Clean up pickle usage examples.
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@ -560,10 +560,8 @@ referenced object.
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Here is a comprehensive example presenting how persistent ID can be used to
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pickle external objects by reference.
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.. XXX Work around for some bug in sphinx/pygments.
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.. highlightlang:: python
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.. literalinclude:: ../includes/dbpickle.py
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.. highlightlang:: python3
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.. _pickle-state:
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@ -715,46 +713,35 @@ solutions.
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.. _pickle-example:
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Example
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-------
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Usage Examples
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--------------
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For the simplest code, use the :func:`dump` and :func:`load` functions. Note
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that a self-referencing list is pickled and restored correctly. ::
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import pickle
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data1 = {'a': [1, 2.0, 3, 4+6j],
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'b': ("string", "string using Unicode features \u0394"),
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'c': None}
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# An arbitrary collection of objects supported by pickle.
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data = {
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'a': [1, 2.0, 3, 4+6j],
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'b': ("character string", b"byte string"),
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'c': set([None, True, False])
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}
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selfref_list = [1, 2, 3]
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selfref_list.append(selfref_list)
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with open('data.pickle', 'wb') as f:
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# Pickle the 'data' dictionary using the highest protocol available.
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pickle.dump(data, f, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
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output = open('data.pkl', 'wb')
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# Pickle dictionary using protocol 2.
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pickle.dump(data1, output, 2)
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The following example reads the resulting pickled data. ::
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# Pickle the list using the highest protocol available.
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pickle.dump(selfref_list, output, -1)
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import pickle
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output.close()
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with open('data.pickle', 'rb') as f:
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# The protocol version used is detected automatically, so we do not
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# have to specify it.
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data = pickle.load(f)
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The following example reads the resulting pickled data. When reading a
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pickle-containing file, you should open the file in binary mode because you
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can't be sure if the ASCII or binary format was used. ::
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import pprint, pickle
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pkl_file = open('data.pkl', 'rb')
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data1 = pickle.load(pkl_file)
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pprint.pprint(data1)
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data2 = pickle.load(pkl_file)
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pprint.pprint(data2)
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pkl_file.close()
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.. seealso::
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