bpo-31822: Document that urllib.parse.{Defrag,Split,Parse}Result are namedtuples (GH-4434)

(cherry picked from commit 13c1f72cd1)

Co-authored-by: Lisa Roach <lisaroach14@gmail.com>

Doc/library/urllib.parse.rst

@@ -39,8 +39,9 @@ or on combining URL components into a URL string.
 
 .. function:: urlparse(urlstring, scheme='', allow_fragments=True)
 
-   Parse a URL into six components, returning a 6-tuple.  This corresponds to the
-   general structure of a URL: ``scheme://netloc/path;parameters?query#fragment``.
+   Parse a URL into six components, returning a 6-item :term:`named tuple`.  This
+   corresponds to the general structure of a URL:
+   ``scheme://netloc/path;parameters?query#fragment``.
    Each tuple item is a string, possibly empty. The components are not broken up in
    smaller parts (for example, the network location is a single string), and %
    escapes are not expanded. The delimiters as shown above are not part of the
@@ -88,8 +89,8 @@ or on combining URL components into a URL string.
    or query component, and :attr:`fragment` is set to the empty string in
    the return value.
 
-   The return value is actually an instance of a subclass of :class:`tuple`.  This
-   class has the following additional read-only convenience attributes:
+   The return value is a :term:`named tuple`, which means that its items can
+   be accessed by index or as named attributes, which are:
 
    +------------------+-------+--------------------------+----------------------+
    | Attribute        | Index | Value                    | Value if not present |
@@ -129,6 +130,24 @@ or on combining URL components into a URL string.
    ``#``, ``@``, or ``:`` will raise a :exc:`ValueError`. If the URL is
    decomposed before parsing, no error will be raised.
 
+   As is the case with all named tuples, the subclass has a few additional methods
+   and attributes that are particularly useful. One such method is :meth:`_replace`.
+   The :meth:`_replace` method will return a new ParseResult object replacing specified
+   fields with new values.
+
+   .. doctest::
+      :options: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
+
+       >>> from urllib.parse import urlparse
+       >>> u = urlparse('//www.cwi.nl:80/%7Eguido/Python.html')
+       >>> u
+       ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='www.cwi.nl:80', path='/%7Eguido/Python.html',
+                   params='', query='', fragment='')
+       >>> u._replace(scheme='http')
+       ParseResult(scheme='http', netloc='www.cwi.nl:80', path='/%7Eguido/Python.html',
+                   params='', query='', fragment='')
+
+
    .. versionchanged:: 3.2
       Added IPv6 URL parsing capabilities.
 
@@ -230,11 +249,13 @@ or on combining URL components into a URL string.
    This should generally be used instead of :func:`urlparse` if the more recent URL
    syntax allowing parameters to be applied to each segment of the *path* portion
    of the URL (see :rfc:`2396`) is wanted.  A separate function is needed to
-   separate the path segments and parameters.  This function returns a 5-tuple:
-   (addressing scheme, network location, path, query, fragment identifier).
+   separate the path segments and parameters.  This function returns a 5-item
+   :term:`named tuple`::
 
-   The return value is actually an instance of a subclass of :class:`tuple`.  This
-   class has the following additional read-only convenience attributes:
+      (addressing scheme, network location, path, query, fragment identifier).
+
+   The return value is a :term:`named tuple`, its items can be accessed by index
+   or as named attributes:
 
    +------------------+-------+-------------------------+----------------------+
    | Attribute        | Index | Value                   | Value if not present |
@@ -330,8 +351,8 @@ or on combining URL components into a URL string.
    string.  If there is no fragment identifier in *url*, return *url* unmodified
    and an empty string.
 
-   The return value is actually an instance of a subclass of :class:`tuple`.  This
-   class has the following additional read-only convenience attributes:
+   The return value is a :term:`named tuple`, its items can be accessed by index
+   or as named attributes:
 
    +------------------+-------+-------------------------+----------------------+
    | Attribute        | Index | Value                   | Value if not present |