149 lines
5.2 KiB
ReStructuredText
149 lines
5.2 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. highlightlang:: sh
|
|
|
|
.. _using-on-unix:
|
|
|
|
********************************
|
|
Using Python on Unix platforms
|
|
********************************
|
|
|
|
.. sectionauthor:: Shriphani Palakodety
|
|
|
|
|
|
Getting and installing the latest version of Python
|
|
===================================================
|
|
|
|
On Linux
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
Python comes preinstalled on most Linux distributions, and is available as a
|
|
package on all others. However there are certain features you might want to use
|
|
that are not available on your distro's package. You can easily compile the
|
|
latest version of Python from source.
|
|
|
|
In the event that Python doesn't come preinstalled and isn't in the repositories as
|
|
well, you can easily make packages for your own distro. Have a look at the
|
|
following links:
|
|
|
|
.. seealso::
|
|
|
|
http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/first.en.html
|
|
for Debian users
|
|
http://en.opensuse.org/Portal:Packaging
|
|
for OpenSuse users
|
|
http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/RPM_Guide/ch-creating-rpms.html
|
|
for Fedora users
|
|
http://www.slackbook.org/html/package-management-making-packages.html
|
|
for Slackware users
|
|
|
|
|
|
On FreeBSD and OpenBSD
|
|
----------------------
|
|
|
|
* FreeBSD users, to add the package use::
|
|
|
|
pkg_add -r python
|
|
|
|
* OpenBSD users use::
|
|
|
|
pkg_add ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.2/packages/<insert your architecture here>/python-<version>.tgz
|
|
|
|
For example i386 users get the 2.5.1 version of Python using::
|
|
|
|
pkg_add ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.2/packages/i386/python-2.5.1p2.tgz
|
|
|
|
|
|
On OpenSolaris
|
|
--------------
|
|
|
|
You can get Python from `OpenCSW <http://www.opencsw.org/>`_. Various versions
|
|
of Python are available and can be installed with e.g. ``pkgutil -i python27``.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _building-python-on-unix:
|
|
|
|
Building Python
|
|
===============
|
|
|
|
If you want to compile CPython yourself, first thing you should do is get the
|
|
`source <https://www.python.org/download/source/>`_. You can download either the
|
|
latest release's source or just grab a fresh `clone
|
|
<https://docs.python.org/devguide/setup.html#getting-the-source-code>`_. (If you want
|
|
to contribute patches, you will need a clone.)
|
|
|
|
The build process consists in the usual ::
|
|
|
|
./configure
|
|
make
|
|
make install
|
|
|
|
invocations. Configuration options and caveats for specific Unix platforms are
|
|
extensively documented in the :source:`README` file in the root of the Python
|
|
source tree.
|
|
|
|
.. warning::
|
|
|
|
``make install`` can overwrite or masquerade the :file:`python3` binary.
|
|
``make altinstall`` is therefore recommended instead of ``make install``
|
|
since it only installs :file:`{exec_prefix}/bin/python{version}`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Python-related paths and files
|
|
==============================
|
|
|
|
These are subject to difference depending on local installation conventions;
|
|
:envvar:`prefix` (``${prefix}``) and :envvar:`exec_prefix` (``${exec_prefix}``)
|
|
are installation-dependent and should be interpreted as for GNU software; they
|
|
may be the same.
|
|
|
|
For example, on most Linux systems, the default for both is :file:`/usr`.
|
|
|
|
+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
|
|
| File/directory | Meaning |
|
|
+===============================================+==========================================+
|
|
| :file:`{exec_prefix}/bin/python3` | Recommended location of the interpreter. |
|
|
+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
|
|
| :file:`{prefix}/lib/python{version}`, | Recommended locations of the directories |
|
|
| :file:`{exec_prefix}/lib/python{version}` | containing the standard modules. |
|
|
+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
|
|
| :file:`{prefix}/include/python{version}`, | Recommended locations of the directories |
|
|
| :file:`{exec_prefix}/include/python{version}` | containing the include files needed for |
|
|
| | developing Python extensions and |
|
|
| | embedding the interpreter. |
|
|
+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
|
|
|
Miscellaneous
|
|
=============
|
|
|
|
To easily use Python scripts on Unix, you need to make them executable,
|
|
e.g. with ::
|
|
|
|
$ chmod +x script
|
|
|
|
and put an appropriate Shebang line at the top of the script. A good choice is
|
|
usually ::
|
|
|
|
#!/usr/bin/env python3
|
|
|
|
which searches for the Python interpreter in the whole :envvar:`PATH`. However,
|
|
some Unices may not have the :program:`env` command, so you may need to hardcode
|
|
``/usr/bin/python3`` as the interpreter path.
|
|
|
|
To use shell commands in your Python scripts, look at the :mod:`subprocess` module.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Editors
|
|
=======
|
|
|
|
Vim and Emacs are excellent editors which support Python very well. For more
|
|
information on how to code in Python in these editors, look at:
|
|
|
|
* http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=790
|
|
* http://sourceforge.net/projects/python-mode
|
|
|
|
Geany is an excellent IDE with support for a lot of languages. For more
|
|
information, read: http://www.geany.org/
|
|
|
|
Komodo edit is another extremely good IDE. It also has support for a lot of
|
|
languages. For more information, read http://komodoide.com/.
|