115 lines
2.5 KiB
TeX
115 lines
2.5 KiB
TeX
\section{Built-in Module \sectcode{math}}
|
|
\label{module-math}
|
|
|
|
\bimodindex{math}
|
|
\renewcommand{\indexsubitem}{(in module math)}
|
|
This module is always available.
|
|
It provides access to the mathematical functions defined by the C
|
|
standard.
|
|
They are:
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{acos}{x}
|
|
Return the arc cosine of \var{x}.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{asin}{x}
|
|
Return the arc sine of \var{x}.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{atan}{x}
|
|
Return the arc tangent of \var{x}.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{atan2}{x, y}
|
|
Return \code{atan(x / y)}.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{ceil}{x}
|
|
Return the ceiling of \var{x}.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{cos}{x}
|
|
Return the cosine of \var{x}.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{cosh}{x}
|
|
Return the hyperbolic cosine of \var{x}.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{exp}{x}
|
|
Return \code{e**\var{x}}.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{fabs}{x}
|
|
Return the absolute value of the real \var{x}.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{floor}{x}
|
|
Return the floor of \var{x}.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{fmod}{x, y}
|
|
Return \code{x \% y}.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{frexp}{x}
|
|
Return the matissa and exponent for \var{x}. The mantissa is
|
|
positive.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{hypot}{x, y}
|
|
Return the Euclidean distance, \code{sqrt(x*x + y*y)}.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{ldexp}{x, i}
|
|
Return \code{\var{x} * (2**\var{i})}.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{modf}{x}
|
|
Return the fractional and integer parts of \var{x}. Both results
|
|
carry the sign of \var{x}.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{pow}{x, y}
|
|
Return \code{\var{x}**\var{y}}.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{sin}{x}
|
|
Return the sine of \var{x}.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{sinh}{x}
|
|
Return the hyperbolic sine of \var{x}.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{sqrt}{x}
|
|
Return the square root of \var{x}.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{tan}{x}
|
|
Return the tangent of \var{x}.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{tanh}{x}
|
|
Return the hyperbolic tangent of \var{x}.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
Note that \code{frexp} and \code{modf} have a different call/return
|
|
pattern than their C equivalents: they take a single argument and
|
|
return a pair of values, rather than returning their second return
|
|
value through an `output parameter' (there is no such thing in Python).
|
|
|
|
The module also defines two mathematical constants:
|
|
|
|
\begin{datadesc}{pi}
|
|
The mathematical constant \emph{pi}.
|
|
\end{datadesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{datadesc}{e}
|
|
The mathematical constant \emph{e}.
|
|
\end{datadesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{seealso}
|
|
\seemodule{cmath}{Complex number versions of many of these functions.}
|
|
\end{seealso}
|