1.00 at last!
Describe super() very briefly A few minor reformattings and wording changes Set the release date (presumably tomorrow...)
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% $Id$
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\title{What's New in Python 2.2}
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\release{0.10}
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\release{1.00}
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\author{A.M. Kuchling}
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\authoraddress{\email{akuchlin@mems-exchange.org}}
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\begin{document}
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\section{Introduction}
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This article explains the new features in Python 2.2.
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The final release of Python 2.2 is planned for December 2001.
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This article explains the new features in Python 2.2, released on
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December 21, 2001.
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Python 2.2 can be thought of as the "cleanup release". There are some
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features such as generators and iterators that are completely new, but
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@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ The \function{staticmethod()} function takes the function
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stored in the class object. You might expect there to be special
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syntax for creating such methods (\code{def static f()},
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\code{defstatic f()}, or something like that) but no such syntax has
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been defined yet; that's been left for future versions.
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been defined yet; that's been left for future versions of Python.
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More new features, such as slots and properties, are also implemented
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as new kinds of descriptors, and it's not difficult to write a
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@ -260,10 +260,13 @@ from eiffel import eiffelmethod
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class C(object):
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def f(self, arg1, arg2):
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# The actual function
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...
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def pre_f(self):
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# Check preconditions
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...
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def post_f(self):
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# Check postconditions
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...
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f = eiffelmethod(f, pre_f, post_f)
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\end{verbatim}
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@ -276,6 +279,7 @@ write \function{eiffelmethod()} or the ZODB or whatever, but most
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users will just write code on top of the resulting libraries and
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ignore the implementation details.
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\subsection{Multiple Inheritance: The Diamond Rule}
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Multiple inheritance has also been made more useful through changing
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@ -326,9 +330,28 @@ the above example, the list becomes [\class{D}, \class{B}, \class{C},
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Following this rule, referring to \method{D.save()} will return
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\method{C.save()}, which is the behaviour we're after. This lookup
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rule is the same as the one followed by Common Lisp.
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rule is the same as the one followed by Common Lisp. A new built-in
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function, \function{super()}, provides a way to get at a class's
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superclasses without having to reimplement Python's algorithm.
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The most commonly used form will be
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\function{super(\var{class}, \var{obj})}, which returns
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a bound superclass object (not the actual class object). This form
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will be used in methods to call a method in the superclass; for
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example, \class{D}'s \method{save()} method would look like this:
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% XXX mention super()
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\begin{verbatim}
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class D:
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def save (self):
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# Call superclass .save()
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super(D, self).save()
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# Save D's private information here
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...
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\end{verbatim}
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\function{super()} can also return unbound superclass objects
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when called as \function{super(\var{class})} or
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\function{super(\var{class1}, \var{class2})}, but this probably won't
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often be useful.
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\subsection{Attribute Access}
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