1386 lines
47 KiB
Python
1386 lines
47 KiB
Python
"""HTTP/1.1 client library
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<intro stuff goes here>
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<other stuff, too>
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HTTPConnection goes through a number of "states", which define when a client
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may legally make another request or fetch the response for a particular
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request. This diagram details these state transitions:
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(null)
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| HTTPConnection()
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v
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Idle
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| putrequest()
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v
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Request-started
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| ( putheader() )* endheaders()
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v
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Request-sent
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| response = getresponse()
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v
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Unread-response [Response-headers-read]
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|\____________________
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| |
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| response.read() | putrequest()
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v v
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Idle Req-started-unread-response
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______/|
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/ |
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response.read() | | ( putheader() )* endheaders()
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v v
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Request-started Req-sent-unread-response
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| response.read()
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v
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Request-sent
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This diagram presents the following rules:
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-- a second request may not be started until {response-headers-read}
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-- a response [object] cannot be retrieved until {request-sent}
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-- there is no differentiation between an unread response body and a
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partially read response body
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Note: this enforcement is applied by the HTTPConnection class. The
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HTTPResponse class does not enforce this state machine, which
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implies sophisticated clients may accelerate the request/response
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pipeline. Caution should be taken, though: accelerating the states
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beyond the above pattern may imply knowledge of the server's
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connection-close behavior for certain requests. For example, it
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is impossible to tell whether the server will close the connection
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UNTIL the response headers have been read; this means that further
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requests cannot be placed into the pipeline until it is known that
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the server will NOT be closing the connection.
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Logical State __state __response
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------------- ------- ----------
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Idle _CS_IDLE None
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Request-started _CS_REQ_STARTED None
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Request-sent _CS_REQ_SENT None
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Unread-response _CS_IDLE <response_class>
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Req-started-unread-response _CS_REQ_STARTED <response_class>
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Req-sent-unread-response _CS_REQ_SENT <response_class>
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"""
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from array import array
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import socket
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from sys import py3kwarning
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from urlparse import urlsplit
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import warnings
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with warnings.catch_warnings():
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if py3kwarning:
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warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", ".*mimetools has been removed",
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DeprecationWarning)
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import mimetools
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try:
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from cStringIO import StringIO
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except ImportError:
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from StringIO import StringIO
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__all__ = ["HTTP", "HTTPResponse", "HTTPConnection",
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"HTTPException", "NotConnected", "UnknownProtocol",
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"UnknownTransferEncoding", "UnimplementedFileMode",
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"IncompleteRead", "InvalidURL", "ImproperConnectionState",
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"CannotSendRequest", "CannotSendHeader", "ResponseNotReady",
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"BadStatusLine", "error", "responses"]
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HTTP_PORT = 80
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HTTPS_PORT = 443
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_UNKNOWN = 'UNKNOWN'
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# connection states
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_CS_IDLE = 'Idle'
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_CS_REQ_STARTED = 'Request-started'
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_CS_REQ_SENT = 'Request-sent'
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# status codes
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# informational
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CONTINUE = 100
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SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101
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PROCESSING = 102
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# successful
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OK = 200
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CREATED = 201
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ACCEPTED = 202
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NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203
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NO_CONTENT = 204
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RESET_CONTENT = 205
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PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206
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MULTI_STATUS = 207
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IM_USED = 226
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# redirection
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MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300
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MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301
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FOUND = 302
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SEE_OTHER = 303
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NOT_MODIFIED = 304
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USE_PROXY = 305
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TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307
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# client error
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BAD_REQUEST = 400
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UNAUTHORIZED = 401
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PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402
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FORBIDDEN = 403
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NOT_FOUND = 404
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METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405
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NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406
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PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407
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REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408
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CONFLICT = 409
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GONE = 410
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LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411
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PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412
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REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413
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REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414
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UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415
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REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416
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EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417
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UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY = 422
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LOCKED = 423
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FAILED_DEPENDENCY = 424
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UPGRADE_REQUIRED = 426
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# server error
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INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500
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NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501
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BAD_GATEWAY = 502
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SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503
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GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504
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HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505
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INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE = 507
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NOT_EXTENDED = 510
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# Mapping status codes to official W3C names
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responses = {
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100: 'Continue',
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101: 'Switching Protocols',
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200: 'OK',
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201: 'Created',
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202: 'Accepted',
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203: 'Non-Authoritative Information',
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204: 'No Content',
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205: 'Reset Content',
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206: 'Partial Content',
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300: 'Multiple Choices',
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301: 'Moved Permanently',
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302: 'Found',
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303: 'See Other',
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304: 'Not Modified',
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305: 'Use Proxy',
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306: '(Unused)',
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307: 'Temporary Redirect',
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400: 'Bad Request',
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401: 'Unauthorized',
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402: 'Payment Required',
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403: 'Forbidden',
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404: 'Not Found',
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405: 'Method Not Allowed',
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406: 'Not Acceptable',
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407: 'Proxy Authentication Required',
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408: 'Request Timeout',
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409: 'Conflict',
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410: 'Gone',
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411: 'Length Required',
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412: 'Precondition Failed',
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413: 'Request Entity Too Large',
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414: 'Request-URI Too Long',
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415: 'Unsupported Media Type',
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416: 'Requested Range Not Satisfiable',
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417: 'Expectation Failed',
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500: 'Internal Server Error',
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501: 'Not Implemented',
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502: 'Bad Gateway',
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503: 'Service Unavailable',
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504: 'Gateway Timeout',
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505: 'HTTP Version Not Supported',
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}
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# maximal amount of data to read at one time in _safe_read
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MAXAMOUNT = 1048576
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class HTTPMessage(mimetools.Message):
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def addheader(self, key, value):
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"""Add header for field key handling repeats."""
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prev = self.dict.get(key)
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if prev is None:
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self.dict[key] = value
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else:
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combined = ", ".join((prev, value))
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self.dict[key] = combined
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def addcontinue(self, key, more):
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"""Add more field data from a continuation line."""
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prev = self.dict[key]
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self.dict[key] = prev + "\n " + more
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def readheaders(self):
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"""Read header lines.
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Read header lines up to the entirely blank line that terminates them.
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The (normally blank) line that ends the headers is skipped, but not
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included in the returned list. If a non-header line ends the headers,
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(which is an error), an attempt is made to backspace over it; it is
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never included in the returned list.
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The variable self.status is set to the empty string if all went well,
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otherwise it is an error message. The variable self.headers is a
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completely uninterpreted list of lines contained in the header (so
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printing them will reproduce the header exactly as it appears in the
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file).
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If multiple header fields with the same name occur, they are combined
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according to the rules in RFC 2616 sec 4.2:
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Appending each subsequent field-value to the first, each separated
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by a comma. The order in which header fields with the same field-name
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are received is significant to the interpretation of the combined
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field value.
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"""
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# XXX The implementation overrides the readheaders() method of
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# rfc822.Message. The base class design isn't amenable to
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# customized behavior here so the method here is a copy of the
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# base class code with a few small changes.
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self.dict = {}
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self.unixfrom = ''
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self.headers = hlist = []
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self.status = ''
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headerseen = ""
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firstline = 1
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startofline = unread = tell = None
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if hasattr(self.fp, 'unread'):
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unread = self.fp.unread
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elif self.seekable:
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tell = self.fp.tell
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while True:
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if tell:
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try:
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startofline = tell()
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except IOError:
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startofline = tell = None
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self.seekable = 0
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line = self.fp.readline()
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if not line:
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self.status = 'EOF in headers'
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break
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# Skip unix From name time lines
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if firstline and line.startswith('From '):
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self.unixfrom = self.unixfrom + line
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continue
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firstline = 0
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if headerseen and line[0] in ' \t':
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# XXX Not sure if continuation lines are handled properly
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# for http and/or for repeating headers
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# It's a continuation line.
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hlist.append(line)
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self.addcontinue(headerseen, line.strip())
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continue
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elif self.iscomment(line):
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# It's a comment. Ignore it.
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continue
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elif self.islast(line):
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# Note! No pushback here! The delimiter line gets eaten.
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break
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headerseen = self.isheader(line)
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if headerseen:
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# It's a legal header line, save it.
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hlist.append(line)
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self.addheader(headerseen, line[len(headerseen)+1:].strip())
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continue
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else:
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# It's not a header line; throw it back and stop here.
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if not self.dict:
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self.status = 'No headers'
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else:
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self.status = 'Non-header line where header expected'
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# Try to undo the read.
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if unread:
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unread(line)
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elif tell:
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self.fp.seek(startofline)
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else:
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self.status = self.status + '; bad seek'
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break
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class HTTPResponse:
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# strict: If true, raise BadStatusLine if the status line can't be
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# parsed as a valid HTTP/1.0 or 1.1 status line. By default it is
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# false because it prevents clients from talking to HTTP/0.9
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# servers. Note that a response with a sufficiently corrupted
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# status line will look like an HTTP/0.9 response.
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# See RFC 2616 sec 19.6 and RFC 1945 sec 6 for details.
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def __init__(self, sock, debuglevel=0, strict=0, method=None, buffering=False):
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if buffering:
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# The caller won't be using any sock.recv() calls, so buffering
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# is fine and recommended for performance.
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self.fp = sock.makefile('rb')
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else:
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# The buffer size is specified as zero, because the headers of
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# the response are read with readline(). If the reads were
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# buffered the readline() calls could consume some of the
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# response, which make be read via a recv() on the underlying
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# socket.
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self.fp = sock.makefile('rb', 0)
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self.debuglevel = debuglevel
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self.strict = strict
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self._method = method
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self.msg = None
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# from the Status-Line of the response
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self.version = _UNKNOWN # HTTP-Version
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self.status = _UNKNOWN # Status-Code
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self.reason = _UNKNOWN # Reason-Phrase
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self.chunked = _UNKNOWN # is "chunked" being used?
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self.chunk_left = _UNKNOWN # bytes left to read in current chunk
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self.length = _UNKNOWN # number of bytes left in response
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self.will_close = _UNKNOWN # conn will close at end of response
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def _read_status(self):
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# Initialize with Simple-Response defaults
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line = self.fp.readline()
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if self.debuglevel > 0:
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print "reply:", repr(line)
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if not line:
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# Presumably, the server closed the connection before
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# sending a valid response.
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raise BadStatusLine(line)
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try:
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[version, status, reason] = line.split(None, 2)
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except ValueError:
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try:
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[version, status] = line.split(None, 1)
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reason = ""
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except ValueError:
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# empty version will cause next test to fail and status
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# will be treated as 0.9 response.
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version = ""
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if not version.startswith('HTTP/'):
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if self.strict:
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self.close()
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raise BadStatusLine(line)
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else:
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# assume it's a Simple-Response from an 0.9 server
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self.fp = LineAndFileWrapper(line, self.fp)
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return "HTTP/0.9", 200, ""
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# The status code is a three-digit number
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try:
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status = int(status)
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if status < 100 or status > 999:
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raise BadStatusLine(line)
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except ValueError:
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raise BadStatusLine(line)
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return version, status, reason
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def begin(self):
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if self.msg is not None:
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# we've already started reading the response
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return
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# read until we get a non-100 response
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while True:
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version, status, reason = self._read_status()
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if status != CONTINUE:
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break
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# skip the header from the 100 response
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while True:
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skip = self.fp.readline().strip()
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if not skip:
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break
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if self.debuglevel > 0:
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print "header:", skip
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self.status = status
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self.reason = reason.strip()
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if version == 'HTTP/1.0':
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self.version = 10
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elif version.startswith('HTTP/1.'):
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self.version = 11 # use HTTP/1.1 code for HTTP/1.x where x>=1
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elif version == 'HTTP/0.9':
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self.version = 9
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else:
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raise UnknownProtocol(version)
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if self.version == 9:
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self.length = None
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self.chunked = 0
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self.will_close = 1
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self.msg = HTTPMessage(StringIO())
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return
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self.msg = HTTPMessage(self.fp, 0)
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if self.debuglevel > 0:
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for hdr in self.msg.headers:
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print "header:", hdr,
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|
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# don't let the msg keep an fp
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self.msg.fp = None
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|
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# are we using the chunked-style of transfer encoding?
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tr_enc = self.msg.getheader('transfer-encoding')
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if tr_enc and tr_enc.lower() == "chunked":
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self.chunked = 1
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self.chunk_left = None
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else:
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self.chunked = 0
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|
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# will the connection close at the end of the response?
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self.will_close = self._check_close()
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|
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# do we have a Content-Length?
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# NOTE: RFC 2616, S4.4, #3 says we ignore this if tr_enc is "chunked"
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length = self.msg.getheader('content-length')
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if length and not self.chunked:
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try:
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self.length = int(length)
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except ValueError:
|
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self.length = None
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else:
|
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if self.length < 0: # ignore nonsensical negative lengths
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self.length = None
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else:
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self.length = None
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|
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# does the body have a fixed length? (of zero)
|
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if (status == NO_CONTENT or status == NOT_MODIFIED or
|
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100 <= status < 200 or # 1xx codes
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self._method == 'HEAD'):
|
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self.length = 0
|
|
|
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# if the connection remains open, and we aren't using chunked, and
|
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# a content-length was not provided, then assume that the connection
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# WILL close.
|
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if not self.will_close and \
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not self.chunked and \
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self.length is None:
|
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self.will_close = 1
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|
|
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def _check_close(self):
|
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conn = self.msg.getheader('connection')
|
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if self.version == 11:
|
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# An HTTP/1.1 proxy is assumed to stay open unless
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# explicitly closed.
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conn = self.msg.getheader('connection')
|
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if conn and "close" in conn.lower():
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return True
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return False
|
|
|
|
# Some HTTP/1.0 implementations have support for persistent
|
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# connections, using rules different than HTTP/1.1.
|
|
|
|
# For older HTTP, Keep-Alive indicates persistent connection.
|
|
if self.msg.getheader('keep-alive'):
|
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return False
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|
|
# At least Akamai returns a "Connection: Keep-Alive" header,
|
|
# which was supposed to be sent by the client.
|
|
if conn and "keep-alive" in conn.lower():
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return False
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|
|
# Proxy-Connection is a netscape hack.
|
|
pconn = self.msg.getheader('proxy-connection')
|
|
if pconn and "keep-alive" in pconn.lower():
|
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return False
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|
|
# otherwise, assume it will close
|
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return True
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|
|
def close(self):
|
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if self.fp:
|
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self.fp.close()
|
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self.fp = None
|
|
|
|
def isclosed(self):
|
|
# NOTE: it is possible that we will not ever call self.close(). This
|
|
# case occurs when will_close is TRUE, length is None, and we
|
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# read up to the last byte, but NOT past it.
|
|
#
|
|
# IMPLIES: if will_close is FALSE, then self.close() will ALWAYS be
|
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# called, meaning self.isclosed() is meaningful.
|
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return self.fp is None
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|
|
# XXX It would be nice to have readline and __iter__ for this, too.
|
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|
|
def read(self, amt=None):
|
|
if self.fp is None:
|
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return ''
|
|
|
|
if self._method == 'HEAD':
|
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self.close()
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return ''
|
|
|
|
if self.chunked:
|
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return self._read_chunked(amt)
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|
|
|
if amt is None:
|
|
# unbounded read
|
|
if self.length is None:
|
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s = self.fp.read()
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|
else:
|
|
s = self._safe_read(self.length)
|
|
self.length = 0
|
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self.close() # we read everything
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return s
|
|
|
|
if self.length is not None:
|
|
if amt > self.length:
|
|
# clip the read to the "end of response"
|
|
amt = self.length
|
|
|
|
# we do not use _safe_read() here because this may be a .will_close
|
|
# connection, and the user is reading more bytes than will be provided
|
|
# (for example, reading in 1k chunks)
|
|
s = self.fp.read(amt)
|
|
if self.length is not None:
|
|
self.length -= len(s)
|
|
if not self.length:
|
|
self.close()
|
|
return s
|
|
|
|
def _read_chunked(self, amt):
|
|
assert self.chunked != _UNKNOWN
|
|
chunk_left = self.chunk_left
|
|
value = []
|
|
while True:
|
|
if chunk_left is None:
|
|
line = self.fp.readline()
|
|
i = line.find(';')
|
|
if i >= 0:
|
|
line = line[:i] # strip chunk-extensions
|
|
try:
|
|
chunk_left = int(line, 16)
|
|
except ValueError:
|
|
# close the connection as protocol synchronisation is
|
|
# probably lost
|
|
self.close()
|
|
raise IncompleteRead(''.join(value))
|
|
if chunk_left == 0:
|
|
break
|
|
if amt is None:
|
|
value.append(self._safe_read(chunk_left))
|
|
elif amt < chunk_left:
|
|
value.append(self._safe_read(amt))
|
|
self.chunk_left = chunk_left - amt
|
|
return ''.join(value)
|
|
elif amt == chunk_left:
|
|
value.append(self._safe_read(amt))
|
|
self._safe_read(2) # toss the CRLF at the end of the chunk
|
|
self.chunk_left = None
|
|
return ''.join(value)
|
|
else:
|
|
value.append(self._safe_read(chunk_left))
|
|
amt -= chunk_left
|
|
|
|
# we read the whole chunk, get another
|
|
self._safe_read(2) # toss the CRLF at the end of the chunk
|
|
chunk_left = None
|
|
|
|
# read and discard trailer up to the CRLF terminator
|
|
### note: we shouldn't have any trailers!
|
|
while True:
|
|
line = self.fp.readline()
|
|
if not line:
|
|
# a vanishingly small number of sites EOF without
|
|
# sending the trailer
|
|
break
|
|
if line == '\r\n':
|
|
break
|
|
|
|
# we read everything; close the "file"
|
|
self.close()
|
|
|
|
return ''.join(value)
|
|
|
|
def _safe_read(self, amt):
|
|
"""Read the number of bytes requested, compensating for partial reads.
|
|
|
|
Normally, we have a blocking socket, but a read() can be interrupted
|
|
by a signal (resulting in a partial read).
|
|
|
|
Note that we cannot distinguish between EOF and an interrupt when zero
|
|
bytes have been read. IncompleteRead() will be raised in this
|
|
situation.
|
|
|
|
This function should be used when <amt> bytes "should" be present for
|
|
reading. If the bytes are truly not available (due to EOF), then the
|
|
IncompleteRead exception can be used to detect the problem.
|
|
"""
|
|
# NOTE(gps): As of svn r74426 socket._fileobject.read(x) will never
|
|
# return less than x bytes unless EOF is encountered. It now handles
|
|
# signal interruptions (socket.error EINTR) internally. This code
|
|
# never caught that exception anyways. It seems largely pointless.
|
|
# self.fp.read(amt) will work fine.
|
|
s = []
|
|
while amt > 0:
|
|
chunk = self.fp.read(min(amt, MAXAMOUNT))
|
|
if not chunk:
|
|
raise IncompleteRead(''.join(s), amt)
|
|
s.append(chunk)
|
|
amt -= len(chunk)
|
|
return ''.join(s)
|
|
|
|
def getheader(self, name, default=None):
|
|
if self.msg is None:
|
|
raise ResponseNotReady()
|
|
return self.msg.getheader(name, default)
|
|
|
|
def getheaders(self):
|
|
"""Return list of (header, value) tuples."""
|
|
if self.msg is None:
|
|
raise ResponseNotReady()
|
|
return self.msg.items()
|
|
|
|
|
|
class HTTPConnection:
|
|
|
|
_http_vsn = 11
|
|
_http_vsn_str = 'HTTP/1.1'
|
|
|
|
response_class = HTTPResponse
|
|
default_port = HTTP_PORT
|
|
auto_open = 1
|
|
debuglevel = 0
|
|
strict = 0
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, host, port=None, strict=None,
|
|
timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, source_address=None):
|
|
self.timeout = timeout
|
|
self.source_address = source_address
|
|
self.sock = None
|
|
self._buffer = []
|
|
self.__response = None
|
|
self.__state = _CS_IDLE
|
|
self._method = None
|
|
self._tunnel_host = None
|
|
self._tunnel_port = None
|
|
self._tunnel_headers = {}
|
|
|
|
self._set_hostport(host, port)
|
|
if strict is not None:
|
|
self.strict = strict
|
|
|
|
def set_tunnel(self, host, port=None, headers=None):
|
|
""" Sets up the host and the port for the HTTP CONNECT Tunnelling.
|
|
|
|
The headers argument should be a mapping of extra HTTP headers
|
|
to send with the CONNECT request.
|
|
"""
|
|
self._tunnel_host = host
|
|
self._tunnel_port = port
|
|
if headers:
|
|
self._tunnel_headers = headers
|
|
else:
|
|
self._tunnel_headers.clear()
|
|
|
|
def _set_hostport(self, host, port):
|
|
if port is None:
|
|
i = host.rfind(':')
|
|
j = host.rfind(']') # ipv6 addresses have [...]
|
|
if i > j:
|
|
try:
|
|
port = int(host[i+1:])
|
|
except ValueError:
|
|
raise InvalidURL("nonnumeric port: '%s'" % host[i+1:])
|
|
host = host[:i]
|
|
else:
|
|
port = self.default_port
|
|
if host and host[0] == '[' and host[-1] == ']':
|
|
host = host[1:-1]
|
|
self.host = host
|
|
self.port = port
|
|
|
|
def set_debuglevel(self, level):
|
|
self.debuglevel = level
|
|
|
|
def _tunnel(self):
|
|
self._set_hostport(self._tunnel_host, self._tunnel_port)
|
|
self.send("CONNECT %s:%d HTTP/1.0\r\n" % (self.host, self.port))
|
|
for header, value in self._tunnel_headers.iteritems():
|
|
self.send("%s: %s\r\n" % (header, value))
|
|
self.send("\r\n")
|
|
response = self.response_class(self.sock, strict = self.strict,
|
|
method = self._method)
|
|
(version, code, message) = response._read_status()
|
|
|
|
if code != 200:
|
|
self.close()
|
|
raise socket.error("Tunnel connection failed: %d %s" % (code,
|
|
message.strip()))
|
|
while True:
|
|
line = response.fp.readline()
|
|
if line == '\r\n': break
|
|
|
|
|
|
def connect(self):
|
|
"""Connect to the host and port specified in __init__."""
|
|
self.sock = socket.create_connection((self.host,self.port),
|
|
self.timeout, self.source_address)
|
|
|
|
if self._tunnel_host:
|
|
self._tunnel()
|
|
|
|
def close(self):
|
|
"""Close the connection to the HTTP server."""
|
|
if self.sock:
|
|
self.sock.close() # close it manually... there may be other refs
|
|
self.sock = None
|
|
if self.__response:
|
|
self.__response.close()
|
|
self.__response = None
|
|
self.__state = _CS_IDLE
|
|
|
|
def send(self, str):
|
|
"""Send `str' to the server."""
|
|
if self.sock is None:
|
|
if self.auto_open:
|
|
self.connect()
|
|
else:
|
|
raise NotConnected()
|
|
|
|
# send the data to the server. if we get a broken pipe, then close
|
|
# the socket. we want to reconnect when somebody tries to send again.
|
|
#
|
|
# NOTE: we DO propagate the error, though, because we cannot simply
|
|
# ignore the error... the caller will know if they can retry.
|
|
if self.debuglevel > 0:
|
|
print "send:", repr(str)
|
|
try:
|
|
blocksize=8192
|
|
if hasattr(str,'read') and not isinstance(str, array):
|
|
if self.debuglevel > 0: print "sendIng a read()able"
|
|
data=str.read(blocksize)
|
|
while data:
|
|
self.sock.sendall(data)
|
|
data=str.read(blocksize)
|
|
else:
|
|
self.sock.sendall(str)
|
|
except socket.error, v:
|
|
if v.args[0] == 32: # Broken pipe
|
|
self.close()
|
|
raise
|
|
|
|
def _output(self, s):
|
|
"""Add a line of output to the current request buffer.
|
|
|
|
Assumes that the line does *not* end with \\r\\n.
|
|
"""
|
|
self._buffer.append(s)
|
|
|
|
def _send_output(self, message_body=None):
|
|
"""Send the currently buffered request and clear the buffer.
|
|
|
|
Appends an extra \\r\\n to the buffer.
|
|
A message_body may be specified, to be appended to the request.
|
|
"""
|
|
self._buffer.extend(("", ""))
|
|
msg = "\r\n".join(self._buffer)
|
|
del self._buffer[:]
|
|
# If msg and message_body are sent in a single send() call,
|
|
# it will avoid performance problems caused by the interaction
|
|
# between delayed ack and the Nagle algorithim.
|
|
if isinstance(message_body, str):
|
|
msg += message_body
|
|
message_body = None
|
|
self.send(msg)
|
|
if message_body is not None:
|
|
#message_body was not a string (i.e. it is a file) and
|
|
#we must run the risk of Nagle
|
|
self.send(message_body)
|
|
|
|
def putrequest(self, method, url, skip_host=0, skip_accept_encoding=0):
|
|
"""Send a request to the server.
|
|
|
|
`method' specifies an HTTP request method, e.g. 'GET'.
|
|
`url' specifies the object being requested, e.g. '/index.html'.
|
|
`skip_host' if True does not add automatically a 'Host:' header
|
|
`skip_accept_encoding' if True does not add automatically an
|
|
'Accept-Encoding:' header
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
# if a prior response has been completed, then forget about it.
|
|
if self.__response and self.__response.isclosed():
|
|
self.__response = None
|
|
|
|
|
|
# in certain cases, we cannot issue another request on this connection.
|
|
# this occurs when:
|
|
# 1) we are in the process of sending a request. (_CS_REQ_STARTED)
|
|
# 2) a response to a previous request has signalled that it is going
|
|
# to close the connection upon completion.
|
|
# 3) the headers for the previous response have not been read, thus
|
|
# we cannot determine whether point (2) is true. (_CS_REQ_SENT)
|
|
#
|
|
# if there is no prior response, then we can request at will.
|
|
#
|
|
# if point (2) is true, then we will have passed the socket to the
|
|
# response (effectively meaning, "there is no prior response"), and
|
|
# will open a new one when a new request is made.
|
|
#
|
|
# Note: if a prior response exists, then we *can* start a new request.
|
|
# We are not allowed to begin fetching the response to this new
|
|
# request, however, until that prior response is complete.
|
|
#
|
|
if self.__state == _CS_IDLE:
|
|
self.__state = _CS_REQ_STARTED
|
|
else:
|
|
raise CannotSendRequest()
|
|
|
|
# Save the method we use, we need it later in the response phase
|
|
self._method = method
|
|
if not url:
|
|
url = '/'
|
|
str = '%s %s %s' % (method, url, self._http_vsn_str)
|
|
|
|
self._output(str)
|
|
|
|
if self._http_vsn == 11:
|
|
# Issue some standard headers for better HTTP/1.1 compliance
|
|
|
|
if not skip_host:
|
|
# this header is issued *only* for HTTP/1.1
|
|
# connections. more specifically, this means it is
|
|
# only issued when the client uses the new
|
|
# HTTPConnection() class. backwards-compat clients
|
|
# will be using HTTP/1.0 and those clients may be
|
|
# issuing this header themselves. we should NOT issue
|
|
# it twice; some web servers (such as Apache) barf
|
|
# when they see two Host: headers
|
|
|
|
# If we need a non-standard port,include it in the
|
|
# header. If the request is going through a proxy,
|
|
# but the host of the actual URL, not the host of the
|
|
# proxy.
|
|
|
|
netloc = ''
|
|
if url.startswith('http'):
|
|
nil, netloc, nil, nil, nil = urlsplit(url)
|
|
|
|
if netloc:
|
|
try:
|
|
netloc_enc = netloc.encode("ascii")
|
|
except UnicodeEncodeError:
|
|
netloc_enc = netloc.encode("idna")
|
|
self.putheader('Host', netloc_enc)
|
|
else:
|
|
try:
|
|
host_enc = self.host.encode("ascii")
|
|
except UnicodeEncodeError:
|
|
host_enc = self.host.encode("idna")
|
|
if self.port == self.default_port:
|
|
self.putheader('Host', host_enc)
|
|
else:
|
|
self.putheader('Host', "%s:%s" % (host_enc, self.port))
|
|
|
|
# note: we are assuming that clients will not attempt to set these
|
|
# headers since *this* library must deal with the
|
|
# consequences. this also means that when the supporting
|
|
# libraries are updated to recognize other forms, then this
|
|
# code should be changed (removed or updated).
|
|
|
|
# we only want a Content-Encoding of "identity" since we don't
|
|
# support encodings such as x-gzip or x-deflate.
|
|
if not skip_accept_encoding:
|
|
self.putheader('Accept-Encoding', 'identity')
|
|
|
|
# we can accept "chunked" Transfer-Encodings, but no others
|
|
# NOTE: no TE header implies *only* "chunked"
|
|
#self.putheader('TE', 'chunked')
|
|
|
|
# if TE is supplied in the header, then it must appear in a
|
|
# Connection header.
|
|
#self.putheader('Connection', 'TE')
|
|
|
|
else:
|
|
# For HTTP/1.0, the server will assume "not chunked"
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
def putheader(self, header, *values):
|
|
"""Send a request header line to the server.
|
|
|
|
For example: h.putheader('Accept', 'text/html')
|
|
"""
|
|
if self.__state != _CS_REQ_STARTED:
|
|
raise CannotSendHeader()
|
|
|
|
str = '%s: %s' % (header, '\r\n\t'.join(values))
|
|
self._output(str)
|
|
|
|
def endheaders(self, message_body=None):
|
|
"""Indicate that the last header line has been sent to the server.
|
|
|
|
This method sends the request to the server. The optional
|
|
message_body argument can be used to pass message body
|
|
associated with the request. The message body will be sent in
|
|
the same packet as the message headers if possible. The
|
|
message_body should be a string.
|
|
"""
|
|
if self.__state == _CS_REQ_STARTED:
|
|
self.__state = _CS_REQ_SENT
|
|
else:
|
|
raise CannotSendHeader()
|
|
self._send_output(message_body)
|
|
|
|
def request(self, method, url, body=None, headers={}):
|
|
"""Send a complete request to the server."""
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)
|
|
except socket.error, v:
|
|
# trap 'Broken pipe' if we're allowed to automatically reconnect
|
|
if v.args[0] != 32 or not self.auto_open:
|
|
raise
|
|
# try one more time
|
|
self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)
|
|
|
|
def _set_content_length(self, body):
|
|
# Set the content-length based on the body.
|
|
thelen = None
|
|
try:
|
|
thelen = str(len(body))
|
|
except TypeError, te:
|
|
# If this is a file-like object, try to
|
|
# fstat its file descriptor
|
|
import os
|
|
try:
|
|
thelen = str(os.fstat(body.fileno()).st_size)
|
|
except (AttributeError, OSError):
|
|
# Don't send a length if this failed
|
|
if self.debuglevel > 0: print "Cannot stat!!"
|
|
|
|
if thelen is not None:
|
|
self.putheader('Content-Length', thelen)
|
|
|
|
def _send_request(self, method, url, body, headers):
|
|
# honour explicitly requested Host: and Accept-Encoding headers
|
|
header_names = dict.fromkeys([k.lower() for k in headers])
|
|
skips = {}
|
|
if 'host' in header_names:
|
|
skips['skip_host'] = 1
|
|
if 'accept-encoding' in header_names:
|
|
skips['skip_accept_encoding'] = 1
|
|
|
|
self.putrequest(method, url, **skips)
|
|
|
|
if body and ('content-length' not in header_names):
|
|
self._set_content_length(body)
|
|
for hdr, value in headers.iteritems():
|
|
self.putheader(hdr, value)
|
|
self.endheaders(body)
|
|
|
|
def getresponse(self, buffering=False):
|
|
"Get the response from the server."
|
|
|
|
# if a prior response has been completed, then forget about it.
|
|
if self.__response and self.__response.isclosed():
|
|
self.__response = None
|
|
|
|
#
|
|
# if a prior response exists, then it must be completed (otherwise, we
|
|
# cannot read this response's header to determine the connection-close
|
|
# behavior)
|
|
#
|
|
# note: if a prior response existed, but was connection-close, then the
|
|
# socket and response were made independent of this HTTPConnection
|
|
# object since a new request requires that we open a whole new
|
|
# connection
|
|
#
|
|
# this means the prior response had one of two states:
|
|
# 1) will_close: this connection was reset and the prior socket and
|
|
# response operate independently
|
|
# 2) persistent: the response was retained and we await its
|
|
# isclosed() status to become true.
|
|
#
|
|
if self.__state != _CS_REQ_SENT or self.__response:
|
|
raise ResponseNotReady()
|
|
|
|
args = (self.sock,)
|
|
kwds = {"strict":self.strict, "method":self._method}
|
|
if self.debuglevel > 0:
|
|
args += (self.debuglevel,)
|
|
if buffering:
|
|
#only add this keyword if non-default, for compatibility with
|
|
#other response_classes.
|
|
kwds["buffering"] = True;
|
|
response = self.response_class(*args, **kwds)
|
|
|
|
response.begin()
|
|
assert response.will_close != _UNKNOWN
|
|
self.__state = _CS_IDLE
|
|
|
|
if response.will_close:
|
|
# this effectively passes the connection to the response
|
|
self.close()
|
|
else:
|
|
# remember this, so we can tell when it is complete
|
|
self.__response = response
|
|
|
|
return response
|
|
|
|
|
|
class HTTP:
|
|
"Compatibility class with httplib.py from 1.5."
|
|
|
|
_http_vsn = 10
|
|
_http_vsn_str = 'HTTP/1.0'
|
|
|
|
debuglevel = 0
|
|
|
|
_connection_class = HTTPConnection
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, host='', port=None, strict=None):
|
|
"Provide a default host, since the superclass requires one."
|
|
|
|
# some joker passed 0 explicitly, meaning default port
|
|
if port == 0:
|
|
port = None
|
|
|
|
# Note that we may pass an empty string as the host; this will throw
|
|
# an error when we attempt to connect. Presumably, the client code
|
|
# will call connect before then, with a proper host.
|
|
self._setup(self._connection_class(host, port, strict))
|
|
|
|
def _setup(self, conn):
|
|
self._conn = conn
|
|
|
|
# set up delegation to flesh out interface
|
|
self.send = conn.send
|
|
self.putrequest = conn.putrequest
|
|
self.putheader = conn.putheader
|
|
self.endheaders = conn.endheaders
|
|
self.set_debuglevel = conn.set_debuglevel
|
|
|
|
conn._http_vsn = self._http_vsn
|
|
conn._http_vsn_str = self._http_vsn_str
|
|
|
|
self.file = None
|
|
|
|
def connect(self, host=None, port=None):
|
|
"Accept arguments to set the host/port, since the superclass doesn't."
|
|
|
|
if host is not None:
|
|
self._conn._set_hostport(host, port)
|
|
self._conn.connect()
|
|
|
|
def getfile(self):
|
|
"Provide a getfile, since the superclass' does not use this concept."
|
|
return self.file
|
|
|
|
def getreply(self, buffering=False):
|
|
"""Compat definition since superclass does not define it.
|
|
|
|
Returns a tuple consisting of:
|
|
- server status code (e.g. '200' if all goes well)
|
|
- server "reason" corresponding to status code
|
|
- any RFC822 headers in the response from the server
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
if not buffering:
|
|
response = self._conn.getresponse()
|
|
else:
|
|
#only add this keyword if non-default for compatibility
|
|
#with other connection classes
|
|
response = self._conn.getresponse(buffering)
|
|
except BadStatusLine, e:
|
|
### hmm. if getresponse() ever closes the socket on a bad request,
|
|
### then we are going to have problems with self.sock
|
|
|
|
### should we keep this behavior? do people use it?
|
|
# keep the socket open (as a file), and return it
|
|
self.file = self._conn.sock.makefile('rb', 0)
|
|
|
|
# close our socket -- we want to restart after any protocol error
|
|
self.close()
|
|
|
|
self.headers = None
|
|
return -1, e.line, None
|
|
|
|
self.headers = response.msg
|
|
self.file = response.fp
|
|
return response.status, response.reason, response.msg
|
|
|
|
def close(self):
|
|
self._conn.close()
|
|
|
|
# note that self.file == response.fp, which gets closed by the
|
|
# superclass. just clear the object ref here.
|
|
### hmm. messy. if status==-1, then self.file is owned by us.
|
|
### well... we aren't explicitly closing, but losing this ref will
|
|
### do it
|
|
self.file = None
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
import ssl
|
|
except ImportError:
|
|
pass
|
|
else:
|
|
class HTTPSConnection(HTTPConnection):
|
|
"This class allows communication via SSL."
|
|
|
|
default_port = HTTPS_PORT
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, host, port=None, key_file=None, cert_file=None,
|
|
strict=None, timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
|
|
source_address=None):
|
|
HTTPConnection.__init__(self, host, port, strict, timeout,
|
|
source_address)
|
|
self.key_file = key_file
|
|
self.cert_file = cert_file
|
|
|
|
def connect(self):
|
|
"Connect to a host on a given (SSL) port."
|
|
|
|
sock = socket.create_connection((self.host, self.port),
|
|
self.timeout, self.source_address)
|
|
if self._tunnel_host:
|
|
self.sock = sock
|
|
self._tunnel()
|
|
self.sock = ssl.wrap_socket(sock, self.key_file, self.cert_file)
|
|
|
|
__all__.append("HTTPSConnection")
|
|
|
|
class HTTPS(HTTP):
|
|
"""Compatibility with 1.5 httplib interface
|
|
|
|
Python 1.5.2 did not have an HTTPS class, but it defined an
|
|
interface for sending http requests that is also useful for
|
|
https.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
_connection_class = HTTPSConnection
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, host='', port=None, key_file=None, cert_file=None,
|
|
strict=None):
|
|
# provide a default host, pass the X509 cert info
|
|
|
|
# urf. compensate for bad input.
|
|
if port == 0:
|
|
port = None
|
|
self._setup(self._connection_class(host, port, key_file,
|
|
cert_file, strict))
|
|
|
|
# we never actually use these for anything, but we keep them
|
|
# here for compatibility with post-1.5.2 CVS.
|
|
self.key_file = key_file
|
|
self.cert_file = cert_file
|
|
|
|
|
|
def FakeSocket (sock, sslobj):
|
|
warnings.warn("FakeSocket is deprecated, and won't be in 3.x. " +
|
|
"Use the result of ssl.wrap_socket() directly instead.",
|
|
DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
|
|
return sslobj
|
|
|
|
|
|
class HTTPException(Exception):
|
|
# Subclasses that define an __init__ must call Exception.__init__
|
|
# or define self.args. Otherwise, str() will fail.
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
class NotConnected(HTTPException):
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
class InvalidURL(HTTPException):
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
class UnknownProtocol(HTTPException):
|
|
def __init__(self, version):
|
|
self.args = version,
|
|
self.version = version
|
|
|
|
class UnknownTransferEncoding(HTTPException):
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
class UnimplementedFileMode(HTTPException):
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
class IncompleteRead(HTTPException):
|
|
def __init__(self, partial, expected=None):
|
|
self.args = partial,
|
|
self.partial = partial
|
|
self.expected = expected
|
|
def __repr__(self):
|
|
if self.expected is not None:
|
|
e = ', %i more expected' % self.expected
|
|
else:
|
|
e = ''
|
|
return 'IncompleteRead(%i bytes read%s)' % (len(self.partial), e)
|
|
def __str__(self):
|
|
return repr(self)
|
|
|
|
class ImproperConnectionState(HTTPException):
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
class CannotSendRequest(ImproperConnectionState):
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
class CannotSendHeader(ImproperConnectionState):
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
class ResponseNotReady(ImproperConnectionState):
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
class BadStatusLine(HTTPException):
|
|
def __init__(self, line):
|
|
if not line:
|
|
line = repr(line)
|
|
self.args = line,
|
|
self.line = line
|
|
|
|
# for backwards compatibility
|
|
error = HTTPException
|
|
|
|
class LineAndFileWrapper:
|
|
"""A limited file-like object for HTTP/0.9 responses."""
|
|
|
|
# The status-line parsing code calls readline(), which normally
|
|
# get the HTTP status line. For a 0.9 response, however, this is
|
|
# actually the first line of the body! Clients need to get a
|
|
# readable file object that contains that line.
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, line, file):
|
|
self._line = line
|
|
self._file = file
|
|
self._line_consumed = 0
|
|
self._line_offset = 0
|
|
self._line_left = len(line)
|
|
|
|
def __getattr__(self, attr):
|
|
return getattr(self._file, attr)
|
|
|
|
def _done(self):
|
|
# called when the last byte is read from the line. After the
|
|
# call, all read methods are delegated to the underlying file
|
|
# object.
|
|
self._line_consumed = 1
|
|
self.read = self._file.read
|
|
self.readline = self._file.readline
|
|
self.readlines = self._file.readlines
|
|
|
|
def read(self, amt=None):
|
|
if self._line_consumed:
|
|
return self._file.read(amt)
|
|
assert self._line_left
|
|
if amt is None or amt > self._line_left:
|
|
s = self._line[self._line_offset:]
|
|
self._done()
|
|
if amt is None:
|
|
return s + self._file.read()
|
|
else:
|
|
return s + self._file.read(amt - len(s))
|
|
else:
|
|
assert amt <= self._line_left
|
|
i = self._line_offset
|
|
j = i + amt
|
|
s = self._line[i:j]
|
|
self._line_offset = j
|
|
self._line_left -= amt
|
|
if self._line_left == 0:
|
|
self._done()
|
|
return s
|
|
|
|
def readline(self):
|
|
if self._line_consumed:
|
|
return self._file.readline()
|
|
assert self._line_left
|
|
s = self._line[self._line_offset:]
|
|
self._done()
|
|
return s
|
|
|
|
def readlines(self, size=None):
|
|
if self._line_consumed:
|
|
return self._file.readlines(size)
|
|
assert self._line_left
|
|
L = [self._line[self._line_offset:]]
|
|
self._done()
|
|
if size is None:
|
|
return L + self._file.readlines()
|
|
else:
|
|
return L + self._file.readlines(size)
|
|
|
|
def test():
|
|
"""Test this module.
|
|
|
|
A hodge podge of tests collected here, because they have too many
|
|
external dependencies for the regular test suite.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
import sys
|
|
import getopt
|
|
opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'd')
|
|
dl = 0
|
|
for o, a in opts:
|
|
if o == '-d': dl = dl + 1
|
|
host = 'www.python.org'
|
|
selector = '/'
|
|
if args[0:]: host = args[0]
|
|
if args[1:]: selector = args[1]
|
|
h = HTTP()
|
|
h.set_debuglevel(dl)
|
|
h.connect(host)
|
|
h.putrequest('GET', selector)
|
|
h.endheaders()
|
|
status, reason, headers = h.getreply()
|
|
print 'status =', status
|
|
print 'reason =', reason
|
|
print "read", len(h.getfile().read())
|
|
print
|
|
if headers:
|
|
for header in headers.headers: print header.strip()
|
|
print
|
|
|
|
# minimal test that code to extract host from url works
|
|
class HTTP11(HTTP):
|
|
_http_vsn = 11
|
|
_http_vsn_str = 'HTTP/1.1'
|
|
|
|
h = HTTP11('www.python.org')
|
|
h.putrequest('GET', 'http://www.python.org/~jeremy/')
|
|
h.endheaders()
|
|
h.getreply()
|
|
h.close()
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
import ssl
|
|
except ImportError:
|
|
pass
|
|
else:
|
|
|
|
for host, selector in (('sourceforge.net', '/projects/python'),
|
|
):
|
|
print "https://%s%s" % (host, selector)
|
|
hs = HTTPS()
|
|
hs.set_debuglevel(dl)
|
|
hs.connect(host)
|
|
hs.putrequest('GET', selector)
|
|
hs.endheaders()
|
|
status, reason, headers = hs.getreply()
|
|
print 'status =', status
|
|
print 'reason =', reason
|
|
print "read", len(hs.getfile().read())
|
|
print
|
|
if headers:
|
|
for header in headers.headers: print header.strip()
|
|
print
|
|
|
|
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
|
test()
|