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Logical markup. 

Spell emdash right.
This commit is contained in:
Fred Drake 1998-03-08 06:41:57 +00:00
parent 0c2af2bef6
commit bccc64020e
2 changed files with 88 additions and 84 deletions
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86
Doc/lib/libimp.tex
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@ -4,10 +4,9 @@
\index{import}
This module provides an interface to the mechanisms used to implement
the \code{import} statement. It defines the following constants and
the \keyword{import} statement. It defines the following constants and
functions:
\setindexsubitem{(in module imp)}
\begin{funcdesc}{get_magic}{}
Return the magic string value used to recognize byte-compiled code
@ -23,21 +22,21 @@ module name to form the filename to search for, \var{mode} is the mode
string to pass to the built-in \code{open} function to open the file
(this can be \code{'r'} for text files or \code{'rb'} for binary
files), and \var{type} is the file type, which has one of the values
\code{PY_SOURCE}, \code{PY_COMPILED}, or \code{C_EXTENSION}, defined
below.
\constant{PY_SOURCE}, \constant{PY_COMPILED}, or
\constant{C_EXTENSION}, described below.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{find_module}{name\optional{, path}}
Try to find the module \var{name} on the search path \var{path}. If
\var{path} is a list of directory names, each directory is searched
for files with any of the suffixes returned by \code{get_suffixes()}
for files with any of the suffixes returned by \function{get_suffixes()}
above. Invalid names in the list are silently ignored (but all list
items must be strings). If \var{path} is omitted or \code{None}, the
list of directory names given by \code{sys.path} is searched, but
first it searches a few special places: it tries to find a built-in
module with the given name (\code{C_BUILTIN}), then a frozen module
(\code{PY_FROZEN}), and on some systems some other places are looked
in as well (on the Mac, it looks for a resource (\code{PY_RESOURCE});
module with the given name (\constant{C_BUILTIN}), then a frozen module
(\constant{PY_FROZEN}), and on some systems some other places are looked
in as well (on the Mac, it looks for a resource (\constant{PY_RESOURCE});
on Windows, it looks in the registry which may point to a specific
file).
@ -46,42 +45,44 @@ If search is successful, the return value is a triple
\var{file} is an open file object positioned at the beginning,
\var{pathname} is the pathname of the
file found, and \var{description} is a triple as contained in the list
returned by \code{get_suffixes} describing the kind of module found.
returned by \function{get_suffixes()} describing the kind of module found.
If the module does not live in a file, the returned \var{file} is
\code{None}, \var{filename} is the empty string, and the
\var{description} tuple contains empty strings for its suffix and
mode; the module type is as indicate in parentheses dabove. If the
search is unsuccessful, \code{ImportError} is raised. Other
search is unsuccessful, \exception{ImportError} is raised. Other
exceptions indicate problems with the arguments or environment.
This function does not handle hierarchical module names (names
containing dots). In order to find \var{P}.\var{M}, i.e., submodule
\var{M} of package \var{P}, use \code{find_module()} and
\code{load_module()} to find and load package \var{P}, and then use
\code{find_module()} with the \var{path} argument set to
\var{M} of package \var{P}, use \function{find_module()} and
\function{load_module()} to find and load package \var{P}, and then use
\function{find_module()} with the \var{path} argument set to
\code{\var{P}.__path__}. When \var{P} itself has a dotted name, apply
this recipe recursively.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{load_module}{name, file, filename, description}
Load a module that was previously found by \code{find_module()} (or by
Load a module that was previously found by \function{find_module()} (or by
an otherwise conducted search yielding compatible results). This
function does more than importing the module: if the module was
already imported, it is equivalent to a \code{reload()}! The
already imported, it is equivalent to a
\function{reload()}\bifuncindex{reload}! The
\var{name} argument indicates the full module name (including the
package name, if this is a submodule of a package). The \var{file}
argument is an open file, and \var{filename} is the corresponding
file name; these can be \code{None} and \code{""}, respectively, when
file name; these can be \code{None} and \code{''}, respectively, when
the module is not being loaded from a file. The \var{description}
argument is a tuple as returned by \code{find_module()} describing what
kind of module must be loaded.
argument is a tuple as returned by \function{find_module()} describing
what kind of module must be loaded.
If the load is successful, the return value is the module object;
otherwise, an exception (usually \code{ImportError}) is raised.
otherwise, an exception (usually \exception{ImportError}) is raised.
\strong{Important:} the caller is responsible for closing the
\var{file} argument, if it was not \code{None}, even when an exception
is raised. This is best done using a try-finally statement.
is raised. This is best done using a \keyword{try}
... \keyword{finally} statement.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{new_module}{name}
@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ Return a new empty module object called \var{name}. This object is
\end{funcdesc}
The following constants with integer values, defined in this module,
are used to indicate the search result of \code{find_module()}.
are used to indicate the search result of \function{find_module()}.
\begin{datadesc}{PY_SOURCE}
The module was found as a source file.
@ -118,11 +119,11 @@ The module was found as a built-in module.
\end{datadesc}
\begin{datadesc}{PY_FROZEN}
The module was found as a frozen module (see \code{init_frozen()}).
The module was found as a frozen module (see \function{init_frozen()}).
\end{datadesc}
The following constant and functions are obsolete; their functionality
is available through \code{find_module()} or \code{load_module()}.
is available through \function{find_module()} or \function{load_module()}.
They are kept around for backward compatibility:
\begin{datadesc}{SEARCH_ERROR}
@ -133,8 +134,8 @@ Unused.
Initialize the built-in module called \var{name} and return its module
object. If the module was already initialized, it will be initialized
\emph{again}. A few modules cannot be initialized twice --- attempting
to initialize these again will raise an \code{ImportError} exception.
If there is no
to initialize these again will raise an \exception{ImportError}
exception. If there is no
built-in module called \var{name}, \code{None} is returned.
\end{funcdesc}
@ -144,21 +145,22 @@ object. If the module was already initialized, it will be initialized
\emph{again}. If there is no frozen module called \var{name},
\code{None} is returned. (Frozen modules are modules written in
Python whose compiled byte-code object is incorporated into a
custom-built Python interpreter by Python's \code{freeze} utility.
See \file{Tools/freeze} for now.)
custom-built Python interpreter by Python's \program{freeze} utility.
See \file{Tools/freeze/} for now.)
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{is_builtin}{name}
Return \code{1} if there is a built-in module called \var{name} which can be
initialized again. Return \code{-1} if there is a built-in module
called \var{name} which cannot be initialized again (see
\code{init_builtin()}). Return \code{0} if there is no built-in module
called \var{name}.
Return \code{1} if there is a built-in module called \var{name} which
can be initialized again. Return \code{-1} if there is a built-in
module called \var{name} which cannot be initialized again (see
\function{init_builtin()}). Return \code{0} if there is no built-in
module called \var{name}.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{is_frozen}{name}
Return \code{1} if there is a frozen module (see \code{init_frozen()})
called \var{name}, \code{0} if there is no such module.
Return \code{1} if there is a frozen module (see
\function{init_frozen()}) called \var{name}, or \code{0} if there is
no such module.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{load_compiled}{name, pathname, file}
@ -180,7 +182,7 @@ already initialized, it will be initialized \emph{again}. Some modules
don't like that and may raise an exception. The \var{pathname}
argument must point to the shared library. The \var{name} argument is
used to construct the name of the initialization function: an external
C function called \code{init\var{name}()} in the shared library is
C function called \samp{init\var{name}()} in the shared library is
called. The optional \var{file} argment is ignored. (Note: using
shared libraries is highly system dependent, and not all systems
support it.)
@ -195,7 +197,7 @@ to the source file. The \var{file} argument is the source
file, open for reading as text, from the beginning.
It must currently be a real file
object, not a user-defined class emulating a file. Note that if a
properly matching byte-compiled file (with suffix \code{.pyc}) exists,
properly matching byte-compiled file (with suffix \file{.pyc}) exists,
it will be used instead of parsing the given source file.
\end{funcdesc}
@ -206,8 +208,8 @@ it will be used instead of parsing the given source file.
The following function emulates what was the standard import statement
up to Python 1.4 (i.e., no hierarchical module names). (This
\emph{implementation} wouldn't work in that version, since
\code{imp.find_module()} has been extended and
\code{imp.load_module()} has been added in 1.4.)
\function{find_module()} has been extended and
\function{load_module()} has been added in 1.4.)
\begin{verbatim}
import imp import sys
@ -233,7 +235,7 @@ def __import__(name, globals=None, locals=None, fromlist=None):
\end{verbatim}
A more complete example that implements hierarchical module names and
includes a \code{reload()} function can be found in the standard
module \code{knee}\refstmodindex{knee} (which is intended as an
example only -- don't rely on any part of it being a standard
interface).
includes a \function{reload()}\bifuncindex{reload} function can be
found in the standard module \module{knee}\refstmodindex{knee} (which
is intended as an example only --- don't rely on any part of it being
a standard interface).

86
Doc/libimp.tex
View File

@ -4,10 +4,9 @@
\index{import}
This module provides an interface to the mechanisms used to implement
the \code{import} statement. It defines the following constants and
the \keyword{import} statement. It defines the following constants and
functions:
\setindexsubitem{(in module imp)}
\begin{funcdesc}{get_magic}{}
Return the magic string value used to recognize byte-compiled code
@ -23,21 +22,21 @@ module name to form the filename to search for, \var{mode} is the mode
string to pass to the built-in \code{open} function to open the file
(this can be \code{'r'} for text files or \code{'rb'} for binary
files), and \var{type} is the file type, which has one of the values
\code{PY_SOURCE}, \code{PY_COMPILED}, or \code{C_EXTENSION}, defined
below.
\constant{PY_SOURCE}, \constant{PY_COMPILED}, or
\constant{C_EXTENSION}, described below.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{find_module}{name\optional{, path}}
Try to find the module \var{name} on the search path \var{path}. If
\var{path} is a list of directory names, each directory is searched
for files with any of the suffixes returned by \code{get_suffixes()}
for files with any of the suffixes returned by \function{get_suffixes()}
above. Invalid names in the list are silently ignored (but all list
items must be strings). If \var{path} is omitted or \code{None}, the
list of directory names given by \code{sys.path} is searched, but
first it searches a few special places: it tries to find a built-in
module with the given name (\code{C_BUILTIN}), then a frozen module
(\code{PY_FROZEN}), and on some systems some other places are looked
in as well (on the Mac, it looks for a resource (\code{PY_RESOURCE});
module with the given name (\constant{C_BUILTIN}), then a frozen module
(\constant{PY_FROZEN}), and on some systems some other places are looked
in as well (on the Mac, it looks for a resource (\constant{PY_RESOURCE});
on Windows, it looks in the registry which may point to a specific
file).
@ -46,42 +45,44 @@ If search is successful, the return value is a triple
\var{file} is an open file object positioned at the beginning,
\var{pathname} is the pathname of the
file found, and \var{description} is a triple as contained in the list
returned by \code{get_suffixes} describing the kind of module found.
returned by \function{get_suffixes()} describing the kind of module found.
If the module does not live in a file, the returned \var{file} is
\code{None}, \var{filename} is the empty string, and the
\var{description} tuple contains empty strings for its suffix and
mode; the module type is as indicate in parentheses dabove. If the
search is unsuccessful, \code{ImportError} is raised. Other
search is unsuccessful, \exception{ImportError} is raised. Other
exceptions indicate problems with the arguments or environment.
This function does not handle hierarchical module names (names
containing dots). In order to find \var{P}.\var{M}, i.e., submodule
\var{M} of package \var{P}, use \code{find_module()} and
\code{load_module()} to find and load package \var{P}, and then use
\code{find_module()} with the \var{path} argument set to
\var{M} of package \var{P}, use \function{find_module()} and
\function{load_module()} to find and load package \var{P}, and then use
\function{find_module()} with the \var{path} argument set to
\code{\var{P}.__path__}. When \var{P} itself has a dotted name, apply
this recipe recursively.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{load_module}{name, file, filename, description}
Load a module that was previously found by \code{find_module()} (or by
Load a module that was previously found by \function{find_module()} (or by
an otherwise conducted search yielding compatible results). This
function does more than importing the module: if the module was
already imported, it is equivalent to a \code{reload()}! The
already imported, it is equivalent to a
\function{reload()}\bifuncindex{reload}! The
\var{name} argument indicates the full module name (including the
package name, if this is a submodule of a package). The \var{file}
argument is an open file, and \var{filename} is the corresponding
file name; these can be \code{None} and \code{""}, respectively, when
file name; these can be \code{None} and \code{''}, respectively, when
the module is not being loaded from a file. The \var{description}
argument is a tuple as returned by \code{find_module()} describing what
kind of module must be loaded.
argument is a tuple as returned by \function{find_module()} describing
what kind of module must be loaded.
If the load is successful, the return value is the module object;
otherwise, an exception (usually \code{ImportError}) is raised.
otherwise, an exception (usually \exception{ImportError}) is raised.
\strong{Important:} the caller is responsible for closing the
\var{file} argument, if it was not \code{None}, even when an exception
is raised. This is best done using a try-finally statement.
is raised. This is best done using a \keyword{try}
... \keyword{finally} statement.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{new_module}{name}
@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ Return a new empty module object called \var{name}. This object is
\end{funcdesc}
The following constants with integer values, defined in this module,
are used to indicate the search result of \code{find_module()}.
are used to indicate the search result of \function{find_module()}.
\begin{datadesc}{PY_SOURCE}
The module was found as a source file.
@ -118,11 +119,11 @@ The module was found as a built-in module.
\end{datadesc}
\begin{datadesc}{PY_FROZEN}
The module was found as a frozen module (see \code{init_frozen()}).
The module was found as a frozen module (see \function{init_frozen()}).
\end{datadesc}
The following constant and functions are obsolete; their functionality
is available through \code{find_module()} or \code{load_module()}.
is available through \function{find_module()} or \function{load_module()}.
They are kept around for backward compatibility:
\begin{datadesc}{SEARCH_ERROR}
@ -133,8 +134,8 @@ Unused.
Initialize the built-in module called \var{name} and return its module
object. If the module was already initialized, it will be initialized
\emph{again}. A few modules cannot be initialized twice --- attempting
to initialize these again will raise an \code{ImportError} exception.
If there is no
to initialize these again will raise an \exception{ImportError}
exception. If there is no
built-in module called \var{name}, \code{None} is returned.
\end{funcdesc}
@ -144,21 +145,22 @@ object. If the module was already initialized, it will be initialized
\emph{again}. If there is no frozen module called \var{name},
\code{None} is returned. (Frozen modules are modules written in
Python whose compiled byte-code object is incorporated into a
custom-built Python interpreter by Python's \code{freeze} utility.
See \file{Tools/freeze} for now.)
custom-built Python interpreter by Python's \program{freeze} utility.
See \file{Tools/freeze/} for now.)
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{is_builtin}{name}
Return \code{1} if there is a built-in module called \var{name} which can be
initialized again. Return \code{-1} if there is a built-in module
called \var{name} which cannot be initialized again (see
\code{init_builtin()}). Return \code{0} if there is no built-in module
called \var{name}.
Return \code{1} if there is a built-in module called \var{name} which
can be initialized again. Return \code{-1} if there is a built-in
module called \var{name} which cannot be initialized again (see
\function{init_builtin()}). Return \code{0} if there is no built-in
module called \var{name}.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{is_frozen}{name}
Return \code{1} if there is a frozen module (see \code{init_frozen()})
called \var{name}, \code{0} if there is no such module.
Return \code{1} if there is a frozen module (see
\function{init_frozen()}) called \var{name}, or \code{0} if there is
no such module.
\end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{load_compiled}{name, pathname, file}
@ -180,7 +182,7 @@ already initialized, it will be initialized \emph{again}. Some modules
don't like that and may raise an exception. The \var{pathname}
argument must point to the shared library. The \var{name} argument is
used to construct the name of the initialization function: an external
C function called \code{init\var{name}()} in the shared library is
C function called \samp{init\var{name}()} in the shared library is
called. The optional \var{file} argment is ignored. (Note: using
shared libraries is highly system dependent, and not all systems
support it.)
@ -195,7 +197,7 @@ to the source file. The \var{file} argument is the source
file, open for reading as text, from the beginning.
It must currently be a real file
object, not a user-defined class emulating a file. Note that if a
properly matching byte-compiled file (with suffix \code{.pyc}) exists,
properly matching byte-compiled file (with suffix \file{.pyc}) exists,
it will be used instead of parsing the given source file.
\end{funcdesc}
@ -206,8 +208,8 @@ it will be used instead of parsing the given source file.
The following function emulates what was the standard import statement
up to Python 1.4 (i.e., no hierarchical module names). (This
\emph{implementation} wouldn't work in that version, since
\code{imp.find_module()} has been extended and
\code{imp.load_module()} has been added in 1.4.)
\function{find_module()} has been extended and
\function{load_module()} has been added in 1.4.)
\begin{verbatim}
import imp import sys
@ -233,7 +235,7 @@ def __import__(name, globals=None, locals=None, fromlist=None):
\end{verbatim}
A more complete example that implements hierarchical module names and
includes a \code{reload()} function can be found in the standard
module \code{knee}\refstmodindex{knee} (which is intended as an
example only -- don't rely on any part of it being a standard
interface).
includes a \function{reload()}\bifuncindex{reload} function can be
found in the standard module \module{knee}\refstmodindex{knee} (which
is intended as an example only --- don't rely on any part of it being
a standard interface).