299 lines
9.3 KiB
Python
299 lines
9.3 KiB
Python
"""Internationalization and localization support.
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This module provides internationalization (I18N) and localization (L10N)
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support for your Python programs by providing an interface to the GNU gettext
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message catalog library.
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I18N refers to the operation by which a program is made aware of multiple
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languages. L10N refers to the adaptation of your program, once
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internationalized, to the local language and cultural habits.
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"""
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# This module represents the integration of work, contributions, feedback, and
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# suggestions from the following people:
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#
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# Martin von Loewis, who wrote the initial implementation of the underlying
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# C-based libintlmodule (later renamed _gettext), along with a skeletal
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# gettext.py implementation.
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#
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# Peter Funk, who wrote fintl.py, a fairly complete wrapper around intlmodule,
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# which also included a pure-Python implementation to read .mo files if
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# intlmodule wasn't available.
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#
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# James Henstridge, who also wrote a gettext.py module, which has some
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# interesting, but currently unsupported experimental features: the notion of
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# a Catalog class and instances, and the ability to add to a catalog file via
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# a Python API.
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#
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# Barry Warsaw integrated these modules, wrote the .install() API and code,
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# and conformed all C and Python code to Python's coding standards.
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#
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# Francois Pinard and Marc-Andre Lemburg also contributed valuably to this
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# module.
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#
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# TODO:
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# - Lazy loading of .mo files. Currently the entire catalog is loaded into
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# memory, but that's probably bad for large translated programs. Instead,
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# the lexical sort of original strings in GNU .mo files should be exploited
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# to do binary searches and lazy initializations. Or you might want to use
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# the undocumented double-hash algorithm for .mo files with hash tables, but
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# you'll need to study the GNU gettext code to do this.
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#
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# - Support Solaris .mo file formats. Unfortunately, we've been unable to
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# find this format documented anywhere.
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import os
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import sys
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import struct
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from errno import ENOENT
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_default_localedir = os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'share', 'locale')
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def _expand_lang(locale):
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from locale import normalize
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locale = normalize(locale)
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COMPONENT_CODESET = 1 << 0
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COMPONENT_TERRITORY = 1 << 1
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COMPONENT_MODIFIER = 1 << 2
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# split up the locale into its base components
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mask = 0
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pos = locale.find('@')
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if pos >= 0:
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modifier = locale[pos:]
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locale = locale[:pos]
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mask |= COMPONENT_MODIFIER
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else:
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modifier = ''
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pos = locale.find('.')
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if pos >= 0:
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codeset = locale[pos:]
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locale = locale[:pos]
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mask |= COMPONENT_CODESET
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else:
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codeset = ''
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pos = locale.find('_')
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if pos >= 0:
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territory = locale[pos:]
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locale = locale[:pos]
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mask |= COMPONENT_TERRITORY
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else:
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territory = ''
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language = locale
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ret = []
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for i in range(mask+1):
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if not (i & ~mask): # if all components for this combo exist ...
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val = language
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if i & COMPONENT_TERRITORY: val += territory
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if i & COMPONENT_CODESET: val += codeset
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if i & COMPONENT_MODIFIER: val += modifier
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ret.append(val)
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ret.reverse()
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return ret
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class NullTranslations:
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def __init__(self, fp=None):
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self._info = {}
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self._charset = None
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if fp:
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self._parse(fp)
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def _parse(self, fp):
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pass
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def gettext(self, message):
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return message
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def ugettext(self, message):
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return unicode(message)
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def info(self):
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return self._info
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def charset(self):
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return self._charset
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def install(self, unicode=0):
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import __builtin__
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__builtin__.__dict__['_'] = unicode and self.ugettext or self.gettext
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class GNUTranslations(NullTranslations):
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# Magic number of .mo files
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LE_MAGIC = 0x950412de
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BE_MAGIC = 0xde120495
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def _parse(self, fp):
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"""Override this method to support alternative .mo formats."""
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# We need to & all 32 bit unsigned integers with 0xffffffff for
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# portability to 64 bit machines.
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MASK = 0xffffffff
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unpack = struct.unpack
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filename = getattr(fp, 'name', '')
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# Parse the .mo file header, which consists of 5 little endian 32
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# bit words.
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self._catalog = catalog = {}
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buf = fp.read()
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buflen = len(buf)
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# Are we big endian or little endian?
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magic = unpack('<i', buf[:4])[0] & MASK
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if magic == self.LE_MAGIC:
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version, msgcount, masteridx, transidx = unpack('<4i', buf[4:20])
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ii = '<ii'
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elif magic == self.BE_MAGIC:
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version, msgcount, masteridx, transidx = unpack('>4i', buf[4:20])
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ii = '>ii'
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else:
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raise IOError(0, 'Bad magic number', filename)
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# more unsigned ints
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msgcount &= MASK
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masteridx &= MASK
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transidx &= MASK
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# Now put all messages from the .mo file buffer into the catalog
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# dictionary.
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for i in xrange(0, msgcount):
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mlen, moff = unpack(ii, buf[masteridx:masteridx+8])
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moff &= MASK
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mend = moff + (mlen & MASK)
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tlen, toff = unpack(ii, buf[transidx:transidx+8])
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toff &= MASK
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tend = toff + (tlen & MASK)
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if mend < buflen and tend < buflen:
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tmsg = buf[toff:tend]
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catalog[buf[moff:mend]] = tmsg
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else:
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raise IOError(0, 'File is corrupt', filename)
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# See if we're looking at GNU .mo conventions for metadata
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if mlen == 0 and tmsg.lower().startswith('project-id-version:'):
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# Catalog description
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for item in tmsg.split('\n'):
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item = item.strip()
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if not item:
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continue
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k, v = item.split(':', 1)
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k = k.strip().lower()
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v = v.strip()
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self._info[k] = v
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if k == 'content-type':
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self._charset = v.split('charset=')[1]
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# advance to next entry in the seek tables
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masteridx += 8
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transidx += 8
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def gettext(self, message):
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return self._catalog.get(message, message)
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def ugettext(self, message):
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tmsg = self._catalog.get(message, message)
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return unicode(tmsg, self._charset)
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# Locate a .mo file using the gettext strategy
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def find(domain, localedir=None, languages=None):
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# Get some reasonable defaults for arguments that were not supplied
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if localedir is None:
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localedir = _default_localedir
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if languages is None:
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languages = []
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for envar in ('LANGUAGE', 'LC_ALL', 'LC_MESSAGES', 'LANG'):
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val = os.environ.get(envar)
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if val:
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languages = val.split(':')
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break
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if 'C' not in languages:
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languages.append('C')
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# now normalize and expand the languages
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nelangs = []
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for lang in languages:
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for nelang in _expand_lang(lang):
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if nelang not in nelangs:
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nelangs.append(nelang)
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# select a language
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for lang in nelangs:
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if lang == 'C':
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break
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mofile = os.path.join(localedir, lang, 'LC_MESSAGES', '%s.mo' % domain)
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if os.path.exists(mofile):
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return mofile
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return None
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# a mapping between absolute .mo file path and Translation object
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_translations = {}
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def translation(domain, localedir=None, languages=None, class_=None):
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if class_ is None:
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class_ = GNUTranslations
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mofile = find(domain, localedir, languages)
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if mofile is None:
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raise IOError(ENOENT, 'No translation file found for domain', domain)
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key = os.path.abspath(mofile)
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# TBD: do we need to worry about the file pointer getting collected?
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# Avoid opening, reading, and parsing the .mo file after it's been done
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# once.
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t = _translations.get(key)
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if t is None:
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t = _translations.setdefault(key, class_(open(mofile, 'rb')))
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return t
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def install(domain, localedir=None, unicode=0):
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translation(domain, localedir).install(unicode)
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# a mapping b/w domains and locale directories
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_localedirs = {}
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# current global domain, `messages' used for compatibility w/ GNU gettext
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_current_domain = 'messages'
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def textdomain(domain=None):
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global _current_domain
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if domain is not None:
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_current_domain = domain
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return _current_domain
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def bindtextdomain(domain, localedir=None):
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global _localedirs
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if localedir is not None:
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_localedirs[domain] = localedir
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return _localedirs.get(domain, _default_localedir)
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def dgettext(domain, message):
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try:
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t = translation(domain, _localedirs.get(domain, None))
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except IOError:
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return message
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return t.gettext(message)
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def gettext(message):
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return dgettext(_current_domain, message)
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# dcgettext() has been deemed unnecessary and is not implemented.
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# James Henstridge's Catalog constructor from GNOME gettext. Documented usage
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# was:
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#
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# import gettext
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# cat = gettext.Catalog(PACKAGE, localedir=LOCALEDIR)
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# _ = cat.gettext
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# print _('Hello World')
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# The resulting catalog object currently don't support access through a
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# dictionary API, which was supported (but apparently unused) in GNOME
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# gettext.
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Catalog = translation
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