254 lines
6.8 KiB
Plaintext
254 lines
6.8 KiB
Plaintext
+++++++++++
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Python News
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+++++++++++
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(editors: check NEWS.help for information about editing NEWS using ReST.)
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What's New in Python 3.0a1?
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==========================
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*Release date: 31-Aug-2007*
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Core and Builtins
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-----------------
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- PEP 3131: Support non-ASCII identifiers.
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- PEP 3120: Change default encoding to UTF-8.
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- PEP 3123: Use proper C inheritance for PyObject.
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- Removed the __oct__ and __hex__ special methods and added a bin()
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builtin function.
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- PEP 3127: octal literals now start with "0o". Old-style octal literals
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are invalid. There are binary literals with a prefix of "0b".
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This also affects int(x, 0).
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- None, True, False are now keywords.
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- PEP 3119: isinstance() and issubclass() can be overridden.
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- Remove BaseException.message.
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- Remove tuple parameter unpacking (PEP 3113).
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- Remove the f_restricted attribute from frames. This naturally leads to the
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removal of PyEval_GetRestricted() and PyFrame_IsRestricted().
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- PEP 3132 was accepted. That means that you can do ``a, *b = range(5)``
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to assign 0 to a and [1, 2, 3, 4] to b.
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- range() now returns an iterator rather than a list. Floats are not allowed.
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xrange() is no longer defined.
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- Patch #1660500: hide iteration variable in list comps, add set comps
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and use common code to handle compilation of iterative expressions
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- By default, != returns the opposite of ==, unless the latter returns
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NotImplemented.
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- Patch #1680961: sys.exitfunc has been removed and replaced with a private
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C-level API.
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- PEP 3115: new metaclasses: the metaclass is now specified as a
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keyword arg in the class statement, which can now use the full syntax of
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a parameter list. Also, the metaclass can implement a __prepare__ function
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which will be called to create the dictionary for the new class namespace.
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- The long-deprecated argument "pend" of PyFloat_FromString() has been
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removed.
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- The dir() function has been extended to call the __dir__() method on
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its argument, if it exists. If not, it will work like before. This allows
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customizing the output of dir() in the presence of a __getattr__().
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- Removed support for __members__ and __methods__.
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- Removed indexing/slicing on BaseException.
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- input() became raw_input(): the name input() now implements the
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functionality formerly known as raw_input(); the name raw_input()
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is no longer defined.
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- Classes listed in an 'except' clause must inherit from BaseException.
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- PEP 3106: dict.iterkeys(), .iteritems(), .itervalues() are now gone;
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and .keys(), .items(), .values() return dict views.
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- PEP 3105: print is now a function. Also (not in the PEP) the
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'softspace' attribute of files is now gone (since print() doesn't use
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it). A side effect of this change is that you can get incomplete
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output lines in interactive sessions:
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>>> print(42, end="")
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42>>>
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We may be able to fix this after the I/O library rewrite.
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- PEP 3102: keyword-only arguments.
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- Int/Long unification is complete. The 'long' built-in type
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and literals with trailing 'L' or 'l' have been removed.
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Performance may be sub-optimal (haven't really benchmarked).
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- 'except E, V' must now be spelled as 'except E as V' and deletes V
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at the end of the except clause; V must be a simple name.
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- Added function annotations per PEP 3107.
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- Added nonlocal declaration from PEP 3104
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>>> def f(x):
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... def inc():
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... nonlocal x
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... x += 1
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... return x
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... return inc
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...
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>>> inc = f(0)
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>>> inc()
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1
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>>> inc()
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2
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- Moved intern() to sys.intern().
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- exec is now a function.
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- Renamed nb_nonzero to nb_bool and __nonzero__ to __bool__.
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- Classic classes are a thing of the past. All classes are new style.
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- Exceptions *must* derive from BaseException.
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- Integer division always returns a float. The -Q option is no more.
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All the following are gone:
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* PyNumber_Divide and PyNumber_InPlaceDivide
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* __div__, __rdiv__, and __idiv__
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* nb_divide, nb_inplace_divide
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* operator.div, operator.idiv, operator.__div__, operator.__idiv__
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(Only __truediv__ and __floordiv__ remain, not sure how to handle them
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if we want to re-use __div__ and friends. If we do, it will make
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it harder to write code for both 2.x and 3.x.)
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- 'as' and 'with' are keywords.
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- Absolute import is the default behavior for 'import foo' etc.
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- Removed support for syntax:
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backticks (ie, `x`), <>
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- Removed these Python builtins:
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apply(), callable(), coerce(), execfile(), file(), reduce(), reload()
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- Removed these Python methods:
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{}.has_key
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- Removed these opcodes:
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BINARY_DIVIDE, INPLACE_DIVIDE, UNARY_CONVERT
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- Remove C API support for restricted execution.
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- zip returns an iterator
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- Additions:
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set literals, ellipsis literal
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- Added class decorators per PEP 3129.
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Extension Modules
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-----------------
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- Remove the imageop module. Obsolete long with its unit tests becoming
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useless from the removal of rgbimg and imgfile.
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- Removed these attributes from Python modules:
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* operator module: div, idiv, __div__, __idiv__, isCallable, sequenceIncludes
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* sys module: exc_clear(), exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback
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Library
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-------
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- Remove the compiler package. Use of the _ast module and (an eventual)
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AST -> bytecode mechanism.
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- Removed these modules:
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* audiodev, Bastion, bsddb185, exceptions, linuxaudiodev,
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md5, MimeWriter, mimify, popen2,
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rexec, sets, sha, stringold, strop, sunaudiodev, timing, xmllib.
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- Moved these modules to Tools/Demos:
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* toaiff
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- Remove obsolete IRIX modules: al/AL, cd/CD, cddb, cdplayer, cl/CL, DEVICE,
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ERRNO, FILE, fl/FL, flp, fm, GET, gl/GL, GLWS, IN, imgfile, IOCTL, jpeg,
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panel, panelparser, readcd, sgi, sv/SV, torgb, WAIT.
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- Remove obsolete functions:
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* commands.getstatus(), os.popen*,
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- Remove functions in the string module that are also string methods;
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Remove string.{letters, lowercase, uppercase}.
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- Remove support for long obsolete platforms: plat-aix3, plat-irix5.
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- Remove xmlrpclib.SlowParser. It was based on xmllib.
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- Patch #1680961: atexit has been reimplemented in C.
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- Add new codecs for UTF-32, UTF-32-LE and UTF-32-BE.
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Build
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-----
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C API
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-----
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- Removed these Python slots:
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__coerce__, __div__, __idiv__, __rdiv__
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- Removed these C APIs:
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PyNumber_Coerce(), PyNumber_CoerceEx(), PyMember_Get, PyMember_Set
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- Removed these C slots/fields:
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nb_divide, nb_inplace_divide
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- Removed these macros:
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staticforward, statichere, PyArg_GetInt, PyArg_NoArgs, _PyObject_Del
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- Removed these typedefs:
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intargfunc, intintargfunc, intobjargproc, intintobjargproc,
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getreadbufferproc, getwritebufferproc, getsegcountproc, getcharbufferproc,
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memberlist
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Tests
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-----
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Documentation
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-------------
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Mac
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---
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- The cfmfile was removed.
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Platforms
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---------
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- Support for BeOS and AtheOS was removed (according to PEP 11).
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- Support for RiscOS, Irix, Tru64 was removed (alledgedly).
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Tools/Demos
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-----------
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**(For information about older versions, consult the HISTORY file.)**
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