150 lines
4.9 KiB
ReStructuredText
150 lines
4.9 KiB
ReStructuredText
:mod:`sched` --- Event scheduler
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================================
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.. module:: sched
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:synopsis: General purpose event scheduler.
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.. sectionauthor:: Moshe Zadka <moshez@zadka.site.co.il>
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.. index:: single: event scheduling
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**Source code:** :source:`Lib/sched.py`
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--------------
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The :mod:`sched` module defines a class which implements a general purpose event
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scheduler:
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.. class:: scheduler(timefunc=time.time, delayfunc=time.sleep)
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The :class:`scheduler` class defines a generic interface to scheduling events.
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It needs two functions to actually deal with the "outside world" --- *timefunc*
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should be callable without arguments, and return a number (the "time", in any
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units whatsoever). The *delayfunc* function should be callable with one
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argument, compatible with the output of *timefunc*, and should delay that many
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time units. *delayfunc* will also be called with the argument ``0`` after each
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event is run to allow other threads an opportunity to run in multi-threaded
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applications.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.3
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*timefunc* and *delayfunc* parameters are optional.
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Example::
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>>> import sched, time
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>>> s = sched.scheduler(time.time, time.sleep)
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>>> def print_time(): print("From print_time", time.time())
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...
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>>> def print_some_times():
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... print(time.time())
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... s.enter(5, 1, print_time, ())
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... s.enter(10, 1, print_time, ())
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... s.run()
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... print(time.time())
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...
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>>> print_some_times()
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930343690.257
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From print_time 930343695.274
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From print_time 930343700.273
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930343700.276
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In multi-threaded environments, the :class:`scheduler` class has limitations
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with respect to thread-safety, inability to insert a new task before
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the one currently pending in a running scheduler, and holding up the main
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thread until the event queue is empty. Instead, the preferred approach
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is to use the :class:`threading.Timer` class instead.
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Example::
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>>> import time
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>>> from threading import Timer
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>>> def print_time():
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... print("From print_time", time.time())
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...
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>>> def print_some_times():
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... print(time.time())
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... Timer(5, print_time, ()).start()
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... Timer(10, print_time, ()).start()
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... time.sleep(11) # sleep while time-delay events execute
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... print(time.time())
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...
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>>> print_some_times()
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930343690.257
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From print_time 930343695.274
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From print_time 930343700.273
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930343701.301
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.. _scheduler-objects:
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Scheduler Objects
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-----------------
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:class:`scheduler` instances have the following methods and attributes:
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.. method:: scheduler.enterabs(time, priority, action, argument=[], kwargs={})
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Schedule a new event. The *time* argument should be a numeric type compatible
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with the return value of the *timefunc* function passed to the constructor.
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Events scheduled for the same *time* will be executed in the order of their
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*priority*.
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Executing the event means executing ``action(*argument, **kwargs)``.
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*argument* must be a sequence holding the parameters for *action*.
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*kwargs* must be a dictionary holding the keyword parameters for *action*.
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Return value is an event which may be used for later cancellation of the event
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(see :meth:`cancel`).
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.. versionchanged:: 3.3
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*argument* parameter is optional.
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.. versionadded:: 3.3
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*kwargs* parameter was added.
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.. method:: scheduler.enter(delay, priority, action, argument=[], kwargs={})
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Schedule an event for *delay* more time units. Other than the relative time, the
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other arguments, the effect and the return value are the same as those for
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:meth:`enterabs`.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.3
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*argument* parameter is optional.
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.. versionadded:: 3.3
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*kwargs* parameter was added.
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.. method:: scheduler.cancel(event)
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Remove the event from the queue. If *event* is not an event currently in the
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queue, this method will raise a :exc:`ValueError`.
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.. method:: scheduler.empty()
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Return true if the event queue is empty.
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.. method:: scheduler.run()
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Run all scheduled events. This function will wait (using the :func:`delayfunc`
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function passed to the constructor) for the next event, then execute it and so
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on until there are no more scheduled events.
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Either *action* or *delayfunc* can raise an exception. In either case, the
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scheduler will maintain a consistent state and propagate the exception. If an
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exception is raised by *action*, the event will not be attempted in future calls
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to :meth:`run`.
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If a sequence of events takes longer to run than the time available before the
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next event, the scheduler will simply fall behind. No events will be dropped;
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the calling code is responsible for canceling events which are no longer
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pertinent.
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.. attribute:: scheduler.queue
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Read-only attribute returning a list of upcoming events in the order they
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will be run. Each event is shown as a :term:`named tuple` with the
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following fields: time, priority, action, argument.
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