Initial implementation
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Barry Warsaw
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#! /usr/bin/env python
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"""pygettext -- Python equivalent of xgettext(1)
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Many systems (Solaris, Linux, Gnu) provide extensive tools that ease the
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internationalization of C programs. Most of these tools are independent of
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the programming language and can be used from within Python programs. Martin
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von Loewis' work[1] helps considerably in this regard.
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There's one hole though; xgettext is the program that scans source code
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looking for message strings, but it groks only C (or C++). Python introduces
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a few wrinkles, such as dual quoting characters, triple quoted strings, and
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raw strings. xgettext understands none of this.
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Enter pygettext, which uses Python's standard tokenize module to scan Python
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source code, generating .pot files identical to what GNU xgettext[2] generates
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for C and C++ code. From there, the standard GNU tools can be used.
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A word about marking Python strings as candidates for translation. GNU
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xgettext recognizes the following keywords: gettext, dgettext, dcgettext, and
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gettext_noop. But those can be a lot of text to include all over your code.
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C and C++ have a trick: they use the C preprocessor. Most internationalized C
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source includes a #define for gettext() to _() so that what has to be written
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in the source is much less. Thus these are both translatable strings:
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gettext("Translatable String")
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_("Translatable String")
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Python of course has no preprocessor so this doesn't work so well. Thus,
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pygettext searches only for _() by default, but see the -k/--keyword flag
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below for how to augment this.
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[1] http://www.python.org/workshops/1997-10/proceedings/loewis.html
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[2] http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/gettext.html
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NOTE: pygettext attempts to be option and feature compatible with GNU xgettext
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where ever possible.
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Usage: pygettext [options] filename ...
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Options:
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-a
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--extract-all
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Extract all strings
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-d default-domain
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--default-domain=default-domain
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Rename the default output file from messages.pot to default-domain.pot
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-k [word]
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--keyword[=word]
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Additional keywords to look for. Without `word' means not to use the
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default keywords. The default keywords, which are always looked for
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if not explicitly disabled: _
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The default keyword list is different than GNU xgettext. You can have
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multiple -k flags on the command line.
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--no-location
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Do not write filename/lineno location comments
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-n [style]
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--add-location[=style]
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Write filename/lineno location comments indicating where each
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extracted string is found in the source. These lines appear before
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each msgid. Two styles are supported:
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Solaris # File: filename, line: line-number
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Gnu #: filename:line
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If style is omitted, Gnu is used. The style name is case
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insensitive. By default, locations are included.
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--help
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-h
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print this help message and exit
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"""
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import os
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import sys
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import string
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import time
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import getopt
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import tokenize
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__version__ = '0.1'
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def usage(code, msg=''):
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print __doc__ % globals()
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if msg:
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print msg
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sys.exit(code)
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def normalize(s):
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# This converts the various Python string types into a format that is
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# appropriate for .po files, namely much closer to C style.
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#
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# unwrap quotes, safely
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s = eval(s, {'__builtins__':{}}, {})
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# now escape any embedded double quotes
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parts = []
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last = 0
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i = string.find(s, '"')
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while i >= 0:
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# find the number of preceding backslashes
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j = i
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n = 0
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while j >= 0 and s[i] == '\\':
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j = j - 1
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n = n + 1
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if (n % 2) == 0:
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parts.append(s[last:j])
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parts.append('\\')
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parts.append(s[j:i])
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else:
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parts.append(s[last:i])
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last = i
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i = string.find(s, '"', i+1)
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else:
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parts.append(s[last:])
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if parts:
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return '"' + string.join(parts, '') + '"'
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else:
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return '"' + s + '"'
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class TokenEater:
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def __init__(self, options):
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self.__options = options
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self.__messages = {}
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self.__state = self.__waiting
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self.__data = []
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self.__lineno = -1
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def __call__(self, ttype, tstring, stup, etup, line):
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# dispatch
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self.__state(ttype, tstring, stup[0])
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def __waiting(self, ttype, tstring, lineno):
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if ttype == tokenize.NAME and tstring in self.__options.keywords:
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self.__state = self.__keywordseen
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def __keywordseen(self, ttype, tstring, lineno):
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if ttype == tokenize.OP and tstring == '(':
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self.__data = []
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self.__lineno = lineno
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self.__state = self.__openseen
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else:
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self.__state = self.__waiting
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def __openseen(self, ttype, tstring, lineno):
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if ttype == tokenize.OP and tstring == ')':
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# We've seen the last of the translatable strings. Record the
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# line number of the first line of the strings and update the list
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# of messages seen. Reset state for the next batch. If there
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# were no strings inside _(), then just ignore this entry.
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if self.__data:
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msg = string.join(self.__data, '')
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entry = (self.__curfile, self.__lineno)
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linenos = self.__messages.get(msg)
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if linenos is None:
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self.__messages[msg] = [entry]
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else:
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linenos.append(entry)
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self.__state = self.__waiting
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elif ttype == tokenize.STRING:
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self.__data.append(normalize(tstring))
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# TBD: should we warn if we seen anything else?
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def set_filename(self, filename):
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self.__curfile = filename
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def write(self, fp):
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options = self.__options
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timestamp = time.ctime(time.time())
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# common header
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try:
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sys.stdout = fp
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print '# POT file generated by pygettext.py', __version__
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print '#', timestamp
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print '#'
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for k, v in self.__messages.items():
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for filename, lineno in v:
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# location comments are different b/w Solaris and GNU
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if options.location == options.SOLARIS:
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print '# File: %s,' % filename, 'line: %d' % lineno
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elif options.location == options.GNU:
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print '#: %s:%d' % (filename, lineno)
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# TBD: sorting, normalizing
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print 'msgid', k
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print 'msgstr '
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print
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finally:
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sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__
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def main():
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default_keywords = ['_']
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try:
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opts, args = getopt.getopt(
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sys.argv[1:],
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'k:d:n:h',
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['keyword', 'default-domain', 'help',
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'add-location=', 'no-location'])
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except getopt.error, msg:
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usage(1, msg)
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# for holding option values
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class Options:
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# constants
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GNU = 1
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SOLARIS = 2
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# defaults
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keywords = []
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outfile = 'messages.pot'
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location = GNU
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options = Options()
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locations = {'gnu' : options.GNU,
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'solaris' : options.SOLARIS,
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}
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# parse options
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for opt, arg in opts:
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if opt in ('-h', '--help'):
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usage(0)
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elif opt in ('-k', '--keyword'):
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if arg is None:
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default_keywords = []
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options.keywords.append(arg)
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elif opt in ('-d', '--default-domain'):
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options.outfile = arg + '.pot'
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elif opt in ('-n', '--add-location'):
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if arg is None:
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arg = 'gnu'
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try:
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options.location = locations[string.lower(arg)]
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except KeyError:
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usage(1, 'Invalid value for --add-location: ' + arg)
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elif opt in ('--no-location',):
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options.location = 0
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# calculate all keywords
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options.keywords.extend(default_keywords)
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# slurp through all the files
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eater = TokenEater(options)
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for filename in args:
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fp = open(filename)
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eater.set_filename(filename)
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tokenize.tokenize(fp.readline, eater)
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fp.close()
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fp = open(options.outfile, 'w')
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eater.write(fp)
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fp.close()
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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main()
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