632 lines
20 KiB
Python
632 lines
20 KiB
Python
"""Parse (absolute and relative) URLs.
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See RFC 1808: "Relative Uniform Resource Locators", by R. Fielding,
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UC Irvine, June 1995.
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"""
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import sys
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__all__ = ["urlparse", "urlunparse", "urljoin", "urldefrag",
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"urlsplit", "urlunsplit"]
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# A classification of schemes ('' means apply by default)
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uses_relative = ['ftp', 'http', 'gopher', 'nntp', 'imap',
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'wais', 'file', 'https', 'shttp', 'mms',
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'prospero', 'rtsp', 'rtspu', '', 'sftp']
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uses_netloc = ['ftp', 'http', 'gopher', 'nntp', 'telnet',
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'imap', 'wais', 'file', 'mms', 'https', 'shttp',
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'snews', 'prospero', 'rtsp', 'rtspu', 'rsync', '',
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'svn', 'svn+ssh', 'sftp']
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non_hierarchical = ['gopher', 'hdl', 'mailto', 'news',
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'telnet', 'wais', 'imap', 'snews', 'sip', 'sips']
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uses_params = ['ftp', 'hdl', 'prospero', 'http', 'imap',
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'https', 'shttp', 'rtsp', 'rtspu', 'sip', 'sips',
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'mms', '', 'sftp']
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uses_query = ['http', 'wais', 'imap', 'https', 'shttp', 'mms',
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'gopher', 'rtsp', 'rtspu', 'sip', 'sips', '']
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uses_fragment = ['ftp', 'hdl', 'http', 'gopher', 'news',
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'nntp', 'wais', 'https', 'shttp', 'snews',
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'file', 'prospero', '']
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# Characters valid in scheme names
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scheme_chars = ('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
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'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
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'0123456789'
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'+-.')
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MAX_CACHE_SIZE = 20
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_parse_cache = {}
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def clear_cache():
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"""Clear the parse cache."""
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_parse_cache.clear()
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class ResultMixin(object):
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"""Shared methods for the parsed result objects."""
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@property
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def username(self):
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netloc = self.netloc
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if "@" in netloc:
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userinfo = netloc.rsplit("@", 1)[0]
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if ":" in userinfo:
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userinfo = userinfo.split(":", 1)[0]
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return userinfo
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return None
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@property
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def password(self):
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netloc = self.netloc
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if "@" in netloc:
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userinfo = netloc.rsplit("@", 1)[0]
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if ":" in userinfo:
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return userinfo.split(":", 1)[1]
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return None
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@property
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def hostname(self):
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netloc = self.netloc
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if "@" in netloc:
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netloc = netloc.rsplit("@", 1)[1]
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if ":" in netloc:
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netloc = netloc.split(":", 1)[0]
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return netloc.lower() or None
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@property
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def port(self):
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netloc = self.netloc
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if "@" in netloc:
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netloc = netloc.rsplit("@", 1)[1]
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if ":" in netloc:
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port = netloc.split(":", 1)[1]
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return int(port, 10)
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return None
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from collections import namedtuple
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class SplitResult(namedtuple('SplitResult', 'scheme netloc path query fragment'), ResultMixin):
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__slots__ = ()
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def geturl(self):
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return urlunsplit(self)
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class ParseResult(namedtuple('ParseResult', 'scheme netloc path params query fragment'), ResultMixin):
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__slots__ = ()
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def geturl(self):
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return urlunparse(self)
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def urlparse(url, scheme='', allow_fragments=True):
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"""Parse a URL into 6 components:
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<scheme>://<netloc>/<path>;<params>?<query>#<fragment>
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Return a 6-tuple: (scheme, netloc, path, params, query, fragment).
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Note that we don't break the components up in smaller bits
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(e.g. netloc is a single string) and we don't expand % escapes."""
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tuple = urlsplit(url, scheme, allow_fragments)
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scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment = tuple
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if scheme in uses_params and ';' in url:
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url, params = _splitparams(url)
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else:
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params = ''
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return ParseResult(scheme, netloc, url, params, query, fragment)
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def _splitparams(url):
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if '/' in url:
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i = url.find(';', url.rfind('/'))
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if i < 0:
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return url, ''
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else:
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i = url.find(';')
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return url[:i], url[i+1:]
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def _splitnetloc(url, start=0):
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delim = len(url) # position of end of domain part of url, default is end
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for c in '/?#': # look for delimiters; the order is NOT important
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wdelim = url.find(c, start) # find first of this delim
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if wdelim >= 0: # if found
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delim = min(delim, wdelim) # use earliest delim position
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return url[start:delim], url[delim:] # return (domain, rest)
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def urlsplit(url, scheme='', allow_fragments=True):
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"""Parse a URL into 5 components:
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<scheme>://<netloc>/<path>?<query>#<fragment>
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Return a 5-tuple: (scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment).
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Note that we don't break the components up in smaller bits
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(e.g. netloc is a single string) and we don't expand % escapes."""
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allow_fragments = bool(allow_fragments)
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key = url, scheme, allow_fragments, type(url), type(scheme)
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cached = _parse_cache.get(key, None)
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if cached:
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return cached
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if len(_parse_cache) >= MAX_CACHE_SIZE: # avoid runaway growth
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clear_cache()
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netloc = query = fragment = ''
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i = url.find(':')
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if i > 0:
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if url[:i] == 'http': # optimize the common case
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scheme = url[:i].lower()
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url = url[i+1:]
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if url[:2] == '//':
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netloc, url = _splitnetloc(url, 2)
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if allow_fragments and '#' in url:
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url, fragment = url.split('#', 1)
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if '?' in url:
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url, query = url.split('?', 1)
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v = SplitResult(scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment)
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_parse_cache[key] = v
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return v
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for c in url[:i]:
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if c not in scheme_chars:
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break
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else:
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scheme, url = url[:i].lower(), url[i+1:]
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if scheme in uses_netloc and url[:2] == '//':
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netloc, url = _splitnetloc(url, 2)
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if allow_fragments and scheme in uses_fragment and '#' in url:
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url, fragment = url.split('#', 1)
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if scheme in uses_query and '?' in url:
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url, query = url.split('?', 1)
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v = SplitResult(scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment)
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_parse_cache[key] = v
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return v
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def urlunparse(components):
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"""Put a parsed URL back together again. This may result in a
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slightly different, but equivalent URL, if the URL that was parsed
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originally had redundant delimiters, e.g. a ? with an empty query
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(the draft states that these are equivalent)."""
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scheme, netloc, url, params, query, fragment = components
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if params:
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url = "%s;%s" % (url, params)
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return urlunsplit((scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment))
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def urlunsplit(components):
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scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment = components
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if netloc or (scheme and scheme in uses_netloc and url[:2] != '//'):
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if url and url[:1] != '/': url = '/' + url
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url = '//' + (netloc or '') + url
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if scheme:
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url = scheme + ':' + url
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if query:
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url = url + '?' + query
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if fragment:
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url = url + '#' + fragment
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return url
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def urljoin(base, url, allow_fragments=True):
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"""Join a base URL and a possibly relative URL to form an absolute
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interpretation of the latter."""
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if not base:
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return url
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if not url:
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return base
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bscheme, bnetloc, bpath, bparams, bquery, bfragment = \
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urlparse(base, '', allow_fragments)
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scheme, netloc, path, params, query, fragment = \
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urlparse(url, bscheme, allow_fragments)
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if scheme != bscheme or scheme not in uses_relative:
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return url
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if scheme in uses_netloc:
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if netloc:
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return urlunparse((scheme, netloc, path,
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params, query, fragment))
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netloc = bnetloc
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if path[:1] == '/':
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return urlunparse((scheme, netloc, path,
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params, query, fragment))
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if not (path or params or query):
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return urlunparse((scheme, netloc, bpath,
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bparams, bquery, fragment))
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segments = bpath.split('/')[:-1] + path.split('/')
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# XXX The stuff below is bogus in various ways...
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if segments[-1] == '.':
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segments[-1] = ''
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while '.' in segments:
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segments.remove('.')
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while 1:
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i = 1
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n = len(segments) - 1
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while i < n:
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if (segments[i] == '..'
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and segments[i-1] not in ('', '..')):
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del segments[i-1:i+1]
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break
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i = i+1
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else:
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break
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if segments == ['', '..']:
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segments[-1] = ''
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elif len(segments) >= 2 and segments[-1] == '..':
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segments[-2:] = ['']
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return urlunparse((scheme, netloc, '/'.join(segments),
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params, query, fragment))
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def urldefrag(url):
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"""Removes any existing fragment from URL.
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Returns a tuple of the defragmented URL and the fragment. If
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the URL contained no fragments, the second element is the
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empty string.
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"""
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if '#' in url:
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s, n, p, a, q, frag = urlparse(url)
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defrag = urlunparse((s, n, p, a, q, ''))
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return defrag, frag
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else:
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return url, ''
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_hextochr = dict(('%02x' % i, chr(i)) for i in range(256))
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_hextochr.update(('%02X' % i, chr(i)) for i in range(256))
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def unquote(s):
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"""unquote('abc%20def') -> 'abc def'."""
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res = s.split('%')
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for i in range(1, len(res)):
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item = res[i]
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try:
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res[i] = _hextochr[item[:2]] + item[2:]
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except KeyError:
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res[i] = '%' + item
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except UnicodeDecodeError:
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res[i] = chr(int(item[:2], 16)) + item[2:]
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return "".join(res)
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def unquote_plus(s):
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"""unquote('%7e/abc+def') -> '~/abc def'"""
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s = s.replace('+', ' ')
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return unquote(s)
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always_safe = ('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
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'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
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'0123456789' '_.-')
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_safe_quoters= {}
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class Quoter:
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def __init__(self, safe):
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self.cache = {}
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self.safe = safe + always_safe
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def __call__(self, c):
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try:
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return self.cache[c]
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except KeyError:
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if ord(c) < 256:
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res = (c in self.safe) and c or ('%%%02X' % ord(c))
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self.cache[c] = res
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return res
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else:
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return "".join(['%%%02X' % i for i in c.encode("utf-8")])
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def quote(s, safe = '/'):
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"""quote('abc def') -> 'abc%20def'
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Each part of a URL, e.g. the path info, the query, etc., has a
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different set of reserved characters that must be quoted.
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RFC 2396 Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax lists
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the following reserved characters.
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reserved = ";" | "/" | "?" | ":" | "@" | "&" | "=" | "+" |
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"$" | ","
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Each of these characters is reserved in some component of a URL,
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but not necessarily in all of them.
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By default, the quote function is intended for quoting the path
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section of a URL. Thus, it will not encode '/'. This character
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is reserved, but in typical usage the quote function is being
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called on a path where the existing slash characters are used as
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reserved characters.
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"""
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cachekey = (safe, always_safe)
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try:
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quoter = _safe_quoters[cachekey]
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except KeyError:
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quoter = Quoter(safe)
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_safe_quoters[cachekey] = quoter
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res = map(quoter, s)
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return ''.join(res)
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def quote_plus(s, safe = ''):
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"""Quote the query fragment of a URL; replacing ' ' with '+'"""
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if ' ' in s:
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s = quote(s, safe + ' ')
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return s.replace(' ', '+')
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return quote(s, safe)
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def urlencode(query,doseq=0):
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"""Encode a sequence of two-element tuples or dictionary into a URL query string.
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If any values in the query arg are sequences and doseq is true, each
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sequence element is converted to a separate parameter.
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If the query arg is a sequence of two-element tuples, the order of the
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parameters in the output will match the order of parameters in the
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input.
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"""
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if hasattr(query,"items"):
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# mapping objects
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query = query.items()
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else:
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# it's a bother at times that strings and string-like objects are
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# sequences...
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try:
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# non-sequence items should not work with len()
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# non-empty strings will fail this
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if len(query) and not isinstance(query[0], tuple):
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raise TypeError
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# zero-length sequences of all types will get here and succeed,
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# but that's a minor nit - since the original implementation
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# allowed empty dicts that type of behavior probably should be
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# preserved for consistency
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except TypeError:
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ty,va,tb = sys.exc_info()
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raise TypeError("not a valid non-string sequence or mapping object").with_traceback(tb)
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l = []
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if not doseq:
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# preserve old behavior
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for k, v in query:
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k = quote_plus(str(k))
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v = quote_plus(str(v))
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l.append(k + '=' + v)
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else:
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for k, v in query:
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k = quote_plus(str(k))
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if isinstance(v, str):
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v = quote_plus(v)
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l.append(k + '=' + v)
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elif isinstance(v, str):
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# is there a reasonable way to convert to ASCII?
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# encode generates a string, but "replace" or "ignore"
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# lose information and "strict" can raise UnicodeError
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v = quote_plus(v.encode("ASCII","replace"))
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l.append(k + '=' + v)
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else:
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try:
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# is this a sufficient test for sequence-ness?
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x = len(v)
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except TypeError:
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# not a sequence
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v = quote_plus(str(v))
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l.append(k + '=' + v)
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else:
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# loop over the sequence
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for elt in v:
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l.append(k + '=' + quote_plus(str(elt)))
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return '&'.join(l)
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# Utilities to parse URLs (most of these return None for missing parts):
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# unwrap('<URL:type://host/path>') --> 'type://host/path'
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# splittype('type:opaquestring') --> 'type', 'opaquestring'
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# splithost('//host[:port]/path') --> 'host[:port]', '/path'
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# splituser('user[:passwd]@host[:port]') --> 'user[:passwd]', 'host[:port]'
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# splitpasswd('user:passwd') -> 'user', 'passwd'
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# splitport('host:port') --> 'host', 'port'
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# splitquery('/path?query') --> '/path', 'query'
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# splittag('/path#tag') --> '/path', 'tag'
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# splitattr('/path;attr1=value1;attr2=value2;...') ->
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# '/path', ['attr1=value1', 'attr2=value2', ...]
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# splitvalue('attr=value') --> 'attr', 'value'
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# urllib.parse.unquote('abc%20def') -> 'abc def'
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# quote('abc def') -> 'abc%20def')
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def to_bytes(url):
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"""to_bytes(u"URL") --> 'URL'."""
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# Most URL schemes require ASCII. If that changes, the conversion
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# can be relaxed.
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# XXX get rid of to_bytes()
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if isinstance(url, str):
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try:
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url = url.encode("ASCII").decode()
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except UnicodeError:
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raise UnicodeError("URL " + repr(url) +
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" contains non-ASCII characters")
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return url
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def unwrap(url):
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"""unwrap('<URL:type://host/path>') --> 'type://host/path'."""
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url = str(url).strip()
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if url[:1] == '<' and url[-1:] == '>':
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url = url[1:-1].strip()
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if url[:4] == 'URL:': url = url[4:].strip()
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return url
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_typeprog = None
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def splittype(url):
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"""splittype('type:opaquestring') --> 'type', 'opaquestring'."""
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global _typeprog
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if _typeprog is None:
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import re
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_typeprog = re.compile('^([^/:]+):')
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match = _typeprog.match(url)
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if match:
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scheme = match.group(1)
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return scheme.lower(), url[len(scheme) + 1:]
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return None, url
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_hostprog = None
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def splithost(url):
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"""splithost('//host[:port]/path') --> 'host[:port]', '/path'."""
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global _hostprog
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if _hostprog is None:
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import re
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_hostprog = re.compile('^//([^/?]*)(.*)$')
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match = _hostprog.match(url)
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if match: return match.group(1, 2)
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return None, url
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_userprog = None
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def splituser(host):
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"""splituser('user[:passwd]@host[:port]') --> 'user[:passwd]', 'host[:port]'."""
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global _userprog
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if _userprog is None:
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import re
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_userprog = re.compile('^(.*)@(.*)$')
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match = _userprog.match(host)
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if match: return map(unquote, match.group(1, 2))
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return None, host
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_passwdprog = None
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def splitpasswd(user):
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"""splitpasswd('user:passwd') -> 'user', 'passwd'."""
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global _passwdprog
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if _passwdprog is None:
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import re
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_passwdprog = re.compile('^([^:]*):(.*)$')
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match = _passwdprog.match(user)
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if match: return match.group(1, 2)
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return user, None
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# splittag('/path#tag') --> '/path', 'tag'
|
|
_portprog = None
|
|
def splitport(host):
|
|
"""splitport('host:port') --> 'host', 'port'."""
|
|
global _portprog
|
|
if _portprog is None:
|
|
import re
|
|
_portprog = re.compile('^(.*):([0-9]+)$')
|
|
|
|
match = _portprog.match(host)
|
|
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
|
|
return host, None
|
|
|
|
_nportprog = None
|
|
def splitnport(host, defport=-1):
|
|
"""Split host and port, returning numeric port.
|
|
Return given default port if no ':' found; defaults to -1.
|
|
Return numerical port if a valid number are found after ':'.
|
|
Return None if ':' but not a valid number."""
|
|
global _nportprog
|
|
if _nportprog is None:
|
|
import re
|
|
_nportprog = re.compile('^(.*):(.*)$')
|
|
|
|
match = _nportprog.match(host)
|
|
if match:
|
|
host, port = match.group(1, 2)
|
|
try:
|
|
if not port: raise ValueError("no digits")
|
|
nport = int(port)
|
|
except ValueError:
|
|
nport = None
|
|
return host, nport
|
|
return host, defport
|
|
|
|
_queryprog = None
|
|
def splitquery(url):
|
|
"""splitquery('/path?query') --> '/path', 'query'."""
|
|
global _queryprog
|
|
if _queryprog is None:
|
|
import re
|
|
_queryprog = re.compile('^(.*)\?([^?]*)$')
|
|
|
|
match = _queryprog.match(url)
|
|
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
|
|
return url, None
|
|
|
|
_tagprog = None
|
|
def splittag(url):
|
|
"""splittag('/path#tag') --> '/path', 'tag'."""
|
|
global _tagprog
|
|
if _tagprog is None:
|
|
import re
|
|
_tagprog = re.compile('^(.*)#([^#]*)$')
|
|
|
|
match = _tagprog.match(url)
|
|
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
|
|
return url, None
|
|
|
|
def splitattr(url):
|
|
"""splitattr('/path;attr1=value1;attr2=value2;...') ->
|
|
'/path', ['attr1=value1', 'attr2=value2', ...]."""
|
|
words = url.split(';')
|
|
return words[0], words[1:]
|
|
|
|
_valueprog = None
|
|
def splitvalue(attr):
|
|
"""splitvalue('attr=value') --> 'attr', 'value'."""
|
|
global _valueprog
|
|
if _valueprog is None:
|
|
import re
|
|
_valueprog = re.compile('^([^=]*)=(.*)$')
|
|
|
|
match = _valueprog.match(attr)
|
|
if match: return match.group(1, 2)
|
|
return attr, None
|
|
|
|
test_input = """
|
|
http://a/b/c/d
|
|
|
|
g:h = <URL:g:h>
|
|
http:g = <URL:http://a/b/c/g>
|
|
http: = <URL:http://a/b/c/d>
|
|
g = <URL:http://a/b/c/g>
|
|
./g = <URL:http://a/b/c/g>
|
|
g/ = <URL:http://a/b/c/g/>
|
|
/g = <URL:http://a/g>
|
|
//g = <URL:http://g>
|
|
?y = <URL:http://a/b/c/d?y>
|
|
g?y = <URL:http://a/b/c/g?y>
|
|
g?y/./x = <URL:http://a/b/c/g?y/./x>
|
|
. = <URL:http://a/b/c/>
|
|
./ = <URL:http://a/b/c/>
|
|
.. = <URL:http://a/b/>
|
|
../ = <URL:http://a/b/>
|
|
../g = <URL:http://a/b/g>
|
|
../.. = <URL:http://a/>
|
|
../../g = <URL:http://a/g>
|
|
../../../g = <URL:http://a/../g>
|
|
./../g = <URL:http://a/b/g>
|
|
./g/. = <URL:http://a/b/c/g/>
|
|
/./g = <URL:http://a/./g>
|
|
g/./h = <URL:http://a/b/c/g/h>
|
|
g/../h = <URL:http://a/b/c/h>
|
|
http:g = <URL:http://a/b/c/g>
|
|
http: = <URL:http://a/b/c/d>
|
|
http:?y = <URL:http://a/b/c/d?y>
|
|
http:g?y = <URL:http://a/b/c/g?y>
|
|
http:g?y/./x = <URL:http://a/b/c/g?y/./x>
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def test():
|
|
base = ''
|
|
if sys.argv[1:]:
|
|
fn = sys.argv[1]
|
|
if fn == '-':
|
|
fp = sys.stdin
|
|
else:
|
|
fp = open(fn)
|
|
else:
|
|
from io import StringIO
|
|
fp = StringIO(test_input)
|
|
for line in fp:
|
|
words = line.split()
|
|
if not words:
|
|
continue
|
|
url = words[0]
|
|
parts = urlparse(url)
|
|
print('%-10s : %s' % (url, parts))
|
|
abs = urljoin(base, url)
|
|
if not base:
|
|
base = abs
|
|
wrapped = '<URL:%s>' % abs
|
|
print('%-10s = %s' % (url, wrapped))
|
|
if len(words) == 3 and words[1] == '=':
|
|
if wrapped != words[2]:
|
|
print('EXPECTED', words[2], '!!!!!!!!!!')
|
|
|
|
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
|
test()
|