diff --git a/Modules/_collectionsmodule.c b/Modules/_collectionsmodule.c
index 1d23973fd05..97d7de47d2d 100644
--- a/Modules/_collectionsmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_collectionsmodule.c
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ deque_concat(dequeobject *deque, PyObject *other)
         if (rv == 0) {
             PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                          "can only concatenate deque (not \"%.200s\") to deque",
-                         other->ob_type->tp_name);
+                         Py_TYPE(other)->tp_name);
         }
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -2395,7 +2395,7 @@ tuplegetter_descr_get(PyObject *self, PyObject *obj, PyObject *type)
                      "descriptor for index '%zd' for tuple subclasses "
                      "doesn't apply to '%s' object",
                      index,
-                     obj->ob_type->tp_name);
+                     Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name);
         return NULL;
     }
 
diff --git a/Modules/_csv.c b/Modules/_csv.c
index aaf377650c0..2d541bb3af8 100644
--- a/Modules/_csv.c
+++ b/Modules/_csv.c
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ _set_char(const char *name, Py_UCS4 *target, PyObject *src, Py_UCS4 dflt)
             if (!PyUnicode_Check(src)) {
                 PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                     "\"%s\" must be string, not %.200s", name,
-                    src->ob_type->tp_name);
+                    Py_TYPE(src)->tp_name);
                 return -1;
             }
             len = PyUnicode_GetLength(src);
@@ -807,7 +807,7 @@ Reader_iternext(ReaderObj *self)
                          "iterator should return strings, "
                          "not %.200s "
                          "(did you open the file in text mode?)",
-                         lineobj->ob_type->tp_name
+                         Py_TYPE(lineobj)->tp_name
                 );
             Py_DECREF(lineobj);
             return NULL;
@@ -1168,7 +1168,7 @@ csv_writerow(WriterObj *self, PyObject *seq)
     if (iter == NULL)
         return PyErr_Format(_csvstate_global->error_obj,
                             "iterable expected, not %.200s",
-                            seq->ob_type->tp_name);
+                            Py_TYPE(seq)->tp_name);
 
     /* Join all fields in internal buffer.
      */
diff --git a/Modules/_ctypes/cfield.c b/Modules/_ctypes/cfield.c
index e0a50fde6a0..f860e6e51b2 100644
--- a/Modules/_ctypes/cfield.c
+++ b/Modules/_ctypes/cfield.c
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ static void
 PyCField_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 {
     PyCField_clear((CFieldObject *)self);
-    self->ob_type->tp_free((PyObject *)self);
+    Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free((PyObject *)self);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -1175,7 +1175,7 @@ u_set(void *ptr, PyObject *value, Py_ssize_t size)
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(value)) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                         "unicode string expected instead of %s instance",
-                        value->ob_type->tp_name);
+                        Py_TYPE(value)->tp_name);
         return NULL;
     } else
         Py_INCREF(value);
@@ -1234,7 +1234,7 @@ U_set(void *ptr, PyObject *value, Py_ssize_t length)
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(value)) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                         "unicode string expected instead of %s instance",
-                        value->ob_type->tp_name);
+                        Py_TYPE(value)->tp_name);
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -1289,7 +1289,7 @@ s_set(void *ptr, PyObject *value, Py_ssize_t length)
     if(!PyBytes_Check(value)) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                      "expected bytes, %s found",
-                     value->ob_type->tp_name);
+                     Py_TYPE(value)->tp_name);
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -1334,7 +1334,7 @@ z_set(void *ptr, PyObject *value, Py_ssize_t size)
     }
     PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                  "bytes or integer address expected instead of %s instance",
-                 value->ob_type->tp_name);
+                 Py_TYPE(value)->tp_name);
     return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -1373,7 +1373,7 @@ Z_set(void *ptr, PyObject *value, Py_ssize_t size)
     if (!PyUnicode_Check(value)) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                      "unicode string or integer address expected instead of %s instance",
-                     value->ob_type->tp_name);
+                     Py_TYPE(value)->tp_name);
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -1416,7 +1416,7 @@ BSTR_set(void *ptr, PyObject *value, Py_ssize_t size)
     } else if (!PyUnicode_Check(value)) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                         "unicode string expected instead of %s instance",
-                        value->ob_type->tp_name);
+                        Py_TYPE(value)->tp_name);
         return NULL;
     }
 
diff --git a/Modules/_ctypes/ctypes.h b/Modules/_ctypes/ctypes.h
index e58f85233cb..351f996be05 100644
--- a/Modules/_ctypes/ctypes.h
+++ b/Modules/_ctypes/ctypes.h
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ typedef struct {
 } PyCFuncPtrObject;
 
 extern PyTypeObject PyCStgDict_Type;
-#define PyCStgDict_CheckExact(v)            ((v)->ob_type == &PyCStgDict_Type)
+#define PyCStgDict_CheckExact(v)            (Py_TYPE(v) == &PyCStgDict_Type)
 #define PyCStgDict_Check(v)         PyObject_TypeCheck(v, &PyCStgDict_Type)
 
 extern int PyCStructUnionType_update_stgdict(PyObject *fields, PyObject *type, int isStruct);
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ struct tagPyCArgObject {
 };
 
 extern PyTypeObject PyCArg_Type;
-#define PyCArg_CheckExact(v)        ((v)->ob_type == &PyCArg_Type)
+#define PyCArg_CheckExact(v)        (Py_TYPE(v) == &PyCArg_Type)
 extern PyCArgObject *PyCArgObject_new(void);
 
 extern PyObject *
diff --git a/Modules/_ctypes/stgdict.c b/Modules/_ctypes/stgdict.c
index 1d45ade5efd..c8001a97810 100644
--- a/Modules/_ctypes/stgdict.c
+++ b/Modules/_ctypes/stgdict.c
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ PyType_stgdict(PyObject *obj)
 StgDictObject *
 PyObject_stgdict(PyObject *self)
 {
-    PyTypeObject *type = self->ob_type;
+    PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(self);
     if (!type->tp_dict || !PyCStgDict_CheckExact(type->tp_dict))
         return NULL;
     return (StgDictObject *)type->tp_dict;
diff --git a/Modules/_cursesmodule.c b/Modules/_cursesmodule.c
index c2ce3a968fa..5b29000a24e 100644
--- a/Modules/_cursesmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_cursesmodule.c
@@ -2924,7 +2924,7 @@ _curses_getwin(PyObject *module, PyObject *file)
     if (!PyBytes_Check(data)) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                      "f.read() returned %.100s instead of bytes",
-                     data->ob_type->tp_name);
+                     Py_TYPE(data)->tp_name);
         Py_DECREF(data);
         goto error;
     }
diff --git a/Modules/_datetimemodule.c b/Modules/_datetimemodule.c
index 0b98cca67d4..bc03c504380 100644
--- a/Modules/_datetimemodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_datetimemodule.c
@@ -1810,7 +1810,7 @@ checked_divmod(PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
         if (!PyTuple_Check(result)) {
             PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                          "divmod() returned non-tuple (type %.200s)",
-                         result->ob_type->tp_name);
+                         Py_TYPE(result)->tp_name);
             Py_DECREF(result);
             return NULL;
         }
diff --git a/Modules/_dbmmodule.c b/Modules/_dbmmodule.c
index b317b57e7ae..072e9775236 100644
--- a/Modules/_dbmmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_dbmmodule.c
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ dbm_contains(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
     else if (!PyBytes_Check(arg)) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                      "dbm key must be bytes or string, not %.100s",
-                     arg->ob_type->tp_name);
+                     Py_TYPE(arg)->tp_name);
         return -1;
     }
     else {
diff --git a/Modules/_decimal/_decimal.c b/Modules/_decimal/_decimal.c
index e2ac1980031..75a8ddba1fe 100644
--- a/Modules/_decimal/_decimal.c
+++ b/Modules/_decimal/_decimal.c
@@ -2584,7 +2584,7 @@ PyDecType_FromObjectExact(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *v, PyObject *context)
     else {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
             "conversion from %s to Decimal is not supported",
-            v->ob_type->tp_name);
+            Py_TYPE(v)->tp_name);
         return NULL;
     }
 }
@@ -2633,7 +2633,7 @@ PyDec_FromObject(PyObject *v, PyObject *context)
     else {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
             "conversion from %s to Decimal is not supported",
-            v->ob_type->tp_name);
+            Py_TYPE(v)->tp_name);
         return NULL;
     }
 }
@@ -2696,7 +2696,7 @@ convert_op(int type_err, PyObject **conv, PyObject *v, PyObject *context)
     if (type_err) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
             "conversion from %s to Decimal is not supported",
-            v->ob_type->tp_name);
+            Py_TYPE(v)->tp_name);
     }
     else {
         Py_INCREF(Py_NotImplemented);
diff --git a/Modules/_gdbmmodule.c b/Modules/_gdbmmodule.c
index dd4a348d136..a815819ee90 100644
--- a/Modules/_gdbmmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_gdbmmodule.c
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ dbm_contains(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
     else if (!PyBytes_Check(arg)) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                      "gdbm key must be bytes or string, not %.100s",
-                     arg->ob_type->tp_name);
+                     Py_TYPE(arg)->tp_name);
         return -1;
     }
     else {
diff --git a/Modules/_io/_iomodule.c b/Modules/_io/_iomodule.c
index 5932363f3af..d609fa4afec 100644
--- a/Modules/_io/_iomodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_io/_iomodule.c
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ PyNumber_AsOff_t(PyObject *item, PyObject *err)
         /* Otherwise replace the error with caller's error object. */
         PyErr_Format(err,
                      "cannot fit '%.200s' into an offset-sized integer",
-                     item->ob_type->tp_name);
+                     Py_TYPE(item)->tp_name);
     }
 
  finish:
diff --git a/Modules/_io/textio.c b/Modules/_io/textio.c
index 5ebeb024e57..c4c56cb04de 100644
--- a/Modules/_io/textio.c
+++ b/Modules/_io/textio.c
@@ -1094,7 +1094,7 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper___init___impl(textio *self, PyObject *buffer,
         PyErr_Format(
             PyExc_TypeError,
             "TextIOWrapper() argument 'errors' must be str or None, not %.50s",
-            errors->ob_type->tp_name);
+            Py_TYPE(errors)->tp_name);
         return -1;
     }
     else if (io_check_errors(errors)) {
diff --git a/Modules/_json.c b/Modules/_json.c
index 3e4fe795a05..a70043b605f 100644
--- a/Modules/_json.c
+++ b/Modules/_json.c
@@ -1617,7 +1617,7 @@ encoder_listencode_dict(PyEncoderObject *s, _PyAccu *acc,
         else {
             PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                          "keys must be str, int, float, bool or None, "
-                         "not %.100s", key->ob_type->tp_name);
+                         "not %.100s", Py_TYPE(key)->tp_name);
             goto bail;
         }
 
diff --git a/Modules/_pickle.c b/Modules/_pickle.c
index fc48d605786..f67fb6a65c3 100644
--- a/Modules/_pickle.c
+++ b/Modules/_pickle.c
@@ -1976,7 +1976,7 @@ fast_save_enter(PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj)
             PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
                          "fast mode: can't pickle cyclic objects "
                          "including object type %.200s at %p",
-                         obj->ob_type->tp_name, obj);
+                         Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name, obj);
             self->fast_nesting = -1;
             return 0;
         }
diff --git a/Modules/_sqlite/microprotocols.c b/Modules/_sqlite/microprotocols.c
index 59a5e228454..bdcb174be43 100644
--- a/Modules/_sqlite/microprotocols.c
+++ b/Modules/_sqlite/microprotocols.c
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ pysqlite_microprotocols_adapt(PyObject *obj, PyObject *proto, PyObject *alt)
        way to get a quotable object to be its instance */
 
     /* look for an adapter in the registry */
-    key = Py_BuildValue("(OO)", (PyObject*)obj->ob_type, proto);
+    key = Py_BuildValue("(OO)", (PyObject*)Py_TYPE(obj), proto);
     if (!key) {
         return NULL;
     }
diff --git a/Modules/_testbuffer.c b/Modules/_testbuffer.c
index d7d3cc8d0d5..047e3d3974c 100644
--- a/Modules/_testbuffer.c
+++ b/Modules/_testbuffer.c
@@ -1854,7 +1854,7 @@ ndarray_subscript(NDArrayObject *self, PyObject *key)
 type_error:
     PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
         "cannot index memory using \"%.200s\"",
-        key->ob_type->tp_name);
+        Py_TYPE(key)->tp_name);
 err_occurred:
     Py_DECREF(nd);
     return NULL;
diff --git a/Modules/_testcapimodule.c b/Modules/_testcapimodule.c
index d8bf3735046..3bb1bf1e274 100644
--- a/Modules/_testcapimodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_testcapimodule.c
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ dict_hassplittable(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
     if (!PyDict_Check(arg)) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                      "dict_hassplittable() argument must be dict, not '%s'",
-                     arg->ob_type->tp_name);
+                     Py_TYPE(arg)->tp_name);
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -2724,7 +2724,7 @@ test_thread_state(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 
     if (!PyCallable_Check(fn)) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "'%s' object is not callable",
-            fn->ob_type->tp_name);
+            Py_TYPE(fn)->tp_name);
         return NULL;
     }
 
diff --git a/Modules/_tkinter.c b/Modules/_tkinter.c
index 4f7d1b78ebe..87bc7ae8aee 100644
--- a/Modules/_tkinter.c
+++ b/Modules/_tkinter.c
@@ -833,7 +833,7 @@ typedef struct {
 } PyTclObject;
 
 static PyObject *PyTclObject_Type;
-#define PyTclObject_Check(v) ((v)->ob_type == (PyTypeObject *) PyTclObject_Type)
+#define PyTclObject_Check(v) (Py_TYPE(v) == (PyTypeObject *) PyTclObject_Type)
 
 static PyObject *
 newPyTclObject(Tcl_Obj *arg)
@@ -1734,7 +1734,7 @@ varname_converter(PyObject *in, void *_out)
     }
     PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                  "must be str, bytes or Tcl_Obj, not %.50s",
-                 in->ob_type->tp_name);
+                 Py_TYPE(in)->tp_name);
     return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/Modules/_xxsubinterpretersmodule.c b/Modules/_xxsubinterpretersmodule.c
index fa20bc5dcec..cc4f5d9e6dc 100644
--- a/Modules/_xxsubinterpretersmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_xxsubinterpretersmodule.c
@@ -1428,7 +1428,7 @@ channel_id_converter(PyObject *arg, void *ptr)
     else {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                      "channel ID must be an int, got %.100s",
-                     arg->ob_type->tp_name);
+                     Py_TYPE(arg)->tp_name);
         return 0;
     }
     *(int64_t *)ptr = cid;
diff --git a/Modules/cjkcodecs/multibytecodec.c b/Modules/cjkcodecs/multibytecodec.c
index f24ec933508..2dd63a9531e 100644
--- a/Modules/cjkcodecs/multibytecodec.c
+++ b/Modules/cjkcodecs/multibytecodec.c
@@ -1450,7 +1450,7 @@ mbstreamreader_iread(MultibyteStreamReaderObject *self,
             PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                          "stream function returned a "
                          "non-bytes object (%.100s)",
-                         cres->ob_type->tp_name);
+                         Py_TYPE(cres)->tp_name);
             goto errorexit;
         }
 
diff --git a/Modules/cjkcodecs/multibytecodec.h b/Modules/cjkcodecs/multibytecodec.h
index 6d34534ee68..94670ecafef 100644
--- a/Modules/cjkcodecs/multibytecodec.h
+++ b/Modules/cjkcodecs/multibytecodec.h
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ typedef struct {
     MultibyteCodec *codec;
 } MultibyteCodecObject;
 
-#define MultibyteCodec_Check(op) ((op)->ob_type == &MultibyteCodec_Type)
+#define MultibyteCodec_Check(op) (Py_TYPE(op) == &MultibyteCodec_Type)
 
 #define _MultibyteStatefulCodec_HEAD            \
     PyObject_HEAD                               \
diff --git a/Modules/gcmodule.c b/Modules/gcmodule.c
index 99a6c9ed91d..7e9eae50a8e 100644
--- a/Modules/gcmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/gcmodule.c
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ untrack_dicts(PyGC_Head *head)
 static int
 has_legacy_finalizer(PyObject *op)
 {
-    return op->ob_type->tp_del != NULL;
+    return Py_TYPE(op)->tp_del != NULL;
 }
 
 /* Move the objects in unreachable with tp_del slots into `finalizers`.
diff --git a/Modules/grpmodule.c b/Modules/grpmodule.c
index 81f969c51dd..0e2801fce50 100644
--- a/Modules/grpmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/grpmodule.c
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ grp_getgrgid_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *id)
         PyErr_Clear();
         if (PyErr_WarnFormat(PyExc_DeprecationWarning, 1,
                              "group id must be int, not %.200",
-                             id->ob_type->tp_name) < 0) {
+                             Py_TYPE(id)->tp_name) < 0) {
             return NULL;
         }
         py_int_id = PyNumber_Long(id);
diff --git a/Modules/parsermodule.c b/Modules/parsermodule.c
index ef63ca936e9..f00329b3541 100644
--- a/Modules/parsermodule.c
+++ b/Modules/parsermodule.c
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ PyTypeObject PyST_Type = {
 
 
 /* PyST_Type isn't subclassable, so just check ob_type */
-#define PyST_Object_Check(v) ((v)->ob_type == &PyST_Type)
+#define PyST_Object_Check(v) (Py_TYPE(v) == &PyST_Type)
 
 static int
 parser_compare_nodes(node *left, node *right)
diff --git a/Modules/sha512module.c b/Modules/sha512module.c
index df4f9d2d741..4045698387f 100644
--- a/Modules/sha512module.c
+++ b/Modules/sha512module.c
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ SHA512Type_copy_impl(SHAobject *self)
 {
     SHAobject *newobj;
 
-    if (((PyObject*)self)->ob_type == &SHA512type) {
+    if (Py_TYPE((PyObject*)self) == &SHA512type) {
         if ( (newobj = newSHA512object())==NULL)
             return NULL;
     } else {
diff --git a/Modules/socketmodule.c b/Modules/socketmodule.c
index d42fa7ce182..e54f7a9b1c2 100644
--- a/Modules/socketmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/socketmodule.c
@@ -1670,7 +1670,7 @@ idna_converter(PyObject *obj, struct maybe_idna *data)
     }
     else {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "str, bytes or bytearray expected, not %s",
-                     obj->ob_type->tp_name);
+                     Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name);
         return 0;
     }
     if (strlen(data->buf) != len) {