cpython/Lib/pydoc.py

1419 lines
54 KiB
Python
Executable File

#!/usr/bin/env python
"""Generate Python documentation in HTML or text for interactive use.
In the Python interpreter, do "from pydoc import help" to provide online
help. Calling help(thing) on a Python object documents the object.
At the shell command line outside of Python:
Run "pydoc <name>" to show documentation on something. <name> may be
the name of a function, module, package, or a dotted reference to a
class or function within a module or module in a package. If the
argument contains a path segment delimiter (e.g. slash on Unix,
backslash on Windows) it is treated as the path to a Python source file.
Run "pydoc -k <keyword>" to search for a keyword in the synopsis lines
of all available modules.
Run "pydoc -p <port>" to start an HTTP server on a given port on the
local machine to generate documentation web pages.
For platforms without a command line, "pydoc -g" starts the HTTP server
and also pops up a little window for controlling it.
Run "pydoc -w <name>" to write out the HTML documentation for a module
to a file named "<name>.html".
"""
__author__ = "Ka-Ping Yee <ping@lfw.org>"
__date__ = "26 February 2001"
__version__ = "$Revision$"
__credits__ = """Guido van Rossum, for an excellent programming language.
Tommy Burnette, the original creator of manpy.
Paul Prescod, for all his work on onlinehelp.
Richard Chamberlain, for the first implementation of textdoc.
Mynd you, møøse bites Kan be pretty nasti..."""
# Note: this module is designed to deploy instantly and run under any
# version of Python from 1.5 and up. That's why it's a single file and
# some 2.0 features (like string methods) are conspicuously avoided.
import sys, imp, os, stat, re, types, inspect
from repr import Repr
from string import expandtabs, find, join, lower, split, strip, rstrip
# --------------------------------------------------------- common routines
def synopsis(filename, cache={}):
"""Get the one-line summary out of a module file."""
mtime = os.stat(filename)[stat.ST_MTIME]
lastupdate, result = cache.get(filename, (0, None))
if lastupdate < mtime:
file = open(filename)
line = file.readline()
while line[:1] == '#' or strip(line) == '':
line = file.readline()
if not line: break
if line[-2:] == '\\\n':
line = line[:-2] + file.readline()
line = strip(line)
if line[:3] == '"""':
line = line[3:]
while strip(line) == '':
line = file.readline()
if not line: break
result = strip(split(line, '"""')[0])
else: result = None
file.close()
cache[filename] = (mtime, result)
return result
def pathdirs():
"""Convert sys.path into a list of absolute, existing, unique paths."""
dirs = []
normdirs = []
for dir in sys.path:
dir = os.path.abspath(dir or '.')
normdir = os.path.normcase(dir)
if normdir not in normdirs and os.path.isdir(dir):
dirs.append(dir)
normdirs.append(normdir)
return dirs
def getdoc(object):
"""Get the doc string or comments for an object."""
result = inspect.getdoc(object)
if not result:
try: result = inspect.getcomments(object)
except: pass
return result and re.sub('^ *\n', '', rstrip(result)) or ''
def classname(object, modname):
"""Get a class name and qualify it with a module name if necessary."""
name = object.__name__
if object.__module__ != modname:
name = object.__module__ + '.' + name
return name
def isconstant(object):
"""Check if an object is of a type that probably means it's a constant."""
return type(object) in [
types.FloatType, types.IntType, types.ListType, types.LongType,
types.StringType, types.TupleType, types.TypeType,
hasattr(types, 'UnicodeType') and types.UnicodeType or 0]
def replace(text, *pairs):
"""Do a series of global replacements on a string."""
for old, new in pairs:
text = join(split(text, old), new)
return text
def cram(text, maxlen):
"""Omit part of a string if needed to make it fit in a maximum length."""
if len(text) > maxlen:
pre = max(0, (maxlen-3)/2)
post = max(0, maxlen-3-pre)
return text[:pre] + '...' + text[len(text)-post:]
return text
def stripid(text):
"""Remove the hexadecimal id from a Python object representation."""
# The behaviour of %p is implementation-dependent, so we need an example.
for pattern in [' at 0x[0-9a-f]{6,}>$', ' at [0-9A-F]{8,}>$']:
if re.search(pattern, repr(Exception)):
return re.sub(pattern, '>', text)
return text
def modulename(path):
"""Return the Python module name for a given path, or None."""
filename = os.path.basename(path)
suffixes = map(lambda (suffix, mode, kind): (len(suffix), suffix),
imp.get_suffixes())
suffixes.sort()
suffixes.reverse() # try longest suffixes first, in case they overlap
for length, suffix in suffixes:
if len(filename) > length and filename[-length:] == suffix:
return filename[:-length]
class DocImportError(Exception):
"""Class for errors while trying to import something to document it."""
def __init__(self, filename, etype, evalue):
self.filename = filename
self.etype = etype
self.evalue = evalue
if type(etype) is types.ClassType:
etype = etype.__name__
self.args = '%s: %s' % (etype, evalue)
def importfile(path):
"""Import a Python source file or compiled file given its path."""
magic = imp.get_magic()
file = open(path, 'r')
if file.read(len(magic)) == magic:
kind = imp.PY_COMPILED
else:
kind = imp.PY_SOURCE
file.close()
filename = os.path.basename(path)
name, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)
file = open(path, 'r')
try:
module = imp.load_module(name, file, path, (ext, 'r', kind))
except:
raise DocImportError(path, sys.exc_type, sys.exc_value)
file.close()
return module
def ispackage(path):
"""Guess whether a path refers to a package directory."""
if os.path.isdir(path):
init = os.path.join(path, '__init__.py')
initc = os.path.join(path, '__init__.pyc')
if os.path.isfile(init) or os.path.isfile(initc):
return 1
# ---------------------------------------------------- formatter base class
class Doc:
def document(self, object, *args):
"""Generate documentation for an object."""
args = (object,) + args
if inspect.ismodule(object): return apply(self.docmodule, args)
if inspect.isclass(object): return apply(self.docclass, args)
if inspect.isroutine(object): return apply(self.docroutine, args)
raise TypeError, "don't know how to document objects of type " + \
type(object).__name__
# -------------------------------------------- HTML documentation generator
class HTMLRepr(Repr):
"""Class for safely making an HTML representation of a Python object."""
def __init__(self):
Repr.__init__(self)
self.maxlist = self.maxtuple = self.maxdict = 10
self.maxstring = self.maxother = 50
def escape(self, text):
return replace(text, ('&', '&amp;'), ('<', '&lt;'), ('>', '&gt;'))
def repr(self, object):
result = Repr.repr(self, object)
return result
def repr1(self, x, level):
methodname = 'repr_' + join(split(type(x).__name__), '_')
if hasattr(self, methodname):
return getattr(self, methodname)(x, level)
else:
return self.escape(cram(stripid(repr(x)), self.maxother))
def repr_string(self, x, level):
test = cram(x, self.maxstring)
testrepr = repr(test)
if '\\' in test and '\\' not in replace(testrepr, (r'\\', '')):
# Backslashes are only literal in the string and are never
# needed to make any special characters, so show a raw string.
return 'r' + testrepr[0] + self.escape(test) + testrepr[0]
return re.sub(r'((\\[\\abfnrtv\'"]|\\x..|\\u....)+)',
r'<font color="#c040c0">\1</font>',
self.escape(testrepr))
def repr_instance(self, x, level):
try:
return cram(stripid(repr(x)), self.maxstring)
except:
return self.escape('<%s instance>' % x.__class__.__name__)
repr_unicode = repr_string
class HTMLDoc(Doc):
"""Formatter class for HTML documentation."""
# ------------------------------------------- HTML formatting utilities
_repr_instance = HTMLRepr()
repr = _repr_instance.repr
escape = _repr_instance.escape
def preformat(self, text):
"""Format literal preformatted text."""
text = self.escape(expandtabs(text))
return replace(text, ('\n\n', '\n \n'), ('\n\n', '\n \n'),
(' ', '&nbsp;'), ('\n', '<br>\n'))
def multicolumn(self, list, format, cols=4):
"""Format a list of items into a multi-column list."""
result = ''
rows = (len(list)+cols-1)/cols
for col in range(cols):
result = result + '<td width="%d%%" valign=top>' % (100/cols)
for i in range(rows*col, rows*col+rows):
if i < len(list):
result = result + format(list[i]) + '<br>'
result = result + '</td>'
return '<table width="100%%"><tr>%s</tr></table>' % result
def heading(self, title, fgcol, bgcol, extras=''):
"""Format a page heading."""
return """
<p><table width="100%%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0>
<tr bgcolor="%s"><td>&nbsp;</td>
<td valign=bottom><small><small><br></small></small
><font color="%s" face="helvetica"><br>&nbsp;%s</font></td
><td align=right valign=bottom
><font color="%s" face="helvetica">%s</font></td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr></table>
""" % (bgcol, fgcol, title, fgcol, extras or '&nbsp;')
def section(self, title, fgcol, bgcol, contents, width=20,
prelude='', marginalia=None, gap='&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'):
"""Format a section with a heading."""
if marginalia is None:
marginalia = '&nbsp;' * width
result = """
<p><table width="100%%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0>
<tr bgcolor="%s"><td rowspan=2>&nbsp;</td>
<td colspan=3 valign=bottom><small><small><br></small></small
><font color="%s" face="helvetica, arial">&nbsp;%s</font></td></tr>
""" % (bgcol, fgcol, title)
if prelude:
result = result + """
<tr><td bgcolor="%s">%s</td>
<td bgcolor="%s" colspan=2>%s</td></tr>
""" % (bgcol, marginalia, bgcol, prelude)
result = result + """
<tr><td bgcolor="%s">%s</td><td>%s</td>
""" % (bgcol, marginalia, gap)
result = result + '<td width="100%%">%s</td></tr></table>' % contents
return result
def bigsection(self, title, *args):
"""Format a section with a big heading."""
title = '<big><strong>%s</strong></big>' % title
return apply(self.section, (title,) + args)
def namelink(self, name, *dicts):
"""Make a link for an identifier, given name-to-URL mappings."""
for dict in dicts:
if dict.has_key(name):
return '<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (dict[name], name)
return name
def classlink(self, object, modname, *dicts):
"""Make a link for a class."""
name = object.__name__
if object.__module__ != modname:
name = object.__module__ + '.' + name
for dict in dicts:
if dict.has_key(object):
return '<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (dict[object], name)
return name
def modulelink(self, object):
"""Make a link for a module."""
return '<a href="%s.html">%s</a>' % (object.__name__, object.__name__)
def modpkglink(self, (name, path, ispackage, shadowed)):
"""Make a link for a module or package to display in an index."""
if shadowed:
return '<font color="#909090">%s</font>' % name
if path:
url = '%s.%s.html' % (path, name)
else:
url = '%s.html' % name
if ispackage:
text = '<strong>%s</strong>&nbsp;(package)' % name
else:
text = name
return '<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (url, text)
def markup(self, text, escape=None, funcs={}, classes={}, methods={}):
"""Mark up some plain text, given a context of symbols to look for.
Each context dictionary maps object names to anchor names."""
escape = escape or self.escape
results = []
here = 0
pattern = re.compile(r'\b(((http|ftp)://\S+[\w/])|'
r'(RFC[- ]?(\d+))|'
r'(self\.)?(\w+))\b')
while 1:
match = pattern.search(text, here)
if not match: break
start, end = match.span()
results.append(escape(text[here:start]))
all, url, scheme, rfc, rfcnum, selfdot, name = match.groups()
if url:
results.append('<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (url, escape(url)))
elif rfc:
url = 'http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc%s.txt' % rfcnum
results.append('<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (url, escape(rfc)))
else:
if text[end:end+1] == '(':
results.append(self.namelink(name, methods, funcs, classes))
elif selfdot:
results.append('self.<strong>%s</strong>' % name)
else:
results.append(self.namelink(name, classes))
here = end
results.append(escape(text[here:]))
return join(results, '')
# ---------------------------------------------- type-specific routines
def doctree(self, tree, modname, classes={}, parent=None):
"""Produce HTML for a class tree as given by inspect.getclasstree()."""
result = ''
for entry in tree:
if type(entry) is type(()):
c, bases = entry
result = result + '<dt><font face="helvetica, arial"><small>'
result = result + self.classlink(c, modname, classes)
if bases and bases != (parent,):
parents = []
for base in bases:
parents.append(self.classlink(base, modname, classes))
result = result + '(' + join(parents, ', ') + ')'
result = result + '\n</small></font></dt>'
elif type(entry) is type([]):
result = result + \
'<dd>\n%s</dd>\n' % self.doctree(entry, modname, classes, c)
return '<dl>\n%s</dl>\n' % result
def docmodule(self, object):
"""Produce HTML documentation for a module object."""
name = object.__name__
parts = split(name, '.')
links = []
for i in range(len(parts)-1):
links.append(
'<a href="%s.html"><font color="#ffffff">%s</font></a>' %
(join(parts[:i+1], '.'), parts[i]))
linkedname = join(links + parts[-1:], '.')
head = '<big><big><strong>%s</strong></big></big>' % linkedname
try:
path = inspect.getabsfile(object)
filelink = '<a href="file:%s">%s</a>' % (path, path)
except TypeError:
filelink = '(built-in)'
info = []
if hasattr(object, '__version__'):
version = str(object.__version__)
if version[:11] == '$' + 'Revision: ' and version[-1:] == '$':
version = strip(version[11:-1])
info.append('version %s' % self.escape(version))
if hasattr(object, '__date__'):
info.append(self.escape(str(object.__date__)))
if info:
head = head + ' (%s)' % join(info, ', ')
result = self.heading(
head, '#ffffff', '#7799ee', '<a href=".">index</a><br>' + filelink)
second = lambda list: list[1]
modules = map(second, inspect.getmembers(object, inspect.ismodule))
classes, cdict = [], {}
for key, value in inspect.getmembers(object, inspect.isclass):
if (inspect.getmodule(value) or object) is object:
classes.append(value)
cdict[key] = cdict[value] = '#' + key
funcs, fdict = [], {}
for key, value in inspect.getmembers(object, inspect.isroutine):
if inspect.isbuiltin(value) or inspect.getmodule(value) is object:
funcs.append(value)
fdict[key] = '#-' + key
if inspect.isfunction(value): fdict[value] = fdict[key]
for c in classes:
for base in c.__bases__:
key, modname = base.__name__, base.__module__
if modname != name and sys.modules.has_key(modname):
module = sys.modules[modname]
if hasattr(module, key) and getattr(module, key) is base:
if not cdict.has_key(key):
cdict[key] = cdict[base] = modname + '.html#' + key
constants = []
for key, value in inspect.getmembers(object, isconstant):
if key[:1] != '_':
constants.append((key, value))
doc = self.markup(getdoc(object), self.preformat, fdict, cdict)
doc = doc and '<tt>%s</tt>' % doc
result = result + '<p><small>%s</small></p>\n' % doc
if hasattr(object, '__path__'):
modpkgs = []
modnames = []
for file in os.listdir(object.__path__[0]):
if file[:1] != '_':
path = os.path.join(object.__path__[0], file)
modname = modulename(file)
if modname and modname not in modnames:
modpkgs.append((modname, name, 0, 0))
modnames.append(modname)
elif ispackage(path):
modpkgs.append((file, name, 1, 0))
modpkgs.sort()
contents = self.multicolumn(modpkgs, self.modpkglink)
result = result + self.bigsection(
'Package Contents', '#ffffff', '#aa55cc', contents)
elif modules:
contents = self.multicolumn(modules, self.modulelink)
result = result + self.bigsection(
'Modules', '#fffff', '#aa55cc', contents)
if classes:
contents = self.doctree(
inspect.getclasstree(classes, 1), name, cdict)
for item in classes:
contents = contents + self.document(item, fdict, cdict)
result = result + self.bigsection(
'Classes', '#ffffff', '#ee77aa', contents)
if funcs:
contents = ''
for item in funcs:
contents = contents + self.document(item, fdict, cdict)
result = result + self.bigsection(
'Functions', '#ffffff', '#eeaa77', contents)
if constants:
contents = ''
for key, value in constants:
contents = contents + ('<br><strong>%s</strong> = %s' %
(key, self.repr(value)))
result = result + self.bigsection(
'Constants', '#ffffff', '#55aa55', contents)
if hasattr(object, '__author__'):
contents = self.markup(str(object.__author__), self.preformat)
result = result + self.bigsection(
'Author', '#ffffff', '#7799ee', contents)
if hasattr(object, '__credits__'):
contents = self.markup(str(object.__credits__), self.preformat)
result = result + self.bigsection(
'Credits', '#ffffff', '#7799ee', contents)
return result
def docclass(self, object, funcs={}, classes={}):
"""Produce HTML documentation for a class object."""
name = object.__name__
bases = object.__bases__
contents = ''
methods, mdict = [], {}
for key, value in inspect.getmembers(object, inspect.ismethod):
methods.append(value)
mdict[key] = mdict[value] = '#' + name + '-' + key
for item in methods:
contents = contents + self.document(
item, funcs, classes, mdict, name)
title = '<a name="%s">class <strong>%s</strong></a>' % (name, name)
if bases:
parents = []
for base in bases:
parents.append(self.classlink(base, object.__module__, classes))
title = title + '(%s)' % join(parents, ', ')
doc = self.markup(getdoc(object), self.preformat,
funcs, classes, mdict)
if doc: doc = '<small><tt>' + doc + '</tt></small>'
return self.section(title, '#000000', '#ffc8d8', contents, 10, doc)
def formatvalue(self, object):
"""Format an argument default value as text."""
return ('<small><font color="#909090">=%s</font></small>' %
self.repr(object))
def docroutine(self, object, funcs={}, classes={}, methods={}, clname=''):
"""Produce HTML documentation for a function or method object."""
if inspect.ismethod(object): object = object.im_func
if inspect.isbuiltin(object):
decl = '<a name="%s"><strong>%s</strong>(...)</a>\n' % (
clname + '-' + object.__name__, object.__name__)
else:
args, varargs, varkw, defaults = inspect.getargspec(object)
argspec = inspect.formatargspec(
args, varargs, varkw, defaults, formatvalue=self.formatvalue)
if object.__name__ == '<lambda>':
decl = '<em>lambda</em> ' + argspec[1:-1]
else:
anchor = clname + '-' + object.__name__
decl = '<a name="%s"\n><strong>%s</strong>%s</a>\n' % (
anchor, object.__name__, argspec)
doc = self.markup(getdoc(object), self.preformat,
funcs, classes, methods)
doc = replace(doc, ('<br>\n', '</tt></small\n><dd><small><tt>'))
doc = doc and '<tt>%s</tt>' % doc
return '<dl><dt>%s<dd><small>%s</small></dl>' % (decl, doc)
def page(self, object):
"""Produce a complete HTML page of documentation for an object."""
return '''
<!doctype html public "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<html><title>Python: %s</title><body bgcolor="#ffffff">
%s
</body></html>
''' % (describe(object), self.document(object))
def index(self, dir, shadowed=None):
"""Generate an HTML index for a directory of modules."""
modpkgs = []
if shadowed is None: shadowed = {}
seen = {}
files = os.listdir(dir)
def found(name, ispackage,
modpkgs=modpkgs, shadowed=shadowed, seen=seen):
if not seen.has_key(name):
modpkgs.append((name, '', ispackage, shadowed.has_key(name)))
seen[name] = 1
shadowed[name] = 1
# Package spam/__init__.py takes precedence over module spam.py.
for file in files:
path = os.path.join(dir, file)
if ispackage(path): found(file, 1)
for file in files:
path = os.path.join(dir, file)
if file[:1] != '_' and os.path.isfile(path):
modname = modulename(file)
if modname: found(modname, 0)
modpkgs.sort()
contents = self.multicolumn(modpkgs, self.modpkglink)
return self.bigsection(dir, '#ffffff', '#ee77aa', contents)
# -------------------------------------------- text documentation generator
class TextRepr(Repr):
"""Class for safely making a text representation of a Python object."""
def __init__(self):
Repr.__init__(self)
self.maxlist = self.maxtuple = self.maxdict = 10
self.maxstring = self.maxother = 50
def repr1(self, x, level):
methodname = 'repr_' + join(split(type(x).__name__), '_')
if hasattr(self, methodname):
return getattr(self, methodname)(x, level)
else:
return cram(stripid(repr(x)), self.maxother)
def repr_string(self, x, level):
test = cram(x, self.maxstring)
testrepr = repr(test)
if '\\' in test and '\\' not in replace(testrepr, (r'\\', '')):
# Backslashes are only literal in the string and are never
# needed to make any special characters, so show a raw string.
return 'r' + testrepr[0] + test + testrepr[0]
return testrepr
def repr_instance(self, x, level):
try:
return cram(stripid(repr(x)), self.maxstring)
except:
return '<%s instance>' % x.__class__.__name__
class TextDoc(Doc):
"""Formatter class for text documentation."""
# ------------------------------------------- text formatting utilities
_repr_instance = TextRepr()
repr = _repr_instance.repr
def bold(self, text):
"""Format a string in bold by overstriking."""
return join(map(lambda ch: ch + '\b' + ch, text), '')
def indent(self, text, prefix=' '):
"""Indent text by prepending a given prefix to each line."""
if not text: return ''
lines = split(text, '\n')
lines = map(lambda line, prefix=prefix: prefix + line, lines)
if lines: lines[-1] = rstrip(lines[-1])
return join(lines, '\n')
def section(self, title, contents):
"""Format a section with a given heading."""
return self.bold(title) + '\n' + rstrip(self.indent(contents)) + '\n\n'
# ---------------------------------------------- type-specific routines
def doctree(self, tree, modname, parent=None, prefix=''):
"""Render in text a class tree as returned by inspect.getclasstree()."""
result = ''
for entry in tree:
if type(entry) is type(()):
cl, bases = entry
result = result + prefix + classname(cl, modname)
if bases and bases != (parent,):
parents = map(lambda cl, m=modname: classname(cl, m), bases)
result = result + '(%s)' % join(parents, ', ')
result = result + '\n'
elif type(entry) is type([]):
result = result + self.doctree(
entry, modname, cl, prefix + ' ')
return result
def docmodule(self, object):
"""Produce text documentation for a given module object."""
result = ''
name = object.__name__
lines = split(strip(getdoc(object)), '\n')
if len(lines) == 1:
if lines[0]: name = name + ' - ' + lines[0]
lines = []
elif len(lines) >= 2 and not rstrip(lines[1]):
if lines[0]: name = name + ' - ' + lines[0]
lines = lines[2:]
result = result + self.section('NAME', name)
try: file = inspect.getabsfile(object)
except TypeError: file = '(built-in)'
result = result + self.section('FILE', file)
if lines:
result = result + self.section('DESCRIPTION', join(lines, '\n'))
classes = []
for key, value in inspect.getmembers(object, inspect.isclass):
if (inspect.getmodule(value) or object) is object:
classes.append(value)
funcs = []
for key, value in inspect.getmembers(object, inspect.isroutine):
if inspect.isbuiltin(value) or inspect.getmodule(value) is object:
funcs.append(value)
constants = []
for key, value in inspect.getmembers(object, isconstant):
if key[:1] != '_':
constants.append((key, value))
if hasattr(object, '__path__'):
modpkgs = []
for file in os.listdir(object.__path__[0]):
if file[:1] != '_':
path = os.path.join(object.__path__[0], file)
modname = modulename(file)
if modname and modname not in modpkgs:
modpkgs.append(modname)
elif ispackage(path):
modpkgs.append(file + ' (package)')
modpkgs.sort()
result = result + self.section(
'PACKAGE CONTENTS', join(modpkgs, '\n'))
if classes:
contents = self.doctree(
inspect.getclasstree(classes, 1), object.__name__) + '\n'
for item in classes:
contents = contents + self.document(item) + '\n'
result = result + self.section('CLASSES', contents)
if funcs:
contents = ''
for item in funcs:
contents = contents + self.document(item) + '\n'
result = result + self.section('FUNCTIONS', contents)
if constants:
contents = ''
for key, value in constants:
line = key + ' = ' + self.repr(value)
chop = 70 - len(line)
line = self.bold(key) + ' = ' + self.repr(value)
if chop < 0: line = line[:chop] + '...'
contents = contents + line + '\n'
result = result + self.section('CONSTANTS', contents)
if hasattr(object, '__version__'):
version = str(object.__version__)
if version[:11] == '$' + 'Revision: ' and version[-1:] == '$':
version = strip(version[11:-1])
result = result + self.section('VERSION', version)
if hasattr(object, '__date__'):
result = result + self.section('DATE', str(object.__date__))
if hasattr(object, '__author__'):
result = result + self.section('AUTHOR', str(object.__author__))
if hasattr(object, '__credits__'):
result = result + self.section('CREDITS', str(object.__credits__))
return result
def docclass(self, object):
"""Produce text documentation for a given class object."""
name = object.__name__
bases = object.__bases__
title = 'class ' + self.bold(name)
if bases:
parents = map(lambda c, m=object.__module__: classname(c, m), bases)
title = title + '(%s)' % join(parents, ', ')
doc = getdoc(object)
contents = doc and doc + '\n'
methods = map(lambda (key, value): value,
inspect.getmembers(object, inspect.ismethod))
for item in methods:
contents = contents + '\n' + self.document(item)
if not contents: return title + '\n'
return title + '\n' + self.indent(rstrip(contents), ' | ') + '\n'
def formatvalue(self, object):
"""Format an argument default value as text."""
return '=' + self.repr(object)
def docroutine(self, object):
"""Produce text documentation for a function or method object."""
if inspect.ismethod(object): object = object.im_func
if inspect.isbuiltin(object):
decl = self.bold(object.__name__) + '(...)'
else:
args, varargs, varkw, defaults = inspect.getargspec(object)
argspec = inspect.formatargspec(
args, varargs, varkw, defaults, formatvalue=self.formatvalue)
if object.__name__ == '<lambda>':
decl = '<lambda> ' + argspec[1:-1]
else:
decl = self.bold(object.__name__) + argspec
doc = getdoc(object)
if doc:
return decl + '\n' + rstrip(self.indent(doc)) + '\n'
else:
return decl + '\n'
# --------------------------------------------------------- user interfaces
def pager(text):
"""The first time this is called, determine what kind of pager to use."""
global pager
pager = getpager()
pager(text)
def getpager():
"""Decide what method to use for paging through text."""
if type(sys.stdout) is not types.FileType:
return plainpager
if not sys.stdin.isatty() or not sys.stdout.isatty():
return plainpager
if os.environ.has_key('PAGER'):
return lambda a: pipepager(a, os.environ['PAGER'])
if sys.platform == 'win32':
return lambda a: tempfilepager(a, 'more <')
if hasattr(os, 'system') and os.system('less 2>/dev/null') == 0:
return lambda a: pipepager(a, 'less')
import tempfile
filename = tempfile.mktemp()
open(filename, 'w').close()
try:
if hasattr(os, 'system') and os.system('more %s' % filename) == 0:
return lambda text: pipepager(text, 'more')
else:
return ttypager
finally:
os.unlink(filename)
def pipepager(text, cmd):
"""Page through text by feeding it to another program."""
pipe = os.popen(cmd, 'w')
try:
pipe.write(text)
pipe.close()
except IOError:
# Ignore broken pipes caused by quitting the pager program.
pass
def tempfilepager(text, cmd):
"""Page through text by invoking a program on a temporary file."""
import tempfile
filename = tempfile.mktemp()
file = open(filename, 'w')
file.write(text)
file.close()
try:
os.system(cmd + ' ' + filename)
finally:
os.unlink(filename)
def plain(text):
"""Remove boldface formatting from text."""
return re.sub('.\b', '', text)
def ttypager(text):
"""Page through text on a text terminal."""
lines = split(plain(text), '\n')
try:
import tty
fd = sys.stdin.fileno()
old = tty.tcgetattr(fd)
tty.setcbreak(fd)
getchar = lambda: sys.stdin.read(1)
except (ImportError, AttributeError):
tty = None
getchar = lambda: sys.stdin.readline()[:-1][:1]
try:
r = inc = os.environ.get('LINES', 25) - 1
sys.stdout.write(join(lines[:inc], '\n') + '\n')
while lines[r:]:
sys.stdout.write('-- more --')
sys.stdout.flush()
c = getchar()
if c in ['q', 'Q']:
sys.stdout.write('\r \r')
break
elif c in ['\r', '\n']:
sys.stdout.write('\r \r' + lines[r] + '\n')
r = r + 1
continue
if c in ['b', 'B', '\x1b']:
r = r - inc - inc
if r < 0: r = 0
sys.stdout.write('\n' + join(lines[r:r+inc], '\n') + '\n')
r = r + inc
finally:
if tty:
tty.tcsetattr(fd, tty.TCSAFLUSH, old)
def plainpager(text):
"""Simply print unformatted text. This is the ultimate fallback."""
sys.stdout.write(plain(text))
def describe(thing):
"""Produce a short description of the given kind of thing."""
if inspect.ismodule(thing):
if thing.__name__ in sys.builtin_module_names:
return 'built-in module ' + thing.__name__
if hasattr(thing, '__path__'):
return 'package ' + thing.__name__
else:
return 'module ' + thing.__name__
if inspect.isbuiltin(thing):
return 'built-in function ' + thing.__name__
if inspect.isclass(thing):
return 'class ' + thing.__name__
if inspect.isfunction(thing):
return 'function ' + thing.__name__
if inspect.ismethod(thing):
return 'method ' + thing.__name__
return repr(thing)
def locate(path):
"""Locate an object by name (or dotted path), importing as necessary."""
if not path: # special case: imp.find_module('') strangely succeeds
return None, None
if type(path) is not types.StringType:
return None, path
parts = split(path, '.')
n = 1
while n <= len(parts):
path = join(parts[:n], '.')
try:
module = __import__(path)
module = reload(module)
except:
# determine if error occurred before or after module was found
if sys.modules.has_key(path):
filename = sys.modules[path].__file__
elif sys.exc_type is SyntaxError:
filename = sys.exc_value.filename
else:
# module not found, so stop looking
break
# error occurred in the imported module, so report it
raise DocImportError(filename, sys.exc_type, sys.exc_value)
try:
x = module
for p in parts[1:]:
x = getattr(x, p)
return join(parts[:-1], '.'), x
except AttributeError:
n = n + 1
continue
if hasattr(__builtins__, path):
return None, getattr(__builtins__, path)
return None, None
# --------------------------------------- interactive interpreter interface
text = TextDoc()
html = HTMLDoc()
def doc(thing):
"""Display documentation on an object (for interactive use)."""
if type(thing) is type(""):
try:
path, x = locate(thing)
except DocImportError, value:
print 'Problem in %s - %s' % (value.filename, value.args)
return
if x:
thing = x
else:
print 'No Python documentation found for %s.' % repr(thing)
return
desc = describe(thing)
module = inspect.getmodule(thing)
if module and module is not thing:
desc = desc + ' in module ' + module.__name__
pager('Help on %s:\n\n' % desc + text.document(thing))
def writedoc(key):
"""Write HTML documentation to a file in the current directory."""
path, object = locate(key)
if object:
file = open(key + '.html', 'w')
file.write(html.page(object))
file.close()
print 'wrote', key + '.html'
class Helper:
def __repr__(self):
return """To get help on a Python object, call help(object).
To get help on a module or package, either import it before calling
help(module) or call help('modulename')."""
def __call__(self, *args):
if args:
doc(args[0])
else:
print repr(self)
help = Helper()
def man(key):
"""Display documentation on an object in a form similar to man(1)."""
path, object = locate(key)
if object:
title = 'Python Library Documentation: ' + describe(object)
if path: title = title + ' in ' + path
pager('\n' + title + '\n\n' + text.document(object))
found = 1
else:
print 'No Python documentation found for %s.' % repr(key)
class Scanner:
"""A generic tree iterator."""
def __init__(self, roots, children, recurse):
self.roots = roots[:]
self.state = []
self.children = children
self.recurse = recurse
def next(self):
if not self.state:
if not self.roots:
return None
root = self.roots.pop(0)
self.state = [(root, self.children(root))]
node, children = self.state[-1]
if not children:
self.state.pop()
return self.next()
child = children.pop(0)
if self.recurse(child):
self.state.append((child, self.children(child)))
return child
class ModuleScanner(Scanner):
"""An interruptible scanner that searches module synopses."""
def __init__(self):
roots = map(lambda dir: (dir, ''), pathdirs())
Scanner.__init__(self, roots, self.submodules, self.ispackage)
def submodules(self, (dir, package)):
children = []
for file in os.listdir(dir):
path = os.path.join(dir, file)
if ispackage(path):
children.append((path, package + (package and '.') + file))
else:
children.append((path, package))
children.sort()
return children
def ispackage(self, (dir, package)):
return ispackage(dir)
def run(self, key, callback, completer=None):
self.quit = 0
seen = {}
for modname in sys.builtin_module_names:
if modname != '__main__':
seen[modname] = 1
desc = split(__import__(modname).__doc__ or '', '\n')[0]
if find(lower(modname + ' - ' + desc), lower(key)) >= 0:
callback(None, modname, desc)
while not self.quit:
node = self.next()
if not node: break
path, package = node
modname = modulename(path)
if os.path.isfile(path) and modname:
modname = package + (package and '.') + modname
if not seen.has_key(modname):
seen[modname] = 1
desc = synopsis(path) or ''
if find(lower(modname + ' - ' + desc), lower(key)) >= 0:
callback(path, modname, desc)
if completer: completer()
def apropos(key):
"""Print all the one-line module summaries that contain a substring."""
def callback(path, modname, desc):
if modname[-9:] == '.__init__':
modname = modname[:-9] + ' (package)'
print modname, '-', desc or '(no description)'
ModuleScanner().run(key, callback)
# --------------------------------------------------- web browser interface
def serve(port, callback=None):
import BaseHTTPServer, mimetools, select
# Patch up mimetools.Message so it doesn't break if rfc822 is reloaded.
class Message(mimetools.Message):
def __init__(self, fp, seekable=1):
Message = self.__class__
Message.__bases__[0].__bases__[0].__init__(self, fp, seekable)
self.encodingheader = self.getheader('content-transfer-encoding')
self.typeheader = self.getheader('content-type')
self.parsetype()
self.parseplist()
class DocHandler(BaseHTTPServer.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
def send_document(self, title, contents):
try:
self.send_response(200)
self.send_header('Content-Type', 'text/html')
self.end_headers()
self.wfile.write('''
<!doctype html public "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<html><title>Python: %s</title><body bgcolor="#ffffff">
%s
</body></html>''' % (title, contents))
except IOError: pass
def do_GET(self):
path = self.path
if path[-5:] == '.html': path = path[:-5]
if path[:1] == '/': path = path[1:]
if path and path != '.':
try:
p, x = locate(path)
except DocImportError, value:
self.send_document(path, html.escape(
'Problem in %s - %s' % (value.filename, value.args)))
return
if x:
self.send_document(describe(x), html.document(x))
else:
self.send_document(path,
'No Python documentation found for %s.' % repr(path))
else:
heading = html.heading(
'<big><big><strong>Python: Index of Modules</strong></big></big>',
'#ffffff', '#7799ee')
def bltinlink(name):
return '<a href="%s.html">%s</a>' % (name, name)
names = filter(lambda x: x != '__main__', sys.builtin_module_names)
contents = html.multicolumn(names, bltinlink)
indices = ['<p>' + html.bigsection(
'Built-in Modules', '#ffffff', '#ee77aa', contents)]
seen = {}
for dir in pathdirs():
indices.append(html.index(dir, seen))
contents = heading + join(indices) + """<p align=right>
<small><small><font color="#909090" face="helvetica, arial"><strong>
pydoc</strong> by Ka-Ping Yee &lt;ping@lfw.org&gt;</font></small></small>"""
self.send_document('Index of Modules', contents)
def log_message(self, *args): pass
class DocServer(BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer):
def __init__(self, port, callback):
host = (sys.platform == 'mac') and '127.0.0.1' or 'localhost'
self.address = (host, port)
self.url = 'http://%s:%d/' % (host, port)
self.callback = callback
self.base.__init__(self, self.address, self.handler)
def serve_until_quit(self):
import select
self.quit = 0
while not self.quit:
rd, wr, ex = select.select([self.socket.fileno()], [], [], 1)
if rd: self.handle_request()
def server_activate(self):
self.base.server_activate(self)
if self.callback: self.callback(self)
DocServer.base = BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer
DocServer.handler = DocHandler
DocHandler.MessageClass = Message
try:
DocServer(port, callback).serve_until_quit()
except (KeyboardInterrupt, select.error):
pass
print 'server stopped'
# ----------------------------------------------------- graphical interface
def gui():
"""Graphical interface (starts web server and pops up a control window)."""
class GUI:
def __init__(self, window, port=7464):
self.window = window
self.server = None
self.scanner = None
import Tkinter
self.server_frm = Tkinter.Frame(window)
self.title_lbl = Tkinter.Label(self.server_frm,
text='Starting server...\n ')
self.open_btn = Tkinter.Button(self.server_frm,
text='open browser', command=self.open, state='disabled')
self.quit_btn = Tkinter.Button(self.server_frm,
text='quit serving', command=self.quit, state='disabled')
self.search_frm = Tkinter.Frame(window)
self.search_lbl = Tkinter.Label(self.search_frm, text='Search for')
self.search_ent = Tkinter.Entry(self.search_frm)
self.search_ent.bind('<Return>', self.search)
self.stop_btn = Tkinter.Button(self.search_frm,
text='stop', pady=0, command=self.stop, state='disabled')
if sys.platform == 'win32':
# Trying to hide and show this button crashes under Windows.
self.stop_btn.pack(side='right')
self.window.title('pydoc')
self.window.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', self.quit)
self.title_lbl.pack(side='top', fill='x')
self.open_btn.pack(side='left', fill='x', expand=1)
self.quit_btn.pack(side='right', fill='x', expand=1)
self.server_frm.pack(side='top', fill='x')
self.search_lbl.pack(side='left')
self.search_ent.pack(side='right', fill='x', expand=1)
self.search_frm.pack(side='top', fill='x')
self.search_ent.focus_set()
font = ('helvetica', sys.platform == 'win32' and 8 or 10)
self.result_lst = Tkinter.Listbox(window, font=font, height=6)
self.result_lst.bind('<Button-1>', self.select)
self.result_lst.bind('<Double-Button-1>', self.goto)
self.result_scr = Tkinter.Scrollbar(window,
orient='vertical', command=self.result_lst.yview)
self.result_lst.config(yscrollcommand=self.result_scr.set)
self.result_frm = Tkinter.Frame(window)
self.goto_btn = Tkinter.Button(self.result_frm,
text='go to selected', command=self.goto)
self.hide_btn = Tkinter.Button(self.result_frm,
text='hide results', command=self.hide)
self.goto_btn.pack(side='left', fill='x', expand=1)
self.hide_btn.pack(side='right', fill='x', expand=1)
self.window.update()
self.minwidth = self.window.winfo_width()
self.minheight = self.window.winfo_height()
self.bigminheight = (self.server_frm.winfo_reqheight() +
self.search_frm.winfo_reqheight() +
self.result_lst.winfo_reqheight() +
self.result_frm.winfo_reqheight())
self.bigwidth, self.bigheight = self.minwidth, self.bigminheight
self.expanded = 0
self.window.wm_geometry('%dx%d' % (self.minwidth, self.minheight))
self.window.wm_minsize(self.minwidth, self.minheight)
import threading
threading.Thread(target=serve, args=(port, self.ready)).start()
def ready(self, server):
self.server = server
self.title_lbl.config(
text='Python documentation server at\n' + server.url)
self.open_btn.config(state='normal')
self.quit_btn.config(state='normal')
def open(self, event=None, url=None):
url = url or self.server.url
try:
import webbrowser
webbrowser.open(url)
except ImportError: # pre-webbrowser.py compatibility
if sys.platform == 'win32':
os.system('start "%s"' % url)
elif sys.platform == 'mac':
try:
import ic
ic.launchurl(url)
except ImportError: pass
else:
rc = os.system('netscape -remote "openURL(%s)" &' % url)
if rc: os.system('netscape "%s" &' % url)
def quit(self, event=None):
if self.server:
self.server.quit = 1
self.window.quit()
def search(self, event=None):
key = self.search_ent.get()
self.stop_btn.pack(side='right')
self.stop_btn.config(state='normal')
self.search_lbl.config(text='Searching for "%s"...' % key)
self.search_ent.forget()
self.search_lbl.pack(side='left')
self.result_lst.delete(0, 'end')
self.goto_btn.config(state='disabled')
self.expand()
import threading
if self.scanner:
self.scanner.quit = 1
self.scanner = ModuleScanner()
threading.Thread(target=self.scanner.run,
args=(key, self.update, self.done)).start()
def update(self, path, modname, desc):
if modname[-9:] == '.__init__':
modname = modname[:-9] + ' (package)'
self.result_lst.insert('end',
modname + ' - ' + (desc or '(no description)'))
def stop(self, event=None):
if self.scanner:
self.scanner.quit = 1
self.scanner = None
def done(self):
self.scanner = None
self.search_lbl.config(text='Search for')
self.search_lbl.pack(side='left')
self.search_ent.pack(side='right', fill='x', expand=1)
if sys.platform != 'win32': self.stop_btn.forget()
self.stop_btn.config(state='disabled')
def select(self, event=None):
self.goto_btn.config(state='normal')
def goto(self, event=None):
selection = self.result_lst.curselection()
if selection:
modname = split(self.result_lst.get(selection[0]))[0]
self.open(url=self.server.url + modname + '.html')
def collapse(self):
if not self.expanded: return
self.result_frm.forget()
self.result_scr.forget()
self.result_lst.forget()
self.bigwidth = self.window.winfo_width()
self.bigheight = self.window.winfo_height()
self.window.wm_geometry('%dx%d' % (self.minwidth, self.minheight))
self.window.wm_minsize(self.minwidth, self.minheight)
self.expanded = 0
def expand(self):
if self.expanded: return
self.result_frm.pack(side='bottom', fill='x')
self.result_scr.pack(side='right', fill='y')
self.result_lst.pack(side='top', fill='both', expand=1)
self.window.wm_geometry('%dx%d' % (self.bigwidth, self.bigheight))
self.window.wm_minsize(self.minwidth, self.bigminheight)
self.expanded = 1
def hide(self, event=None):
self.stop()
self.collapse()
import Tkinter
try:
gui = GUI(Tkinter.Tk())
Tkinter.mainloop()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
# -------------------------------------------------- command-line interface
def cli():
"""Command-line interface (looks at sys.argv to decide what to do)."""
import getopt
class BadUsage: pass
try:
if sys.platform in ['mac', 'win32'] and not sys.argv[1:]:
# graphical platforms with threading (and no CLI)
gui()
return
opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'gk:p:w')
writing = 0
for opt, val in opts:
if opt == '-g':
gui()
return
if opt == '-k':
apropos(val)
return
if opt == '-p':
try:
port = int(val)
except ValueError:
raise BadUsage
def ready(server):
print 'server ready at %s' % server.url
serve(port, ready)
return
if opt == '-w':
writing = 1
if not args: raise BadUsage
for arg in args:
try:
if find(arg, os.sep) >= 0 and os.path.isfile(arg):
arg = importfile(arg)
if writing: writedoc(arg)
else: man(arg)
except DocImportError, value:
print 'Problem in %s - %s' % (value.filename, value.args)
except (getopt.error, BadUsage):
cmd = sys.argv[0]
print """pydoc - the Python documentation tool
%s <name> ...
Show text documentation on something. <name> may be the name of a
function, module, or package, or a dotted reference to a class or
function within a module or module in a package. If <name> contains
a '%s', it is used as the path to a Python source file to document.
%s -k <keyword>
Search for a keyword in the synopsis lines of all available modules.
%s -p <port>
Start an HTTP server on the given port on the local machine.
%s -g
Pop up a graphical interface for serving and finding documentation.
%s -w <name> ...
Write out the HTML documentation for a module to a file in the current
directory. If <name> contains a '%s', it is treated as a filename.
""" % (cmd, os.sep, cmd, cmd, cmd, cmd, os.sep)
if __name__ == '__main__': cli()