cpython/Lib/abc.py

# Copyright 2007 Google, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
# Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.

"""Abstract Base Classes (ABCs) according to PEP 3119."""


def abstractmethod(funcobj):
    """A decorator indicating abstract methods.

    Requires that the metaclass is ABCMeta or derived from it.  A
    class that has a metaclass derived from ABCMeta cannot be
    instantiated unless all of its abstract methods are overridden.
    The abstract methods can be called using any of the normal
    'super' call mechanisms.

    Usage:

        class C:
            __metaclass__ = ABCMeta
            @abstractmethod
            def my_abstract_method(self, ...):
                ...
    """
    funcobj.__isabstractmethod__ = True
    return funcobj


class abstractproperty(property):
    """A decorator indicating abstract properties.

    Requires that the metaclass is ABCMeta or derived from it.  A
    class that has a metaclass derived from ABCMeta cannot be
    instantiated unless all of its abstract properties are overridden.
    The abstract properties can be called using any of the normal
    'super' call mechanisms.

    Usage:

        class C:
            __metaclass__ = ABCMeta
            @abstractproperty
            def my_abstract_property(self):
                ...

    This defines a read-only property; you can also define a read-write
    abstract property using the 'long' form of property declaration:

        class C:
            __metaclass__ = ABCMeta
            def getx(self): ...
            def setx(self, value): ...
            x = abstractproperty(getx, setx)
    """
    __isabstractmethod__ = True


class ABCMeta(type):

    """Metaclass for defining Abstract Base Classes (ABCs).

    Use this metaclass to create an ABC.  An ABC can be subclassed
    directly, and then acts as a mix-in class.  You can also register
    unrelated concrete classes (even built-in classes) and unrelated
    ABCs as 'virtual subclasses' -- these and their descendants will
    be considered subclasses of the registering ABC by the built-in
    issubclass() function, but the registering ABC won't show up in
    their MRO (Method Resolution Order) nor will method
    implementations defined by the registering ABC be callable (not
    even via super()).

    """

    # A global counter that is incremented each time a class is
    # registered as a virtual subclass of anything.  It forces the
    # negative cache to be cleared before its next use.
    _abc_invalidation_counter = 0

    def __new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace):
        cls = super(ABCMeta, mcls).__new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace)
        # Compute set of abstract method names
        abstracts = set(name
                     for name, value in namespace.items()
                     if getattr(value, "__isabstractmethod__", False))
        for base in bases:
            for name in getattr(base, "__abstractmethods__", set()):
                value = getattr(cls, name, None)
                if getattr(value, "__isabstractmethod__", False):
                    abstracts.add(name)
        cls.__abstractmethods__ = frozenset(abstracts)
        # Set up inheritance registry
        cls._abc_registry = set()
        cls._abc_cache = set()
        cls._abc_negative_cache = set()
        cls._abc_negative_cache_version = ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter
        return cls

    def register(cls, subclass):
        """Register a virtual subclass of an ABC."""
        if not isinstance(subclass, type):
            raise TypeError("Can only register classes")
        if issubclass(subclass, cls):
            return  # Already a subclass
        # Subtle: test for cycles *after* testing for "already a subclass";
        # this means we allow X.register(X) and interpret it as a no-op.
        if issubclass(cls, subclass):
            # This would create a cycle, which is bad for the algorithm below
            raise RuntimeError("Refusing to create an inheritance cycle")
        cls._abc_registry.add(subclass)
        ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter += 1  # Invalidate negative cache

    def _dump_registry(cls, file=None):
        """Debug helper to print the ABC registry."""
        print >> file, "Class: %s.%s" % (cls.__module__, cls.__name__)
        print >> file, "Inv.counter: %s" % ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter
        for name in sorted(cls.__dict__.keys()):
            if name.startswith("_abc_"):
                value = getattr(cls, name)
                print >> file, "%s: %r" % (name, value)

    def __instancecheck__(cls, instance):
        """Override for isinstance(instance, cls)."""
        # Inline the cache checking when it's simple.
        subclass = getattr(instance, '__class__', None)
        if subclass in cls._abc_cache:
            return True
        subtype = type(instance)
        if subtype is subclass or subclass is None:
            if (cls._abc_negative_cache_version ==
                ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter and
                subtype in cls._abc_negative_cache):
                return False
            # Fall back to the subclass check.
            return cls.__subclasscheck__(subtype)
        return (cls.__subclasscheck__(subclass) or
                cls.__subclasscheck__(subtype))

    def __subclasscheck__(cls, subclass):
        """Override for issubclass(subclass, cls)."""
        # Check cache
        if subclass in cls._abc_cache:
            return True
        # Check negative cache; may have to invalidate
        if cls._abc_negative_cache_version < ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter:
            # Invalidate the negative cache
            cls._abc_negative_cache = set()
            cls._abc_negative_cache_version = ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter
        elif subclass in cls._abc_negative_cache:
            return False
        # Check the subclass hook
        ok = cls.__subclasshook__(subclass)
        if ok is not NotImplemented:
            assert isinstance(ok, bool)
            if ok:
                cls._abc_cache.add(subclass)
            else:
                cls._abc_negative_cache.add(subclass)
            return ok
        # Check if it's a direct subclass
        if cls in getattr(subclass, '__mro__', ()):
            cls._abc_cache.add(subclass)
            return True
        # Check if it's a subclass of a registered class (recursive)
        for rcls in cls._abc_registry:
            if issubclass(subclass, rcls):
                cls._abc_cache.add(subclass)
                return True
        # Check if it's a subclass of a subclass (recursive)
        for scls in cls.__subclasses__():
            if issubclass(subclass, scls):
                cls._abc_cache.add(subclass)
                return True
        # No dice; update negative cache
        cls._abc_negative_cache.add(subclass)
        return False