Richard Wolff's changes:

pdb.doc		Updated to reflect better the various changes.
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Guido van Rossum 1998-09-12 14:42:23 +00:00
parent 2424f855f3
commit f0a275d4db
1 changed files with 181 additions and 63 deletions

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The Python Debugger The Python Debugger Pdb
=================== =======================
To use the debugger in its simplest form: To use the debugger in its simplest form:
@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ that 'help' can be typed as 'h' or 'help' (but not as 'he' or 'hel',
nor as 'H' or 'Help' or 'HELP'). Optional arguments are enclosed in nor as 'H' or 'Help' or 'HELP'). Optional arguments are enclosed in
square brackets. square brackets.
A blank line repeats the previous command literally. (Except for A blank line repeats the previous command literally, except for
'list', where it lists the next 11 lines.) 'list', where it lists the next 11 lines.
Commands that the debugger doesn't recognize are assumed to be Python Commands that the debugger doesn't recognize are assumed to be Python
statements and are executed in the context of the program being statements and are executed in the context of the program being
@ -35,9 +35,24 @@ debugged; it is even possible to change variables. When an exception
occurs in such a statement, the exception name is printed but the occurs in such a statement, the exception name is printed but the
debugger's state is not changed. debugger's state is not changed.
The debugger is not directly programmable; but it is implemented as a The debugger supports aliases, which can save typing. And aliases
class from which you can derive your own debugger class, so you can can have parameters (see the alias help entry) which allows one a
make as fancy as you like. certain level of adaptability to the context under examination.
Multiple commands may be entered on a single line, separated by
semi-colons. No intelligence is applied to separating the commands;
the input is split at the first ';', even if it is in the middle of
a quoted string.
If a file ".pdbrc" exists in your home directory or in the current
directory, it is read in and executed as if it had been typed at
the debugger prompt. This is particularly useful for aliases.
If both files exist, the one in the home directory is read first
and aliases defined there can be overriden by the local file.
Aside from aliases, the debugger is not directly programmable; but
it is implemented as a class from which you can derive your own
debugger class, which you can make as fancy as you like.
Debugger commands Debugger commands
@ -46,8 +61,7 @@ Debugger commands
h(elp) h(elp)
Without argument, print the list of available commands. Without argument, print the list of available commands.
With a command name as argument, print help about that command With a command name as argument, print help about that command
"help pdb" pipes the full documentation file to the $PAGER (this is currently not implemented).
"help exec" gives help on the ! command
w(here) w(here)
Print a stack trace, with the most recent frame at the bottom. Print a stack trace, with the most recent frame at the bottom.
@ -62,24 +76,47 @@ u(p)
Move the current frame one level up in the stack trace Move the current frame one level up in the stack trace
(to a newer frame). (to a newer frame).
b(reak) ([file:]lineno | function) [, "condition"] b(reak) [ ([filename:]lineno | function) [, "condition"] ]
With a line number argument, set a break there in the current With a filename:line number argument, set a break there. If
file. With a function name, set a break at the entry of that filename is omitted, use the current file. With a function name,
function. Without argument, list all breaks. If a second set a break at the first executable line of that function.
argument is present, it is a string specifying an expression Without argument, list all breaks. Each breakpoint is assigned
which must evaluate to true before the breakpoint is honored. a number which is by all the other breakpoint commands refer to it.
The line number may be prefixed with a filename and a colon, The condition argument, if present, is a string which must
to specify a breakpoint in another file (probably one that evaluate to true in order for the breakpoint to be honored.
hasn't been loaded yet). The file is searched on sys.path.
cl(ear) [lineno] tbreak [ ([filename:]lineno | function) [, "condition"] ]
With a line number argument, clear that break in the current file. Temporary breakpoint, which is removed automatically when it is
Without argument, clear all breaks (but first ask confirmation). first hit. The arguments are the same as break.
The line number may be prefixed with a filename and a colon, cl(ear) [bpnumber [bpnumber ...] ]
to specify a breakpoint in another file (probably one that With a space separated list of breakpoint numbers, clear those
hasn't been loaded yet). The file is searched on sys.path. breakpoints. Without argument, clear all breaks (but first
ask confirmation).
disable bpnumber [bpnumber ...]
Disables the breakpoints given as a space separated list of
breakpoint numbers. Disabling a breakpoint means it cannot cause
the program to stop execution, but unlike clearing a breakpoint, it
remains in the list of breakpoints and can be (re-)enabled.
enable bpnumber [bpnumber ...]
Enables the breakpoints specified.
ignore bpnumber count
Sets the ignore count for the given breakpoint number. If
count is omitted, the ignore count is set to 0. A breakpoint
becomes active when the ignore count is zero. When non-zero,
the count is decremented each time the breakpoint is reached
and the breakpoint is not disabled and any associated condition
evaluates to true.
condition bpnumber str_condition
str_condition is a string specifying an expression which
must evaluate to true before the breakpoint is honored.
If str_condition is absent, any existing condition is removed;
i.e., the breakpoint is made unconditional.
s(tep) s(tep)
Execute the current line, stop at the first possible occasion Execute the current line, stop at the first possible occasion
@ -110,15 +147,96 @@ p expression
Print the value of the expression. Print the value of the expression.
(!) statement (!) statement
Execute the (one-line) statement in the context of Execute the (one-line) statement in the context of the current
the current stack frame. stack frame. The exclamation point can be omitted unless the
The exclamation point can be omitted unless the first word first word of the statement resembles a debugger command.
of the statement resembles a debugger command.
To assign to a global variable you must always prefix the To assign to a global variable you must always prefix the
command with a 'global' command, e.g.: command with a 'global' command, e.g.:
(Pdb) global list_options; list_options = ['-l'] (Pdb) global list_options; list_options = ['-l']
(Pdb) (Pdb)
whatis arg
Prints the type of the argument.
alias [name [command]]
Creates an alias called 'name' that executes 'command'. The command
must *not* be enclosed in quotes. Replaceable parameters can be
indicated by %1, %2, and so on, while %* is replaced by all the
parameters. If no command is given, the current alias for name
is shown. If no name is given, all aliases are listed.
Aliases may be nested and can contain anything that can be
legally typed at the pdb prompt. Note! You *can* override
internal pdb commands with aliases! Those internal commands
are then hidden until the alias is removed. Aliasing is recursively
applied to the first word of the command line; all other words
in the line are left alone.
As an example, here are two useful aliases (especially when placed
in the .pdbrc file):
#Print instance variables (usage "pi classInst")
alias pi for k in %1.__dict__.keys(): print "%1." + k + "=" + %1.__dict__[k]
#Print instance variables in self
alias ps pi self
unalias name
Deletes the specified alias.
q(uit) q(uit)
Quit from the debugger. Quit from the debugger.
The program being executed is aborted. The program being executed is aborted.
How it works
============
Some changes were made to the interpreter:
- sys.settrace(func) sets the global trace function
- there can also a local trace function (see later)
Trace functions have three arguments: (frame, event, arg)
- frame is the current stack frame
- event is a string: 'call', 'line', 'return' or 'exception'
- arg is dependent on the event type
A trace function should return a new trace function or None.
Class methods are accepted (and most useful!) as trace methods.
The events have the following meaning:
'call': A function is called (or some other code block entered).
The global trace function is called;
arg is the argument list to the function;
the return value specifies the local trace function.
'line': The interpreter is about to execute a new line of code
(sometimes multiple line events on one line exist).
The local trace function is called; arg in None;
the return value specifies the new local trace function.
'return': A function (or other code block) is about to return.
The local trace function is called;
arg is the value that will be returned.
The trace function's return value is ignored.
'exception': An exception has occurred.
The local trace function is called;
arg is a triple (exception, value, traceback);
the return value specifies the new local trace function
Note that as an exception is propagated down the chain of callers, an
'exception' event is generated at each level.
Stack frame objects have the following read-only attributes:
f_code: the code object being executed
f_lineno: the current line number (-1 for 'call' events)
f_back: the stack frame of the caller, or None
f_locals: dictionary containing local name bindings
f_globals: dictionary containing global name bindings
Code objects have the following read-only attributes:
co_code: the code string
co_names: the list of names used by the code
co_consts: the list of (literal) constants used by the code
co_filename: the filename from which the code was compiled