Merged revisions 81947-81950,81955-81956 via svnmerge from
svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/branches/py3k ........ r81947 | mark.dickinson | 2010-06-12 16:17:02 +0100 (Sat, 12 Jun 2010) | 3 lines Issue #8973: Add __all__ to struct module, so that help(struct) correctly displays information for the struct.Struct class. ........ r81948 | mark.dickinson | 2010-06-12 16:19:23 +0100 (Sat, 12 Jun 2010) | 1 line Remove accidental (yet-to-be-reviewed) docstring changes included in r81947. ........ r81949 | mark.dickinson | 2010-06-12 16:43:45 +0100 (Sat, 12 Jun 2010) | 1 line Issue #8973: Improve struct module docstrings. ........ r81950 | mark.dickinson | 2010-06-12 17:30:53 +0100 (Sat, 12 Jun 2010) | 1 line More struct module docs and docstring tweaks. ........ r81955 | mark.dickinson | 2010-06-12 19:20:47 +0100 (Sat, 12 Jun 2010) | 1 line Issue #8469: add standard sizes to struct docs table. ........ r81956 | mark.dickinson | 2010-06-12 19:37:54 +0100 (Sat, 12 Jun 2010) | 2 lines Issue #8469: Reorder struct module sections for clarity; other minor tweaks. ........
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@ -38,38 +38,38 @@ The module defines the following exception and functions:
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.. function:: pack(fmt, v1, v2, ...)
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Return a bytes containing the values ``v1, v2, ...`` packed according to the
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given format. The arguments must match the values required by the format
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exactly.
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Return a bytes object containing the values *v1*, *v2*, ... packed according
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to the format string *fmt*. The arguments must match the values required by
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the format exactly.
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.. function:: pack_into(fmt, buffer, offset, v1, v2, ...)
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Pack the values ``v1, v2, ...`` according to the given format, write the
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packed bytes into the writable *buffer* starting at *offset*. Note that the
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offset is a required argument.
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Pack the values *v1*, *v2*, ... according to the format string *fmt* and
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write the packed bytes into the writable buffer *buffer* starting at
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position *offset*. Note that *offset* is a required argument.
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.. function:: unpack(fmt, bytes)
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.. function:: unpack(fmt, buffer)
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Unpack the bytes (presumably packed by ``pack(fmt, ...)``) according to the
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given format. The result is a tuple even if it contains exactly one item.
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The bytes must contain exactly the amount of data required by the format
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(``len(bytes)`` must equal ``calcsize(fmt)``).
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Unpack from the buffer *buffer* (presumably packed by ``pack(fmt, ...)``)
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according to the format string *fmt*. The result is a tuple even if it
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contains exactly one item. The buffer must contain exactly the amount of
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data required by the format (``len(bytes)`` must equal ``calcsize(fmt)``).
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.. function:: unpack_from(fmt, buffer, offset=0)
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Unpack the *buffer* according to the given format. The result is a tuple even
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if it contains exactly one item. The *buffer* must contain at least the
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amount of data required by the format (``len(buffer[offset:])`` must be at
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least ``calcsize(fmt)``).
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Unpack from *buffer* starting at position *offset*, according to the format
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string *fmt*. The result is a tuple even if it contains exactly one
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item. *buffer* must contain at least the amount of data required by the
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format (``len(buffer[offset:])`` must be at least ``calcsize(fmt)``).
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.. function:: calcsize(fmt)
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Return the size of the struct (and hence of the bytes) corresponding to the
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given format.
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Return the size of the struct (and hence of the bytes object produced by
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``pack(fmt, ...)``) corresponding to the format string *fmt*.
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.. _struct-format-strings:
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@ -77,9 +77,84 @@ Format Strings
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--------------
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Format strings are the mechanism used to specify the expected layout when
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packing and unpacking data. They are built up from format characters, which
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specify the type of data being packed/unpacked. In addition, there are
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special characters for controlling the byte order, size, and alignment.
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packing and unpacking data. They are built up from :ref:`format-characters`,
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which specify the type of data being packed/unpacked. In addition, there are
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special characters for controlling the :ref:`struct-alignment`.
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.. _struct-alignment:
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Byte Order, Size, and Alignment
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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By default, C types are represented in the machine's native format and byte
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order, and properly aligned by skipping pad bytes if necessary (according to the
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rules used by the C compiler).
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Alternatively, the first character of the format string can be used to indicate
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the byte order, size and alignment of the packed data, according to the
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following table:
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+-----------+------------------------+--------------------+
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| Character | Byte order | Size and alignment |
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+===========+========================+====================+
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| ``@`` | native | native |
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+-----------+------------------------+--------------------+
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| ``=`` | native | standard |
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+-----------+------------------------+--------------------+
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| ``<`` | little-endian | standard |
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+-----------+------------------------+--------------------+
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| ``>`` | big-endian | standard |
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+-----------+------------------------+--------------------+
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| ``!`` | network (= big-endian) | standard |
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+-----------+------------------------+--------------------+
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If the first character is not one of these, ``'@'`` is assumed.
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Native byte order is big-endian or little-endian, depending on the host
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system. For example, Intel x86 and AMD64 (x86-64) are little-endian;
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Motorola 68000 and PowerPC G5 are big-endian; ARM and Intel Itanium feature
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switchable endianness (bi-endian). Use ``sys.byteorder`` to check the
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endianness of your system.
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Native size and alignment are determined using the C compiler's
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``sizeof`` expression. This is always combined with native byte order.
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Standard size and alignment are as follows: no alignment is required for any
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type (so you have to use pad bytes); :ctype:`short` is 2 bytes; :ctype:`int` and
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:ctype:`long` are 4 bytes; :ctype:`long long` (:ctype:`__int64` on Windows) is 8
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bytes; :ctype:`float` and :ctype:`double` are 32-bit and 64-bit IEEE floating
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point numbers, respectively. :ctype:`_Bool` is 1 byte.
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Note the difference between ``'@'`` and ``'='``: both use native byte order, but
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the size and alignment of the latter is standardized.
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The form ``'!'`` is available for those poor souls who claim they can't remember
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whether network byte order is big-endian or little-endian.
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There is no way to indicate non-native byte order (force byte-swapping); use the
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appropriate choice of ``'<'`` or ``'>'``.
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The ``'P'`` format character is only available for the native byte ordering
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(selected as the default or with the ``'@'`` byte order character). The byte
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order character ``'='`` chooses to use little- or big-endian ordering based on
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the host system. The struct module does not interpret this as native ordering,
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so the ``'P'`` format is not available.
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Notes:
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(1) Padding is only automatically added between successive structure members.
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No padding is added at the beginning or the end of the encoded struct.
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(2) No padding is added when using non-native size and alignment, e.g.
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with '<', '>', '=', and '!'.
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(3) To align the end of a structure to the alignment requirement of a
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particular type, end the format with the code for that type with a repeat
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count of zero. See :ref:`struct-examples`.
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.. _format-characters:
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Format Characters
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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@ -87,46 +162,46 @@ Format Characters
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Format characters have the following meaning; the conversion between C and
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Python values should be obvious given their types:
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------+
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| Format | C Type | Python | Notes |
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+========+=========================+====================+============+
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| ``x`` | pad byte | no value | |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------+
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| ``c`` | :ctype:`char` | bytes of length 1 | |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------+
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| ``b`` | :ctype:`signed char` | integer | \(1),\(4) |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------+
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| ``B`` | :ctype:`unsigned char` | integer | \(4) |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------+
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| ``?`` | :ctype:`_Bool` | bool | \(2) |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------+
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| ``h`` | :ctype:`short` | integer | \(4) |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------+
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| ``H`` | :ctype:`unsigned short` | integer | \(4) |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------+
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| ``i`` | :ctype:`int` | integer | \(4) |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------+
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| ``I`` | :ctype:`unsigned int` | integer | \(4) |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------+
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| ``l`` | :ctype:`long` | integer | \(4) |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------+
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| ``L`` | :ctype:`unsigned long` | integer | \(4) |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------+
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| ``q`` | :ctype:`long long` | integer | \(3), \(4) |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------+
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| ``Q`` | :ctype:`unsigned long | integer | \(3), \(4) |
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| | long` | | |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------+
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| ``f`` | :ctype:`float` | float | |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------+
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| ``d`` | :ctype:`double` | float | |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------+
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| ``s`` | :ctype:`char[]` | bytes | \(1) |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------+
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| ``p`` | :ctype:`char[]` | bytes | \(1) |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------+
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| ``P`` | :ctype:`void \*` | integer | |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------+
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+----------------+------------+
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| Format | C Type | Python type | Standard size | Notes |
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+========+=========================+====================+================+============+
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| ``x`` | pad byte | no value | | |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+----------------+------------+
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| ``c`` | :ctype:`char` | bytes of length 1 | 1 | |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+----------------+------------+
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| ``b`` | :ctype:`signed char` | integer | 1 | \(1),\(4) |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+----------------+------------+
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| ``B`` | :ctype:`unsigned char` | integer | 1 | \(4) |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+----------------+------------+
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| ``?`` | :ctype:`_Bool` | bool | 1 | \(2) |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+----------------+------------+
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| ``h`` | :ctype:`short` | integer | 2 | \(4) |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+----------------+------------+
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| ``H`` | :ctype:`unsigned short` | integer | 2 | \(4) |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+----------------+------------+
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| ``i`` | :ctype:`int` | integer | 4 | \(4) |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+----------------+------------+
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| ``I`` | :ctype:`unsigned int` | integer | 4 | \(4) |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+----------------+------------+
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| ``l`` | :ctype:`long` | integer | 4 | \(4) |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+----------------+------------+
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| ``L`` | :ctype:`unsigned long` | integer | 4 | \(4) |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+----------------+------------+
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| ``q`` | :ctype:`long long` | integer | 8 | \(3), \(4) |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+----------------+------------+
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| ``Q`` | :ctype:`unsigned long | integer | 8 | \(3), \(4) |
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| | long` | | | |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+----------------+------------+
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| ``f`` | :ctype:`float` | float | 4 | |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+----------------+------------+
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| ``d`` | :ctype:`double` | float | 8 | |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+----------------+------------+
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| ``s`` | :ctype:`char[]` | bytes | | \(1) |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+----------------+------------+
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| ``p`` | :ctype:`char[]` | bytes | | \(1) |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+----------------+------------+
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| ``P`` | :ctype:`void \*` | integer | | |
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+--------+-------------------------+--------------------+----------------+------------+
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Notes:
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@ -187,75 +262,6 @@ Either 0 or 1 in the native or standard bool representation will be packed, and
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any non-zero value will be True when unpacking.
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.. _struct-alignment:
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Byte Order, Size, and Alignment
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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By default, C types are represented in the machine's native format and byte
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order, and properly aligned by skipping pad bytes if necessary (according to the
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rules used by the C compiler).
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Alternatively, the first character of the format string can be used to indicate
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the byte order, size and alignment of the packed data, according to the
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following table:
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+-----------+------------------------+--------------------+
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| Character | Byte order | Size and alignment |
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+===========+========================+====================+
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| ``@`` | native | native |
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+-----------+------------------------+--------------------+
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| ``=`` | native | standard |
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+-----------+------------------------+--------------------+
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| ``<`` | little-endian | standard |
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+-----------+------------------------+--------------------+
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| ``>`` | big-endian | standard |
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+-----------+------------------------+--------------------+
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| ``!`` | network (= big-endian) | standard |
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+-----------+------------------------+--------------------+
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If the first character is not one of these, ``'@'`` is assumed.
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Native byte order is big-endian or little-endian, depending on the host system.
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For example, Motorola and Sun processors are big-endian; Intel and DEC
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processors are little-endian.
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Native size and alignment are determined using the C compiler's
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``sizeof`` expression. This is always combined with native byte order.
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Standard size and alignment are as follows: no alignment is required for any
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type (so you have to use pad bytes); :ctype:`short` is 2 bytes; :ctype:`int` and
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:ctype:`long` are 4 bytes; :ctype:`long long` (:ctype:`__int64` on Windows) is 8
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bytes; :ctype:`float` and :ctype:`double` are 32-bit and 64-bit IEEE floating
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point numbers, respectively. :ctype:`_Bool` is 1 byte.
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Note the difference between ``'@'`` and ``'='``: both use native byte order, but
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the size and alignment of the latter is standardized.
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The form ``'!'`` is available for those poor souls who claim they can't remember
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whether network byte order is big-endian or little-endian.
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There is no way to indicate non-native byte order (force byte-swapping); use the
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appropriate choice of ``'<'`` or ``'>'``.
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|
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The ``'P'`` format character is only available for the native byte ordering
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(selected as the default or with the ``'@'`` byte order character). The byte
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order character ``'='`` chooses to use little- or big-endian ordering based on
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the host system. The struct module does not interpret this as native ordering,
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so the ``'P'`` format is not available.
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Notes:
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(1) Padding is only automatically added between successive structure members.
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No padding is added at the beginning or the end of the encoded struct.
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(2) No padding is added when using non-native size and alignment, e.g.
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with '<', '>', '=', and '!'.
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|
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(3) To align the end of a structure to the alignment requirement of a
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particular type, end the format with the code for that type with a repeat
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count of zero. See :ref:`struct-examples`.
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.. _struct-examples:
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@ -320,7 +326,7 @@ alignment does not enforce any alignment.
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.. _struct-objects:
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Objects
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Classes
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-------
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The :mod:`struct` module also defines the following type:
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@ -347,10 +353,10 @@ The :mod:`struct` module also defines the following type:
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Identical to the :func:`pack_into` function, using the compiled format.
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.. method:: unpack(bytes)
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.. method:: unpack(buffer)
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Identical to the :func:`unpack` function, using the compiled format.
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(``len(bytes)`` must equal :attr:`self.size`).
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(``len(buffer)`` must equal :attr:`self.size`).
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.. method:: unpack_from(buffer, offset=0)
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@ -365,6 +371,6 @@ The :mod:`struct` module also defines the following type:
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.. attribute:: size
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The calculated size of the struct (and hence of the bytes) corresponding
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to :attr:`format`.
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The calculated size of the struct (and hence of the bytes object produced
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by the :meth:`pack` method) corresponding to :attr:`format`.
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@ -1,3 +1,14 @@
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__all__ = [
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# Functions
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'calcsize', 'pack', 'unpack', 'unpack', 'unpack_from',
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# Classes
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'Struct',
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# Exceptions
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'error'
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]
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from _struct import *
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from _struct import _clearcache
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from _struct import __doc__
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|
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@ -241,6 +241,9 @@ Library
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Extension Modules
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-----------------
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- Issue #8973: Add __all__ to struct module; this ensures that
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help(struct) includes documentation for the struct.Struct class.
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- Issue #2810: Fix cases where the Windows registry API returns
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ERROR_MORE_DATA, requiring a re-try in order to get the complete result.
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|
|
|
@ -1384,9 +1384,9 @@ fail:
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PyDoc_STRVAR(s_unpack__doc__,
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"S.unpack(buffer) -> (v1, v2, ...)\n\
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\n\
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Return tuple containing values unpacked according to this Struct's format.\n\
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Requires len(buffer) == self.size. See struct.__doc__ for more on format\n\
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strings.");
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Return a tuple containing values unpacked according to the format\n\
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string S.format. Requires len(buffer) == S.size. See help(struct)\n\
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for more on format strings.");
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static PyObject *
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s_unpack(PyObject *self, PyObject *input)
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|
@ -1412,12 +1412,11 @@ s_unpack(PyObject *self, PyObject *input)
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}
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PyDoc_STRVAR(s_unpack_from__doc__,
|
||||
"S.unpack_from(buffer[, offset]) -> (v1, v2, ...)\n\
|
||||
"S.unpack_from(buffer[, offset=0]) -> (v1, v2, ...)\n\
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\n\
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||||
Return tuple containing values unpacked according to this Struct's format.\n\
|
||||
Unlike unpack, unpack_from can unpack values from any object supporting\n\
|
||||
the buffer API, not just str. Requires len(buffer[offset:]) >= self.size.\n\
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||||
See struct.__doc__ for more on format strings.");
|
||||
Return a tuple containing values unpacked according to the format\n\
|
||||
string S.format. Requires len(buffer[offset:]) >= S.size. See\n\
|
||||
help(struct) for more on format strings.");
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||||
static PyObject *
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s_unpack_from(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
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|
@ -1552,8 +1551,9 @@ s_pack_internal(PyStructObject *soself, PyObject *args, int offset, char* buf)
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PyDoc_STRVAR(s_pack__doc__,
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"S.pack(v1, v2, ...) -> bytes\n\
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\n\
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Return a bytes containing values v1, v2, ... packed according to this\n\
|
||||
Struct's format. See struct.__doc__ for more on format strings.");
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Return a bytes object containing values v1, v2, ... packed according\n\
|
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to the format string S.format. See help(struct) for more on format\n\
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strings.");
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static PyObject *
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s_pack(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
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||||
|
@ -1589,10 +1589,10 @@ s_pack(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
|
|||
PyDoc_STRVAR(s_pack_into__doc__,
|
||||
"S.pack_into(buffer, offset, v1, v2, ...)\n\
|
||||
\n\
|
||||
Pack the values v1, v2, ... according to this Struct's format, write \n\
|
||||
the packed bytes into the writable buffer buf starting at offset. Note\n\
|
||||
that the offset is not an optional argument. See struct.__doc__ for \n\
|
||||
more on format strings.");
|
||||
Pack the values v1, v2, ... according to the format string S.format\n\
|
||||
and write the packed bytes into the writable buffer buf starting at\n\
|
||||
offset. Note that the offset is a required argument. See\n\
|
||||
help(struct) for more on format strings.");
|
||||
|
||||
static PyObject *
|
||||
s_pack_into(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
|
||||
|
@ -1767,7 +1767,9 @@ clearcache(PyObject *self)
|
|||
}
|
||||
|
||||
PyDoc_STRVAR(calcsize_doc,
|
||||
"Return size of C struct described by format string fmt.");
|
||||
"calcsize(fmt) -> integer\n\
|
||||
\n\
|
||||
Return size in bytes of the struct described by the format string fmt.");
|
||||
|
||||
static PyObject *
|
||||
calcsize(PyObject *self, PyObject *fmt)
|
||||
|
@ -1782,7 +1784,10 @@ calcsize(PyObject *self, PyObject *fmt)
|
|||
}
|
||||
|
||||
PyDoc_STRVAR(pack_doc,
|
||||
"Return bytes containing values v1, v2, ... packed according to fmt.");
|
||||
"pack(fmt, v1, v2, ...) -> bytes\n\
|
||||
\n\
|
||||
Return a bytes object containing the values v1, v2, ... packed according\n\
|
||||
to the format string fmt. See help(struct) for more on format strings.");
|
||||
|
||||
static PyObject *
|
||||
pack(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
|
||||
|
@ -1811,8 +1816,12 @@ pack(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
|
|||
}
|
||||
|
||||
PyDoc_STRVAR(pack_into_doc,
|
||||
"Pack the values v1, v2, ... according to fmt.\n\
|
||||
Write the packed bytes into the writable buffer buf starting at offset.");
|
||||
"pack_into(fmt, buffer, offset, v1, v2, ...)\n\
|
||||
\n\
|
||||
Pack the values v1, v2, ... according to the format string fmt and write\n\
|
||||
the packed bytes into the writable buffer buf starting at offset. Note\n\
|
||||
that the offset is a required argument. See help(struct) for more\n\
|
||||
on format strings.");
|
||||
|
||||
static PyObject *
|
||||
pack_into(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
|
||||
|
@ -1841,8 +1850,11 @@ pack_into(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
|
|||
}
|
||||
|
||||
PyDoc_STRVAR(unpack_doc,
|
||||
"Unpack the bytes containing packed C structure data, according to fmt.\n\
|
||||
Requires len(bytes) == calcsize(fmt).");
|
||||
"unpack(fmt, buffer) -> (v1, v2, ...)\n\
|
||||
\n\
|
||||
Return a tuple containing values unpacked according to the format string\n\
|
||||
fmt. Requires len(buffer) == calcsize(fmt). See help(struct) for more\n\
|
||||
on format strings.");
|
||||
|
||||
static PyObject *
|
||||
unpack(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
|
||||
|
@ -1861,8 +1873,11 @@ unpack(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
|
|||
}
|
||||
|
||||
PyDoc_STRVAR(unpack_from_doc,
|
||||
"Unpack the buffer, containing packed C structure data, according to\n\
|
||||
fmt, starting at offset. Requires len(buffer[offset:]) >= calcsize(fmt).");
|
||||
"unpack_from(fmt, buffer[, offset=0]) -> (v1, v2, ...)\n\
|
||||
\n\
|
||||
Return a tuple containing values unpacked according to the format string\n\
|
||||
fmt. Requires len(buffer[offset:]) >= calcsize(fmt). See help(struct)\n\
|
||||
for more on format strings.");
|
||||
|
||||
static PyObject *
|
||||
unpack_from(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
|
||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue