all sorts of minor nits
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Guido van Rossum
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Misc/FAQ
135
Misc/FAQ
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@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ Followup-to: comp.lang.python
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From: guido@cwi.nl (Guido van Rossum)
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Reply-to: guido@cnri.reston.va.us (Guido van Rossum)
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Expires: Wed, 1 Nov 1995 00:00:00 GMT
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Supersedes: <DE1DI9.8MF@cwi.nl>
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Supersedes: <DFMAv8.3Hp@cwi.nl>
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Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
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Archive-name: python-faq/part1
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Submitted-by: Guido van Rossum <guido@cwi.nl>
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Version: 1.28
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Last-modified: 28 September 1995
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Version: 1.29
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Last-modified: 11 October 1995
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This article contains answers to Frequently Asked Questions about
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Python (an object-oriented interpreted programming language -- see
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@ -21,15 +21,15 @@ redistribution of this FAQ is allowed. Printed redistribution only
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with permission of the author. No warranties.
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Author's address:
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Guido van Rossum
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C.N.R.I.
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1895 Preston White Drive
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Reston, VA 22091
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U.S.A.
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Guido van Rossum
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C.N.R.I.
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1895 Preston White Drive
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Reston, VA 22091
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U.S.A.
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Email: <guido@python.org>, <guido@cnri.reston.va.us>, <guido@cwi.nl>
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The latest version of this FAQ is available by anonymous ftp from
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<URL:ftp://ftp.python.org/pub/python/FAQ>. It will also be posted
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<URL:ftp://ftp.python.org/pub/doc/FAQ>. It will also be posted
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regularly to the newsgroups comp.answers <URL:news:comp.answers> and
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comp.lang.python <URL:news:comp.lang.python>.
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@ -302,19 +302,30 @@ site).
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A. The following anonymous ftp sites keep mirrors of the Python
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distribution:
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<URL:ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/python/>
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USA:
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<URL:ftp://ftp.python.org/pub/python/>
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<URL:ftp://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/plan/python/>
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<URL:ftp://ftp.uu.net/languages/python/>
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<URL:ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/graphics/graphics/sgi-stuff/python/>
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<URL:ftp://ftp.uu.net/languages/python/>
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<URL:ftp://ftp.sterling.com/programming/languages/python/>
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<URL:ftp://uiarchive.cso.uiuc.edu/pub/lang/python/>
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<URL:ftp://ftp.pht.com/mirrors/python/python/>
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Europe:
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<URL:ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/python/>
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<URL:ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/python/>
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<URL:ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/python/>
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<URL:ftp://unix.hensa.ac.uk/mirrors/uunet/languages/python/>
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<URL:ftp://ftp.sterling.com/programming/languages/python/>
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<URL:ftp://uiarchive.cso.uiuc.edu/pub/lang/python/>
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<URL:ftp://ftp.ibp.fr/pub/python/>
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<URL:ftp://ftp.switch.ch/software/sources/python/>
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<URL:ftp://ftp.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/pub/comp/programming/languages/python/>
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Australia:
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<URL:ftp://ftp.dstc.edu.au/pub/python/>
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Or try archie on the string "python".
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1.6. Q. Is there a newsgroup or mailing list devoted to Python?
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@ -488,7 +499,7 @@ new kind of massively parallel processor). When KSR folded down a
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couple of years ago, Tim lost his email access. He hasn't surfaced
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on the net since then.
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Missing-him-too-ly yours...
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Missing-him-too-ly yours...
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PS: support for Python's Emacs mode (Misc/python-mode.el in the
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distribution) has been taken up by Barry Warsaw. Questions about it
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@ -547,9 +558,6 @@ Infoseek uses Python to implement their commercial WWW information
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retrieval service <URL:http://www.infoseek.com/>. Contact:
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<info@infoseek.com>.
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Michael Powers of daVinci Time & Space is "writing tons-o-python for
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interactive television entertainment." Contact: <powers@dvts.com>.
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Paul Everitt of Connecting Minds is planning a Lotus Notes gateway.
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Contact: <Paul.Everitt@cminds.com>. Or see their WWW server
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<URL:http://www.cminds.com/>.
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@ -582,15 +590,14 @@ If you'd like to be included in the list above, send me email!
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A. Very stable. While the current version number would suggest it is
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in the early stages of development, in fact new, stable releases
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(numbered 0.9.x through 1.2) have been coming out roughly every 3 to
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(numbered 0.9.x through 1.3) have been coming out roughly every 3 to
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6 months for the past four years.
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2.5. Q. When will the next version be released?
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A. I am planning to release 1.3 in early October 1995. It will
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contain keyword parameters as the most important new language feature.
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A beta version was made available in August, more beta versions may
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appear.
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A. Version 1.3 is being released on 13 October 1995. It is too early
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to predict when the next release will be necessary, but you can expect
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something awesome within half a year!
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2.6. Q. What new developments are expected for Python in the future?
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@ -1476,39 +1483,39 @@ If after reading all of the above you still want to connect two pipes
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to a subprocess's standard input and output, here's a simple solution,
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due to Jack Jansen:
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import os
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import sys
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import string
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import os
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import sys
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import string
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MAXFD = 100 # Max number of file descriptors in this system
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MAXFD = 100 # Max number of file descriptors in this system
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def popen2(cmd):
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cmd = string.split(cmd)
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p2cread, p2cwrite = os.pipe()
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c2pread, c2pwrite = os.pipe()
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pid = os.fork()
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if pid == 0:
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# Child
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os.close(0)
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os.close(1)
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if os.dup(p2cread) <> 0:
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sys.stderr.write('popen2: bad read dup\n')
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if os.dup(c2pwrite) <> 1:
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sys.stderr.write('popen2: bad write dup\n')
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for i in range(3, MAXFD):
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try:
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os.close(i)
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except:
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pass
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try:
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os.execv(cmd[0], cmd)
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finally:
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os._exit(1)
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os.close(p2cread)
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tochild = os.fdopen(p2cwrite, 'w')
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os.close(c2pwrite)
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fromchild = os.fdopen(c2pread, 'r')
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return fromchild, tochild
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def popen2(cmd):
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cmd = string.split(cmd)
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p2cread, p2cwrite = os.pipe()
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c2pread, c2pwrite = os.pipe()
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pid = os.fork()
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if pid == 0:
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# Child
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os.close(0)
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os.close(1)
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if os.dup(p2cread) <> 0:
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sys.stderr.write('popen2: bad read dup\n')
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if os.dup(c2pwrite) <> 1:
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sys.stderr.write('popen2: bad write dup\n')
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for i in range(3, MAXFD):
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try:
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os.close(i)
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except:
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pass
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try:
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os.execv(cmd[0], cmd)
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finally:
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os._exit(1)
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os.close(p2cread)
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tochild = os.fdopen(p2cwrite, 'w')
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os.close(c2pwrite)
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fromchild = os.fdopen(c2pread, 'r')
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return fromchild, tochild
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Note that many interactive programs (e.g. vi) don't work well with
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pipes substituted for standard input and output. You will have to use
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@ -1541,10 +1548,10 @@ one argument, the tuple args, instead of three arguments, the integers
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A. Assuming you're already using python-mode and font-lock-mode
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separately, all you need to do is put this in your .emacs file:
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(defun my-python-mode-hook ()
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(setq font-lock-keywords python-font-lock-keywords)
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(font-lock-mode 1))
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(add-hook 'python-mode-hook 'my-python-mode-hook)
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(defun my-python-mode-hook ()
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(setq font-lock-keywords python-font-lock-keywords)
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(font-lock-mode 1))
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(add-hook 'python-mode-hook 'my-python-mode-hook)
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4.33. Q. Is there an inverse to the format operator (a la C's scanf())?
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@ -1980,10 +1987,10 @@ Hints for proper usage of freeze.py:
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- you must have installed Python fully:
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make install
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make libinstall
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make inclinstall
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make libainstall
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make install
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make libinstall
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make inclinstall
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make libainstall
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6.14. Q. Why doesn't Python use proper garbage collection?
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@ -2008,9 +2015,9 @@ attractive. With GC, the following code (which is fine in current
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Python) will run out of file descriptors long before it runs out of
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memory:
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for file in <very long list of files>:
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f = open(file)
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c = file.read(1)
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for file in <very long list of files>:
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f = open(file)
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c = file.read(1)
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Using the current reference counting and destructor scheme, each new
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assignment to f closes the previous file. Using GC, this is not
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