In C++, it's an error to pass a string literal to a char* function
without a const_cast(). Rather than require every C++ extension
module to put a cast around string literals, fix the API to state the
const-ness.
I focused on parts of the API where people usually pass literals:
PyArg_ParseTuple() and friends, Py_BuildValue(), PyMethodDef, the type
slots, etc. Predictably, there were a large set of functions that
needed to be fixed as a result of these changes. The most pervasive
change was to make the keyword args list passed to
PyArg_ParseTupleAndKewords() to be a const char *kwlist[].
One cast was required as a result of the changes: A type object
mallocs the memory for its tp_doc slot and later frees it.
PyTypeObject says that tp_doc is const char *; but if the type was
created by type_new(), we know it is safe to cast to char *.
[ 1327110 ] wrong TypeError traceback in generator expressions
by removing the code that can stomp on the users' TypeError raised by the
iterable argument to ''.join() -- PySequence_Fast (now?) gives a perfectly
reasonable message itself. Also, a couple of tests.
PyUnicode_DecodeCharmap() the accept a unicode string as the mapping
argument which is used as a mapping table.
This code isn't used by any of the codecs yet.
about illegal code points. The codec now supports PEP 293 style error handlers.
(This is a variant of the Nik Haldimann's patch that detects truncated data)
decoding incomplete input (when the input stream is temporarily exhausted).
codecs.StreamReader now implements buffering, which enables proper
readline support for the UTF-16 decoders. codecs.StreamReader.read()
has a new argument chars which specifies the number of characters to
return. codecs.StreamReader.readline() and codecs.StreamReader.readlines()
have a new argument keepends. Trailing "\n"s will be stripped from the lines
if keepends is false. Added C APIs PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8Stateful and
PyUnicode_DecodeUTF16Stateful.
need to convert str objects from the iterable to unicode. So, if
someone set the system default encoding to something nasty enough,
the conversion process could mutate the input iterable as a side
effect, and PySequence_Fast doesn't hide that from us if the input was
a list. IOW, can't assume the size of PySequence_Fast's result is
invariant across PyUnicode_FromObject() calls.
much to reduce the size of the code, but greatly improves its clarity.
It's also quicker in what's probably the most common case (the argument
iterable is a list). Against it, if the iterable isn't a list or a tuple,
a temp tuple is materialized containing the entire input sequence, and
that's a bigger temp memory burden. Yawn.
1. u1.join([u2]) is u2
2. Be more careful about C-level int overflow.
Since PySequence_Fast() isn't needed to achieve #1, it's not used -- but
the code could sure be simpler if it were.
unicodedata.east_asian_width(). You can still implement your own
simple width() function using it like this:
def width(u):
w = 0
for c in unicodedata.normalize('NFC', u):
cwidth = unicodedata.east_asian_width(c)
if cwidth in ('W', 'F'): w += 2
else: w += 1
return w
iswide() for east asian width manipulation. (Inspired by David
Goodger, Reviewed by Martin v. Loewis)
- Move _PyUnicode_TypeRecord.flags to the end of the struct so that
no padding is added for UCS-4 builds. (Suggested by Martin v. Loewis)
and left shifts. (Thanks to Kalle Svensson for SF patch 849227.)
This addresses most of the remaining semantic changes promised by
PEP 237, except for repr() of a long, which still shows the trailing
'L'. The PEP appears to promise warnings for operations that
changed semantics compared to Python 2.3, but this is not
implemented; we've suffered through enough warnings related to
hex/oct literals and I think it's best to be silent now.
charmaptranslate_makespace() allocated more memory than required for the
next replacement but didn't remember that fact, so memory size was growing
exponentially every time a replacement string is longer that one character.
This fixes SF bug #828737.
If a length-1 Unicode string was in the freelist and it was
uninitialized or pointed to a very large (magnitude) negative number,
the check
unicode_latin1[unicode->str[0]] == unicode
could cause a segmentation violation, e.g. unicode->str[0] is 0xcbcbcbcb.
Fix this in two ways:
1. Change guard befor unicode_latin1[] to test against 256U. If I
understand correctly, the unsigned long used to store UCS4 on my
box was getting converted to a signed long to compare with the
signed constant 256.
2. Change _PyUnicode_New() to make sure the first element of str is
always initialized to zero. There are several places in the code
where the caller can exit with an error before initializing any
of str, which would leave junk in str[0].
Also, silence a compiler warning on pointer vs. int arithmetic.
Bug fix candidate.
The unicode_resize() family only returns -1 or 0 so simply checking
for != 0 is sufficient, but somewhat unclear. Many Python API
functions return < 0 on error, reserving the right to return 0 or 1 on
success. Change the call sites for consistency with these calls.
when an encoding error occurs and the callback name is unknown,
i.e. when the callback has to be called. The problem was that
the fact that the callback has already been looked up was only
recorded in a local variable in charmap_encoding_error(), because
charmap_encoding_error() got it's own copy of the errorHandler
pointer instead of a pointer to the pointer in
PyUnicode_EncodeCharmap().
* Doc - add doc for when functions were added
* UserString
* string object methods
* string module functions
'chars' is used for the last parameter everywhere.
These changes will be backported, since part of the changes
have already been made, but they were inconsistent.
error handers in the Unicode codecs: Negative
positions are treated as being relative to the end of
the input and out of bounds positions result in an
IndexError.
Also update the PEP and include an explanation of
this in the documentation for codecs.register_error.
Fixes a small bug in iconv_codecs: if the position
from the callback is negative *add* it to the size
instead of substracting it.
From SF patch #677429.
types. The special handling for these can now be removed from save_newobj().
Add some testing for this.
Also add support for setting the 'fast' flag on the Python Pickler class,
which suppresses use of the memo.
When mwh added extended slicing, strings and unicode became mappings.
Thus, dict was set which prevented an error when doing:
newstr = 'format without a percent' % string_value
This fix raises an exception again when there are no formats
and % with a string value.
'%2147483647d' % -123 segfaults. This was because an integer overflow
in a comparison caused the string resize to be skipped. After fixing
the overflow, this could call _PyString_Resize() with a negative size,
so I (1) test for that and raise MemoryError instead; (2) also added a
test for negative newsize to _PyString_Resize(), raising SystemError
as for all bad arguments.
An identical bug existed in unicodeobject.c, of course.
Will backport to 2.2.2.
Unicode strings (with arbitrary length) are allowed
as entries in the unicode.translate mapping.
Add a test case for multicharacter replacements.
(Multicharacter replacements were enabled by the
PEP 293 patch)
wrong thing for a unicode subclass when there were zero string
replacements. The example given in the SF bug report was only one way
to trigger this; replacing a string of length >= 2 that's not found is
another. The code would actually write outside allocated memory if
replacement string was longer than the search string.
(I wonder how many more of these are lurking? The unicode code base
is full of wonders.)
Bugfix candidate; this same bug is present in 2.2.1.
currently return inconsistent results for ints and longs; in
particular: hex/oct/%u/%o/%x/%X of negative short ints, and x<<n that
either loses bits or changes sign. (No warnings for repr() of a long,
though that will also change to lose the trailing 'L' eventually.)
This introduces some warnings in the test suite; I'll take care of
those later.
The staticforward define was needed to support certain broken C
compilers (notably SCO ODT 3.0, perhaps early AIX as well) botched the
static keyword when it was used with a forward declaration of a static
initialized structure. Standard C allows the forward declaration with
static, and we've decided to stop catering to broken C compilers. (In
fact, we expect that the compilers are all fixed eight years later.)
I'm leaving staticforward and statichere defined in object.h as
static. This is only for backwards compatibility with C extensions
that might still use it.
XXX I haven't updated the documentation.
[ 400998 ] experimental support for extended slicing on lists
somewhat spruced up and better tested than it was when I wrote it.
Includes docs & tests. The whatsnew section needs expanding, and arrays
should support extended slices -- later.
for 'str' and 'unicode', and can be used instead of
types.StringTypes, e.g. to test whether something is "a string":
isinstance(x, string) is True for Unicode and 8-bit strings. This
is an abstract base class and cannot be instantiated directly.
don't understand how this function works, also beefed up the docs. The
most common usage error is of this form (often spread out across gotos):
if (_PyString_Resize(&s, n) < 0) {
Py_DECREF(s);
s = NULL;
goto outtahere;
}
The error is that if _PyString_Resize runs out of memory, it automatically
decrefs the input string object s (which also deallocates it, since its
refcount must be 1 upon entry), and sets s to NULL. So if the "if"
branch ever triggers, it's an error to call Py_DECREF(s): s is already
NULL! A correct way to write the above is the simpler (and intended)
if (_PyString_Resize(&s, n) < 0)
goto outtahere;
Bugfix candidate.
This implements ideas from Marc-Andre, Martin, Guido and me on Python-Dev.
"Short" Unicode strings are encoded into a "big enough" stack buffer,
then exactly as much string space as they turn out to need is allocated
at the end. This should have speed benefits akin to Martin's "measure
once, allocate once" strategy, but without needing a distinct measuring
pass.
"Long" Unicode strings allocate as much heap space as they could possibly
need (4 x # Unicode chars), and do a realloc at the end to return the
untouched excess. Since the overallocation is likely to be substantial,
this shouldn't burden the platform realloc with unusably small excess
blocks.
Also simplified uses of the PyString_xyz functions. Also added a release-
build check that 4*size doesn't overflow a C int. Sooner or later, that's
going to happen.
http://www.python.org/sf/444708
This adds the optional argument for str.strip
to unicode.strip too and makes it possible
to call str.strip with a unicode argument
and unicode.strip with a str argument.
pointers is a signed type. Changing "allocated" to a signed int makes
undetected overflow more likely, but there was no overflow detection
before either.
Add a method zfill to str, unicode and UserString and change
Lib/string.py accordingly.
This activates the zfill version in unicodeobject.c that was
commented out and implements the same in stringobject.c. It also
adds the test for unicode support in Lib/string.py back in and
uses repr() instead() of str() (as it was before Lib/string.py 1.62)
PEP 285. Everything described in the PEP is here, and there is even
some documentation. I had to fix 12 unit tests; all but one of these
were printing Boolean outcomes that changed from 0/1 to False/True.
(The exception is test_unicode.py, which did a type(x) == type(y)
style comparison. I could've fixed that with a single line using
issubtype(x, type(y)), but instead chose to be explicit about those
places where a bool is expected.
Still to do: perhaps more documentation; change standard library
modules to return False/True from predicates.
Objects/
fileobject.c
stringobject.c
unicodeobject.c
This commit doesn't include the cleanup patches for stringobject.c and
unicodeobject.c which are shown separately in the patch manager. Those
patches will be regenerated and applied in a subsequent commit, so as
to preserve a fallback position (this commit to those files).
Fix for the UTF-8 decoder: it will now accept isolated surrogates
(previously it raised an exception which causes round-trips to
fail).
Added new tests for UTF-8 round-trip safety (we rely on UTF-8 for
marshalling Unicode objects, so we better make sure it works for
all Unicode code points, including isolated surrogates).
Bumped the PYC magic in a non-standard way -- please review. This
was needed because the old PYC format used illegal UTF-8 sequences
for isolated high surrogates which now raise an exception.
This is best reproduced by
while 1:
class U(unicode):
pass
U(u"xxxxxx")
The unicode_dealloc() code wasn't properly freeing the str and defenc
fields of the Unicode object when freeing a subtype instance. Fixed
this by a subtle refactoring that actually reduces the amount of code
slightly.
This patch implements what we have discussed on python-dev late in
September: str(obj) and unicode(obj) should behave similar, while
the old behaviour is retained for unicode(obj, encoding, errors).
The patch also adds a new feature with which objects can provide
unicode(obj) with input data: the __unicode__ method. Currently no
new tp_unicode slot is implemented; this is left as option for the
future.
Note that PyUnicode_FromEncodedObject() no longer accepts Unicode
objects as input. The API name already suggests that Unicode
objects do not belong in the list of acceptable objects and the
functionality was only needed because
PyUnicode_FromEncodedObject() was being used directly by
unicode(). The latter was changed in the discussed way:
* unicode(obj) calls PyObject_Unicode()
* unicode(obj, encoding, errors) calls PyUnicode_FromEncodedObject()
One thing left open to discussion is whether to leave the
PyUnicode_FromObject() API as a thin API extension on top of
PyUnicode_FromEncodedObject() or to turn it into a (macro) alias
for PyObject_Unicode() and deprecate it. Doing so would have some
surprising consequences though, e.g. u"abc" + 123 would turn out
as u"abc123"...
[Marc-Andre didn't have time to check this in before the deadline. I
hope this is OK, Marc-Andre! You can still make changes and commit
them on the trunk after the branch has been made, but then please mail
Barry a context diff if you want the change to be merged into the
2.2b1 release branch. GvR]
many types were subclassable but had a xxx_dealloc function that
called PyObject_DEL(self) directly instead of deferring to
self->ob_type->tp_free(self). It is permissible to set tp_free in the
type object directly to _PyObject_Del, for non-GC types, or to
_PyObject_GC_Del, for GC types. Still, PyObject_DEL was a tad faster,
so I'm fearing that our pystone rating is going down again. I'm not
sure if doing something like
void xxx_dealloc(PyObject *self)
{
if (PyXxxCheckExact(self))
PyObject_DEL(self);
else
self->ob_type->tp_free(self);
}
is any faster than always calling the else branch, so I haven't
attempted that -- however those types whose own dealloc is fancier
(int, float, unicode) do use this pattern.
elements which are not Unicode objects or strings. (This matches
the string.join() behaviour.)
Fix a memory leak in the .join() method which occurs in case
the Unicode resize fails.
Restore the test_unicode output.
+ These were leaving the hash fields at 0, which all string and unicode
routines believe is a legitimate hash code. As a result, hash() applied
to str and unicode subclass instances always returned 0, which in turn
confused dict operations, etc.
+ Changed local names "new"; no point to antagonizing C++ compilers.
Removed all instances of Py_UCS2 from the codebase, and so also (I hope)
the last remaining reliance on the platform having an integral type
with exactly 16 bits.
PyUnicode_DecodeUTF16() and PyUnicode_EncodeUTF16() now read and write
one byte at a time.
And remove all the extern decls in the middle of .c files.
Apparently, it was excluded from the header file because it is
intended for internal use by the interpreter. It's still intended for
internal use and documented as such in the header file.
#caused warnings with the VMS C compiler. (SF bug #442998, in part.)
On a narrow system the current code should never be executed since ch
will always be < 0x10000.
Marc-Andre: you may end up fixing this a different way, since I
believe you have plans to generate \U for surrogate pairs. I'll leave
that to you.
Implement sys.maxunicode.
Explicitly wrap around upper/lower computations for wide Py_UNICODE.
When decoding large characters with UTF-8, represent expected test
results using the \U notation.
Add configure option --enable-unicode.
Add config.h macros Py_USING_UNICODE, PY_UNICODE_TYPE, Py_UNICODE_SIZE,
SIZEOF_WCHAR_T.
Define Py_UCS2.
Encode and decode large UTF-8 characters into single Py_UNICODE values
for wide Unicode types; likewise for UTF-16.
Remove test whether sizeof Py_UNICODE is two.
unicodeobject.h, which forces sizeof(Py_UNICODE) == sizeof(Py_UCS4).
(this may be good enough for platforms that doesn't have a 16-bit
type. the UTF-16 codecs don't work, though)
UTF-16 codec will now interpret and remove a *leading* BOM mark. Sub-
sequent BOM characters are no longer interpreted and removed.
UTF-16-LE and -BE pass through all BOM mark characters.
These changes should get the UTF-16 codec more in line with what
the Unicode FAQ recommends w/r to BOM marks.
Martin v. Löwis
Hye-Shik Chang
Jeremy Hylton
Walter Dörwald
Andrew M. Kuchling
Fred Drake
Michael W. Hudson
Marc-André Lemburg
Skip Montanaro
Thomas Heller
Tim Peters
Nicholas Bastin
Guido van Rossum
Raymond Hettinger
Mark Hammond
Neal Norwitz
Neil Schemenauer
Barry Warsaw
Andrew MacIntyre
Fredrik Lundh