|
output) to ``3`` (the most output). Debugging information is written to
|
|
``sys.stdout``.
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: ZipFile.comment
|
|
|
|
The comment text associated with the ZIP file. If assigning a comment to a
|
|
:class:`ZipFile` instance created with mode 'a' or 'w', this should be a
|
|
string no longer than 65535 bytes. Comments longer than this will be
|
|
truncated in the written archive when :meth:`ZipFile.close` is called.
|
|
|
|
.. _pyzipfile-objects:
|
|
|
|
PyZipFile Objects
|
|
-----------------
|
|
|
|
The :class:`PyZipFile` constructor takes the same parameters as the
|
|
:class:`ZipFile` constructor. Instances have one method in addition to those of
|
|
:class:`ZipFile` objects.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: PyZipFile.writepy(pathname[, basename])
|
|
|
|
Search for files :file:`\*.py` and add the corresponding file to the archive.
|
|
The corresponding file is a :file:`\*.pyo` file if available, else a
|
|
:file:`\*.pyc` file, compiling if necessary. If the pathname is a file, the
|
|
filename must end with :file:`.py`, and just the (corresponding
|
|
:file:`\*.py[co]`) file is added at the top level (no path information). If the
|
|
pathname is a file that does not end with :file:`.py`, a :exc:`RuntimeError`
|
|
will be raised. If it is a directory, and the directory is not a package
|
|
directory, then all the files :file:`\*.py[co]` are added at the top level. If
|
|
the directory is a package directory, then all :file:`\*.py[co]` are added under
|
|
the package name as a file path, and if any subdirectories are package
|
|
directories, all of these are added recursively. *basename* is intended for
|
|
internal use only. The :meth:`writepy` method makes archives with file names
|
|
like this::
|
|
|
|
string.pyc # Top level name
|
|
test/__init__.pyc # Package directory
|
|
test/test_support.pyc # Module test.test_support
|
|
test/bogus/__init__.pyc # Subpackage directory
|
|
test/bogus/myfile.pyc # Submodule test.bogus.myfile
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _zipinfo-objects:
|
|
|
|
ZipInfo Objects
|
|
---------------
|
|
|
|
Instances of the :class:`ZipInfo` class are returned by the :meth:`getinfo` and
|
|
:meth:`infolist` methods of :class:`ZipFile` objects. Each object stores
|
|
information about a single member of the ZIP archive.
|
|
|
|
Instances have the following attributes:
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: ZipInfo.filename
|
|
|
|
Name of the file in the archive.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: ZipInfo.date_time
|
|
|
|
The time and date of the last modification to the archive member. This is a
|
|
tuple of six values:
|
|
|
|
+-------+--------------------------+
|
|
| Index | Value |
|
|
+=======+==========================+
|
|
| ``0`` | Year |
|
|
+-------+--------------------------+
|
|
| ``1`` | Month (one-based) |
|
|
+-------+--------------------------+
|
|
| ``2`` | Day of month (one-based) |
|
|
+-------+--------------------------+
|
|
| ``3`` | Hours (zero-based) |
|
|
+-------+--------------------------+
|
|
| ``4`` | Minutes (zero-based) |
|
|
+-------+--------------------------+
|
|
| ``5`` | Seconds (zero-based) |
|
|
+-------+--------------------------+
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: ZipInfo.compress_type
|
|
|
|
Type of compression for the archive member.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: ZipInfo.comment
|
|
|
|
Comment for the individual archive member.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: ZipInfo.extra
|
|
|
|
Expansion field data. The `PKZIP Application Note
|
|
<http://www.pkware.com/documents/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT>`_ contains
|
|
some comments on the internal structure of the data contained in this string.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: ZipInfo.create_system
|
|
|
|
System which created ZIP archive.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: ZipInfo.create_version
|
|
|
|
PKZIP version which created ZIP archive.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: ZipInfo.extract_version
|
|
|
|
PKZIP version needed to extract archive.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: ZipInfo.reserved
|
|
|
|
Must be zero.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: ZipInfo.flag_bits
|
|
|
|
ZIP flag bits.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: ZipInfo.volume
|
|
|
|
Volume number of file header.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: ZipInfo.internal_attr
|
|
|
|
Internal attributes.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: ZipInfo.external_attr
|
|
|
|
External file attributes.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: ZipInfo.header_offset
|
|
|
|
Byte offset to the file header.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: ZipInfo.CRC
|
|
|
|
CRC-32 of the uncompressed file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: ZipInfo.compress_size
|
|
|
|
Size of the compressed data.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: ZipInfo.file_size
|
|
|
|
Size of the uncompressed file.
|
|
|