types. The special handling for these can now be removed from save_newobj().
Add some testing for this.
Also add support for setting the 'fast' flag on the Python Pickler class,
which suppresses use of the memo.
Initialize the small integers and __builtins__ in startup.
This removes some if conditions.
Change XDECREF to DECREF for values which shouldn't be NULL.
comments everywhere that bugged me: /* Foo is inlined */ instead of
/* Inline Foo */. Somehow the "is inlined" phrase always confused me
for half a second (thinking, "No it isn't" until I added the missing
"here"). The new phrase is hopefully unambiguous.
(rev. 2.86). The other type is only disqualified from sq_repeat when
it has the CHECKTYPES flag. This means that for extension types that
only support "old-style" numeric ops, such as Zope 2's ExtensionClass,
sq_repeat still trumps nb_multiply.
currently return inconsistent results for ints and longs; in
particular: hex/oct/%u/%o/%x/%X of negative short ints, and x<<n that
either loses bits or changes sign. (No warnings for repr() of a long,
though that will also change to lose the trailing 'L' eventually.)
This introduces some warnings in the test suite; I'll take care of
those later.
example of where this changes behavior is when a new-style instance
defines '__mul__' and '__rmul__' and is multiplied by an int. Before the
change the '__rmul__' method is never called, even if the int is the
left operand.
The staticforward define was needed to support certain broken C
compilers (notably SCO ODT 3.0, perhaps early AIX as well) botched the
static keyword when it was used with a forward declaration of a static
initialized structure. Standard C allows the forward declaration with
static, and we've decided to stop catering to broken C compilers. (In
fact, we expect that the compilers are all fixed eight years later.)
I'm leaving staticforward and statichere defined in object.h as
static. This is only for backwards compatibility with C extensions
that might still use it.
XXX I haven't updated the documentation.
This fixes the problem that Barry reported on python-dev:
>>> 23000 .__class__ = bool
crashes in the deallocator. This was because int inherited tp_free
from object, which uses the default allocator.
2.2. Bugfix candidate.
PEP 285. Everything described in the PEP is here, and there is even
some documentation. I had to fix 12 unit tests; all but one of these
were printing Boolean outcomes that changed from 0/1 to False/True.
(The exception is test_unicode.py, which did a type(x) == type(y)
style comparison. I could've fixed that with a single line using
issubtype(x, type(y)), but instead chose to be explicit about those
places where a bool is expected.
Still to do: perhaps more documentation; change standard library
modules to return False/True from predicates.
int_mul(): new and vastly simpler overflow checking. Whether it's
faster or slower will likely vary across platforms, favoring boxes
with fast floating point. OTOH, we no longer have to worry about
people shipping broken LONG_BIT definitions <0.9 wink>.
Bugfix candidate.
int_repr(): we've never had a buffer big enough to hold the largest
possible result on a 64-bit box. Now that we're using snprintf instead
of sprintf, this can lead to nonsense results instead of random stack
corruption.
Both int and long multiplication are changed to be more careful in
their assumptions about when one of the arguments is a sequence: the
assumption that at least one of the arguments must be an int (or long,
respectively) is still held, but the assumption that these don't smell
like sequences is no longer true: a subtype of int or long may well
have a sequence-repeat thingie!
PEP 238. Changes:
- add a new flag variable Py_DivisionWarningFlag, declared in
pydebug.h, defined in object.c, set in main.c, and used in
{int,long,float,complex}object.c. When this flag is set, the
classic division operator issues a DeprecationWarning message.
- add a new API PyRun_SimpleStringFlags() to match
PyRun_SimpleString(). The main() function calls this so that
commands run with -c can also benefit from -Dnew.
- While I was at it, I changed the usage message in main() somewhat:
alphabetized the options, split it in *four* parts to fit in under
512 bytes (not that I still believe this is necessary -- doc strings
elsewhere are much longer), and perhaps most visibly, don't display
the full list of options on each command line error. Instead, the
full list is only displayed when -h is used, and otherwise a brief
reminder of -h is displayed. When -h is used, write to stdout so
that you can do `python -h | more'.
Notes:
- I don't want to use the -W option to control whether the classic
division warning is issued or not, because the machinery to decide
whether to display the warning or not is very expensive (it involves
calling into the warnings.py module). You can use -Werror to turn
the warnings into exceptions though.
- The -Dnew option doesn't select future division for all of the
program -- only for the __main__ module. I don't know if I'll ever
change this -- it would require changes to the .pyc file magic
number to do it right, and a more global notion of compiler flags.
- You can usefully combine -Dwarn and -Dnew: this gives the __main__
module new division, and warns about classic division everywhere
else.
- Do not compile unicodeobject, unicodectype, and unicodedata if Unicode is disabled
- check for Py_USING_UNICODE in all places that use Unicode functions
- disables unicode literals, and the builtin functions
- add the types.StringTypes list
- remove Unicode literals from most tests.
This introduces:
- A new operator // that means floor division (the kind of division
where 1/2 is 0).
- The "future division" statement ("from __future__ import division)
which changes the meaning of the / operator to implement "true
division" (where 1/2 is 0.5).
- New overloadable operators __truediv__ and __floordiv__.
- New slots in the PyNumberMethods struct for true and floor division,
new abstract APIs for them, new opcodes, and so on.
I emphasize that without the future division statement, the semantics
of / will remain unchanged until Python 3.0.
Not yet implemented are warnings (default off) when / is used with int
or long arguments.
This has been on display since 7/31 as SF patch #443474.
Flames to /dev/null.
raising an error. This was one of the two issues that the VPython
folks were particularly problematic for their students. (The other
one was integer division...) This implements (my) SF patch #440487.
i_divmod: New and simpler algorithm. Old one returned gibberish on most
boxes when the numerator was -sys.maxint-1. Oddly enough, it worked in the
release (not debug) build on Windows, because the compiler optimized away
some tricky sign manipulations that were incorrect in this case.
Makes you wonder <wink> ...
Bugfix candidate.
raise ValueError. Checked in the patch as far as it went, but also changed
all of ints, longs and floats to raise ZeroDivisionError instead when raising
0 to a negative number. This is what 754-inspired stds require, as the "true
result" is an infinity obtained from finite operands, i.e. it's a singularity.
Also changed float pow to not be so timid about using its square-and-multiply
algorithm. Note that what math.pow does is unrelated to what builtin pow
does, and will still vary by platform.
#define'd to an unreasonable value (several recent gcc systems have
misdefined it, causing bogus overflows in integer multiplication). Nuke
CHAR_BIT entirely.
Guido van Rossum
Neal Norwitz
Neil Schemenauer
Walter Dörwald
Tim Peters
Jeremy Hylton
Martin v. Löwis
Barry Warsaw
Fred Drake