Merged revisions 59333-59370 via svnmerge from

svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk

........
  r59343 | georg.brandl | 2007-12-05 08:02:47 +0100 (Wed, 05 Dec 2007) | 2 lines

  Fix typo.
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  r59347 | christian.heimes | 2007-12-05 13:31:44 +0100 (Wed, 05 Dec 2007) | 1 line

  Fixed quoting and paths in the sqlite project file
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  r59348 | christian.heimes | 2007-12-05 13:45:11 +0100 (Wed, 05 Dec 2007) | 1 line

  Fixed error in regrtest. I must have missed the spot.
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  r59350 | christian.heimes | 2007-12-05 13:49:14 +0100 (Wed, 05 Dec 2007) | 1 line

  merge -r59315:59316 from py3k: Fix issue #1553: An errornous __length_hint__ can make list() raise a SystemError
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  r59352 | christian.heimes | 2007-12-05 13:52:34 +0100 (Wed, 05 Dec 2007) | 1 line

  Added msg to Misc/NEWS
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  r59354 | andrew.kuchling | 2007-12-05 14:27:20 +0100 (Wed, 05 Dec 2007) | 1 line

  Spelling fix
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  r59356 | georg.brandl | 2007-12-05 18:56:50 +0100 (Wed, 05 Dec 2007) | 3 lines

  Add examples to csv, pprint and traceback docs.
  Written by Ross for GHOP.
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  r59358 | raymond.hettinger | 2007-12-05 19:11:08 +0100 (Wed, 05 Dec 2007) | 1 line

  Error checking was too aggressive (reported by Chris Tismer)
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  r59359 | georg.brandl | 2007-12-05 19:30:48 +0100 (Wed, 05 Dec 2007) | 2 lines

  Add examples to re docs. Written for GHOP by Dan Finnie.
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  r59366 | georg.brandl | 2007-12-05 20:49:21 +0100 (Wed, 05 Dec 2007) | 2 lines

  Fix markup.
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  r59367 | christian.heimes | 2007-12-05 20:57:54 +0100 (Wed, 05 Dec 2007) | 1 line

  Updated documentation and build_tkinter.py script
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  r59368 | georg.brandl | 2007-12-05 21:03:57 +0100 (Wed, 05 Dec 2007) | 2 lines

  Another markup fix.
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  r59369 | ronald.oussoren | 2007-12-05 21:07:36 +0100 (Wed, 05 Dec 2007) | 7 lines

  This "fixes" compilation issues for the Carbon._OSA module on OSX Leopard
  by purging bindings to OSA's debug API's. Those APIs we're completely
  unsupported on OSX 10.4 and are no longer available on OSX 10.5.

  Note that this patches a generated file. This is somewhat acceptable because
  regenerating the file is non-trivial and wouldn't use system headers anyway.
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  r59370 | christian.heimes | 2007-12-05 21:10:38 +0100 (Wed, 05 Dec 2007) | 1 line

  Fixed bug #1557 by using popen.communicate() before popen.wait()
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This commit is contained in:
Christian Heimes 2007-12-05 20:18:38 +00:00
parent a5ea385bcf
commit b9eccbfe2a
14 changed files with 509 additions and 403 deletions

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@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ docs@python.org), and we'll be glad to correct the problem.
* Carey Evans
* Martijn Faassen
* Carl Feynman
* Dan Finnie
* Hernán Martínez Foffani
* Stefan Franke
* Jim Fulton

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@ -63,9 +63,9 @@ objects.
The following functions are for runtime dynamic embedding of Python:
``Py_IncRef(PyObject \*o)``, `Py_DecRef(PyObject \*o)``. They are simply
exported function versions of :cfunc:`Py_XINCREF` and :cfunc:`Py_XDECREF`,
respectively.
``Py_IncRef(PyObject *o)``, ``Py_DecRef(PyObject *o)``. They are
simply exported function versions of :cfunc:`Py_XINCREF` and
:cfunc:`Py_XDECREF`, respectively.
The following functions or macros are only for use within the interpreter core:
:cfunc:`_Py_Dealloc`, :cfunc:`_Py_ForgetReference`, :cfunc:`_Py_NewReference`,

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@ -183,8 +183,8 @@ directories renamed as follows:
* :file:`ext` -> :file:`extending`
* :file:`inst` -> :file:`installing`
* :file:`lib` -> :file:`library`
* :file:`mac` -> merged into :file:`library`, with `mac/using.tex`
moved to `howto/pythonmac.rst`
* :file:`mac` -> merged into :file:`library`, with :file:`mac/using.tex`
moved to :file:`howto/pythonmac.rst`
* :file:`ref` -> :file:`reference`
* :file:`tut` -> :file:`tutorial`, with the single TeX file split up

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@ -43,8 +43,6 @@ using the :class:`DictReader` and :class:`DictWriter` classes.
.. seealso::
.. % \seemodule{array}{Arrays of uniformly types numeric values.}
:pep:`305` - CSV File API
The Python Enhancement Proposal which proposed this addition to Python.
@ -83,6 +81,15 @@ The :mod:`csv` module defines the following functions:
consequence, if newlines embedded within fields are important, the input should
be split into lines in a manner which preserves the newline characters.
A short usage example::
>>> import csv
>>> spamReader = csv.reader(open('eggs.csv'), delimiter=' ', quotechar='|')
>>> for row in spamReader:
... print ', '.join(row)
Spam, Spam, Spam, Spam, Spam, Baked Beans
Spam, Lovely Spam, Wonderful Spam
.. function:: writer(csvfile[, dialect='excel'][, fmtparam])
@ -103,6 +110,14 @@ The :mod:`csv` module defines the following functions:
CSV files without preprocessing the data returned from a ``cursor.fetch*`` call.
All other non-string data are stringified with :func:`str` before being written.
A short usage example::
>>> import csv
>>> spamWriter = csv.writer(open('eggs.csv', 'w'), delimiter=' ',
... quotechar='|', quoting=QUOTE_MINIMAL)
>>> spamWriter.writerow(['Spam'] * 5 + ['Baked Beans'])
>>> spamWriter.writerow(['Spam', 'Lovely Spam', 'Wonderful Spam'])
.. function:: register_dialect(name[, dialect][, fmtparam])

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@ -45,30 +45,23 @@ The :mod:`pprint` module defines one class:
structure cannot be formatted within the constrained width, a best effort will
be made. ::
>>> import pprint, sys
>>> stuff = sys.path[:]
>>> import pprint
>>> stuff = ['spam', 'eggs', 'lumberjack', 'knights', 'ni']
>>> stuff.insert(0, stuff[:])
>>> pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(indent=4)
>>> pp.pprint(stuff)
[ [ '',
'/usr/local/lib/python1.5',
'/usr/local/lib/python1.5/test',
'/usr/local/lib/python1.5/sunos5',
'/usr/local/lib/python1.5/sharedmodules',
'/usr/local/lib/python1.5/tkinter'],
'',
'/usr/local/lib/python1.5',
'/usr/local/lib/python1.5/test',
'/usr/local/lib/python1.5/sunos5',
'/usr/local/lib/python1.5/sharedmodules',
'/usr/local/lib/python1.5/tkinter']
>>>
>>> import parser
>>> tup = parser.ast2tuple(
... parser.suite(open('pprint.py').read()))[1][1][1]
[ ['spam', 'eggs', 'lumberjack', 'knights', 'ni'],
'spam',
'eggs',
'lumberjack',
'knights',
'ni']
>>> tup = ('spam', ('eggs', ('lumberjack', ('knights', ('ni', ('dead',
... ('parrot', ('fresh fruit',))))))))
>>> pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(depth=6)
>>> pp.pprint(tup)
(266, (267, (307, (287, (288, (...))))))
('spam',
('eggs', ('lumberjack', ('knights', ('ni', ('dead', ('parrot', (...,))))))))
The :class:`PrettyPrinter` class supports several derivative functions:
@ -91,7 +84,8 @@ The :class:`PrettyPrinter` class supports several derivative functions:
within a scope). *indent*, *width* and *depth* will be passed to the
:class:`PrettyPrinter` constructor as formatting parameters. ::
>>> stuff = sys.path[:]
>>> import pprint
>>> stuff = ['spam', 'eggs', 'lumberjack', 'knights', 'ni']
>>> stuff.insert(0, stuff)
>>> pprint.pprint(stuff)
[<Recursion on list with id=869440>,
@ -200,3 +194,40 @@ are converted to strings. The default implementation uses the internals of the
is no requested limit. This argument should be passed unmodified to recursive
calls. The fourth argument, *level*, gives the current level; recursive calls
should be passed a value less than that of the current call.
.. _pprint-example:
pprint Example
--------------
This example demonstrates several uses of the :func:`pprint` function and its parameters.
>>> import pprint
>>> tup = ('spam', ('eggs', ('lumberjack', ('knights', ('ni', ('dead',
... ('parrot', ('fresh fruit',))))))))
>>> stuff = ['a' * 10, tup, ['a' * 30, 'b' * 30], ['c' * 20, 'd' * 20]]
>>> pprint.pprint(stuff)
['aaaaaaaaaa',
('spam',
('eggs',
('lumberjack',
('knights', ('ni', ('dead', ('parrot', ('fresh fruit',)))))))),
['aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa', 'bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb'],
['cccccccccccccccccccc', 'dddddddddddddddddddd']]
>>> pprint.pprint(stuff, depth=3)
['aaaaaaaaaa',
('spam', ('eggs', ('lumberjack', (...)))),
['aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa', 'bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb'],
['cccccccccccccccccccc', 'dddddddddddddddddddd']]
>>> pprint.pprint(stuff, width=60)
['aaaaaaaaaa',
('spam',
('eggs',
('lumberjack',
('knights',
('ni', ('dead', ('parrot', ('fresh fruit',)))))))),
['aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa',
'bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb'],
['cccccccccccccccccccc', 'dddddddddddddddddddd']]

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@ -31,6 +31,11 @@ prefixed with ``'r'``. So ``r"\n"`` is a two-character string containing
newline. Usually patterns will be expressed in Python code using this raw
string notation.
It is important to note that most regular expression operations are available as
module-level functions and :class:`RegexObject` methods. The functions are
shortcuts that don't require you to compile a regex object first, but miss some
fine-tuning parameters.
.. seealso::
Mastering Regular Expressions
@ -407,11 +412,9 @@ argument regardless of whether a newline precedes it.
::
re.compile("a").match("ba", 1) # succeeds
re.compile("^a").search("ba", 1) # fails; 'a' not at start
re.compile("^a").search("\na", 1) # fails; 'a' not at start
re.compile("^a", re.M).search("\na", 1) # succeeds
re.compile("^a", re.M).search("ba", 1) # fails; no preceding \n
>>> re.match("c", "abcdef") # No match
>>> re.search("c", "abcdef")
<_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x827e9c0> # Match
.. _contents-of-module-re:
@ -501,12 +504,13 @@ form.
character class or preceded by an unescaped backslash, all characters from the
leftmost such ``'#'`` through the end of the line are ignored.
This means that the two following regular expression objects are equal::
That means that the two following regular expression objects that match a
decimal number are functionally equal::
re.compile(r""" [a-z]+ # some letters
\.\. # two dots
[a-z]* # perhaps more letters""")
re.compile(r"[a-z]+\.\.[a-z]*")
a = re.compile(r"""\d + # the integral part
\. # the decimal point
\d * # some fractional digits""", re.X)
b = re.compile(r"\d+\.\d*")
.. function:: search(pattern, string[, flags])
@ -527,7 +531,8 @@ form.
.. note::
If you want to locate a match anywhere in *string*, use :meth:`search` instead.
If you want to locate a match anywhere in *string*, use :meth:`search`
instead.
.. function:: split(pattern, string[, maxsplit=0])
@ -655,7 +660,8 @@ attributes:
.. note::
If you want to locate a match anywhere in *string*, use :meth:`search` instead.
If you want to locate a match anywhere in *string*, use :meth:`search`
instead.
The optional second parameter *pos* gives an index in the string where the
search is to start; it defaults to ``0``. This is not completely equivalent to
@ -668,7 +674,12 @@ attributes:
from *pos* to ``endpos - 1`` will be searched for a match. If *endpos* is less
than *pos*, no match will be found, otherwise, if *rx* is a compiled regular
expression object, ``rx.match(string, 0, 50)`` is equivalent to
``rx.match(string[:50], 0)``.
``rx.match(string[:50], 0)``. ::
>>> pattern = re.compile("o")
>>> pattern.match("dog") # No match as "o" is not at the start of "dog."
>>> pattern.match("dog", 1) # Match as "o" is the 2nd character of "dog".
<_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x827eb10>
.. method:: RegexObject.search(string[, pos[, endpos]])
@ -756,7 +767,17 @@ support the following methods and attributes:
pattern, an :exc:`IndexError` exception is raised. If a group is contained in a
part of the pattern that did not match, the corresponding result is ``None``.
If a group is contained in a part of the pattern that matched multiple times,
the last match is returned.
the last match is returned. ::
>>> m = re.match(r"(\w+) (\w+)", "Isaac Newton, physicist")
>>> m.group(0)
'Isaac Newton' # The entire match
>>> m.group(1)
'Isaac' # The first parenthesized subgroup.
>>> m.group(2)
'Newton' # The second parenthesized subgroup.
>>> m.group(1, 2)
('Isaac', 'Newton') # Multiple arguments give us a tuple.
If the regular expression uses the ``(?P<name>...)`` syntax, the *groupN*
arguments may also be strings identifying groups by their group name. If a
@ -765,10 +786,23 @@ support the following methods and attributes:
A moderately complicated example::
m = re.match(r"(?P<int>\d+)\.(\d*)", '3.14')
>>> m = re.match(r"(?P<first_name>\w+) (?P<last_name>\w+)", "Malcom Reynolds")
>>> m.group('first_name')
'Malcom'
>>> m.group('last_name')
'Reynolds'
After performing this match, ``m.group(1)`` is ``'3'``, as is
``m.group('int')``, and ``m.group(2)`` is ``'14'``.
Named groups can also be referred to by their index::
>>> m.group(1)
'Malcom'
>>> m.group(2)
'Reynolds'
If a group matches multiple times, only the last match is accessible::
>>> m = re.match(r"(..)+", "a1b2c3") # Matches 3 times.
>>> m.group(1) # Returns only the last match.
'c3'
.. method:: MatchObject.groups([default])
@ -780,12 +814,32 @@ support the following methods and attributes:
string would be returned instead. In later versions (from 1.5.1 on), a
singleton tuple is returned in such cases.)
For example::
>>> m = re.match(r"(\d+)\.(\d+)", "24.1632")
>>> m.groups()
('24', '1632')
If we make the decimal place and everything after it optional, not all groups
might participate in the match. These groups will default to ``None`` unless
the *default* argument is given::
>>> m = re.match(r"(\d+)\.?(\d+)?", "24")
>>> m.groups()
('24', None) # Second group defaults to None.
>>> m.groups('0')
('24', '0') # Now, the second group defaults to '0'.
.. method:: MatchObject.groupdict([default])
Return a dictionary containing all the *named* subgroups of the match, keyed by
the subgroup name. The *default* argument is used for groups that did not
participate in the match; it defaults to ``None``.
participate in the match; it defaults to ``None``. For example::
>>> m = re.match(r"(?P<first_name>\w+) (?P<last_name>\w+)", "Malcom Reynolds")
>>> m.groupdict()
{'first_name': 'Malcom', 'last_name': 'Reynolds'}
.. method:: MatchObject.start([group])
@ -804,12 +858,19 @@ support the following methods and attributes:
``m.start(0)`` is 1, ``m.end(0)`` is 2, ``m.start(1)`` and ``m.end(1)`` are both
2, and ``m.start(2)`` raises an :exc:`IndexError` exception.
An example that will remove *remove_this* from email addresses::
>>> email = "tony@tiremove_thisger.net"
>>> m = re.search("remove_this", email)
>>> email[:m.start()] + email[m.end():]
'tony@tiger.net'
.. method:: MatchObject.span([group])
For :class:`MatchObject` *m*, return the 2-tuple ``(m.start(group),
m.end(group))``. Note that if *group* did not contribute to the match, this is
``(-1, -1)``. Again, *group* defaults to zero.
``(-1, -1)``. *group* defaults to zero, the entire match.
.. attribute:: MatchObject.pos
@ -855,7 +916,62 @@ support the following methods and attributes:
Examples
--------
**Simulating scanf()**
Checking For a Pair
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
In this example, we'll use the following helper function to display match
objects a little more gracefully::
def displaymatch(match):
if match is None:
return None
return '<Match: %r, groups=%r>' % (match.group(), match.groups())
Suppose you are writing a poker program where a player's hand is represented as
a 5-character string with each character representing a card, "a" for ace, "k"
for king, "q" for queen, j for jack, "0" for 10, and "1" through "9"
representing the card with that value.
To see if a given string is a valid hand, one could do the following::
>>> valid = re.compile(r"[0-9akqj]{5}$"
>>> displaymatch(valid.match("ak05q")) # Valid.
<Match: 'ak05q', groups=()>
>>> displaymatch(valid.match("ak05e")) # Invalid.
>>> displaymatch(valid.match("ak0")) # Invalid.
>>> displaymatch(valid.match("727ak")) # Valid.
<Match: '727ak', groups=()>
That last hand, ``"727ak"``, contained a pair, or two of the same valued cards.
To match this with a regular expression, one could use backreferences as such::
>>> pair = re.compile(r".*(.).*\1")
>>> displaymatch(pair.match("717ak")) # Pair of 7s.
<Match: '717', groups=('7',)>
>>> displaymatch(pair.match("718ak")) # No pairs.
>>> displaymatch(pair.match("354aa")) # Pair of aces.
<Match: '345aa', groups=('a',)>
To find out what card the pair consists of, one could use the :func:`group`
method of :class:`MatchObject` in the following manner::
>>> pair.match("717ak").group(1)
'7'
# Error because re.match() returns None, which doesn't have a group() method:
>>> pair.match("718ak").group(1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#23>", line 1, in <module>
re.match(r".*(.).*\1", "718ak").group(1)
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'group'
>>> pair.match("354aa").group(1)
'a'
Simulating scanf()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.. index:: single: scanf()
@ -899,7 +1015,9 @@ The equivalent regular expression would be ::
(\S+) - (\d+) errors, (\d+) warnings
**Avoiding recursion**
Avoiding recursion
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
If you create regular expressions that require the engine to perform a lot of
recursion, you may encounter a :exc:`RuntimeError` exception with the message
@ -921,3 +1039,148 @@ avoid recursion. Thus, the above regular expression can avoid recursion by
being recast as ``Begin [a-zA-Z0-9_ ]*?end``. As a further benefit, such
regular expressions will run faster than their recursive equivalents.
search() vs. match()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
In a nutshell, :func:`match` only attempts to match a pattern at the beginning
of a string where :func:`search` will match a pattern anywhere in a string.
For example::
>>> re.match("o", "dog") # No match as "o" is not the first letter of "dog".
>>> re.search("o", "dog") # Match as search() looks everywhere in the string.
<_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x827e9f8>
.. note::
The following applies only to regular expression objects like those created
with ``re.compile("pattern")``, not the primitives
``re.match(pattern, string)`` or ``re.search(pattern, string)``.
:func:`match` has an optional second parameter that gives an index in the string
where the search is to start::
>>> pattern = re.compile("o")
>>> pattern.match("dog") # No match as "o" is not at the start of "dog."
# Equivalent to the above expression as 0 is the default starting index:
>>> pattern.match("dog", 0)
# Match as "o" is the 2nd character of "dog" (index 0 is the first):
>>> pattern.match("dog", 1)
<_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x827eb10>
>>> pattern.match("dog", 2) # No match as "o" is not the 3rd character of "dog."
Making a Phonebook
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
:func:`split` splits a string into a list delimited by the passed pattern. The
method is invaluable for converting textual data into data structures that can be
easily read and modified by Python as demonstrated in the following example that
creates a phonebook.
First, get the input using triple-quoted string syntax::
>>> input = """Ross McFluff 834.345.1254 155 Elm Street
Ronald Heathmore 892.345.3428 436 Finley Avenue
Frank Burger 925.541.7625 662 South Dogwood Way
Heather Albrecht 548.326.4584 919 Park Place"""
Then, convert the string into a list with each line having its own entry::
>>> entries = re.split("\n", input)
>>> entries
['Ross McFluff 834.345.1254 155 Elm Street',
'Ronald Heathmore 892.345.3428 436 Finley Avenue',
'Frank Burger 925.541.7625 662 South Dogwood Way',
'Heather Albrecht 548.326.4584 919 Park Place']
Finally, split each entry into a list with first name, last name, telephone
number, and address. We use the ``maxsplit`` paramater of :func:`split`
because the address has spaces, our splitting pattern, in it::
>>> [re.split(" ", entry, 3) for entry in entries]
[['Ross', 'McFluff', '834.345.1254', '155 Elm Street'],
['Ronald', 'Heathmore', '892.345.3428', '436 Finley Avenue'],
['Frank', 'Burger', '925.541.7625', '662 South Dogwood Way'],
['Heather', 'Albrecht', '548.326.4584', '919 Park Place']]
With a ``maxsplit`` of ``4``, we could seperate the house number from the street
name::
>>> [re.split(" ", entry, 4) for entry in entries]
[['Ross', 'McFluff', '834.345.1254', '155', 'Elm Street'],
['Ronald', 'Heathmore', '892.345.3428', '436', 'Finley Avenue'],
['Frank', 'Burger', '925.541.7625', '662', 'South Dogwood Way'],
['Heather', 'Albrecht', '548.326.4584', '919', 'Park Place']]
Text Munging
^^^^^^^^^^^^
:func:`sub` replaces every occurrence of a pattern with a string or the
result of a function. This example demonstrates using :func:`sub` with
a function to "munge" text, or randomize the order of all the characters
in each word of a sentence except for the first and last characters::
>>> def repl(m):
... inner_word = list(m.group(2))
... random.shuffle(inner_word)
... return m.group(1) + "".join(inner_word) + m.group(3)
>>> text = "Professor Abdolmalek, please report your absences promptly."
>>> re.sub("(\w)(\w+)(\w)", repl, text)
'Poefsrosr Aealmlobdk, pslaee reorpt your abnseces plmrptoy.'
>>> re.sub("(\w)(\w+)(\w)", repl, text)
'Pofsroser Aodlambelk, plasee reoprt yuor asnebces potlmrpy.'
Finding all Adverbs
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
:func:`findall` matches *all* occurences of a pattern, not just the first
one as :func:`search` does. For example, if one was a writer and wanted to
find all of the adverbs in some text, he or she might use :func:`findall` in
the following manner::
>>> text = "He was carefully disguised but captured quickly by police."
>>> re.findall(r"\w+ly", text)
['carefully', 'quickly']
Finding all Adverbs and their Positions
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
If one wants more information about all matches of a pattern than the matched
text, :func:`finditer` is useful as it provides instances of
:class:`MatchObject` instead of strings. Continuing with the previous example,
if one was a writer who wanted to find all of the adverbs *and their positions*
in some text, he or she would use :func:`finditer` in the following manner::
>>> text = "He was carefully disguised but captured quickly by police."
>>> for m in re.finditer(r"\w+ly", text):
print '%02d-%02d: %s' % (m.start(), m.end(), m.group(0))
07-16: carefully
40-47: quickly
Raw String Notation
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Raw string notation (``r"text"``) keeps regular expressions sane. Without it,
every backslash (``'\'``) in a regular expression would have to be prefixed with
another one to escape it. For example, the two following lines of code are
functionally identical::
>>> re.match(r"\W(.)\1\W", " ff ")
<_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x8262760>
>>> re.match("\\W(.)\\1\\W", " ff ")
<_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x82627a0>
When one wants to match a literal backslash, it must be escaped in the regular
expression. With raw string notation, this means ``r"\\"``. Without raw string
notation, one must use ``"\\\\"``, making the following lines of code
functionally identical::
>>> re.match(r"\\", r"\\")
<_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x827eb48>
>>> re.match("\\\\", r"\\")
<_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x827ec60>

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@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ The module defines the following functions:
.. _traceback-example:
Traceback Example
-----------------
Traceback Examples
------------------
This simple example implements a basic read-eval-print loop, similar to (but
less useful than) the standard Python interactive interpreter loop. For a more
@ -156,3 +156,124 @@ module. ::
while True:
run_user_code(envdir)
The following example demonstrates the different ways to print and format the
exception and traceback::
import sys, traceback
def lumberjack():
bright_side_of_death()
def bright_side_of_death():
return tuple()[0]
try:
lumberjack()
except:
exceptionType, exceptionValue, exceptionTraceback = sys.exc_info()
print "*** print_tb:"
traceback.print_tb(exceptionTraceback, limit=1, file=sys.stdout)
print "*** print_exception:"
traceback.print_exception(exceptionType, exceptionValue, exceptionTraceback,
limit=2, file=sys.stdout)
print "*** print_exc:"
traceback.print_exc()
print "*** format_exc, first and last line:"
formatted_lines = traceback.format_exc().splitlines()
print formatted_lines[0]
print formatted_lines[-1]
print "*** format_exception:"
print repr(traceback.format_exception(exceptionType, exceptionValue,
exceptionTraceback))
print "*** extract_tb:"
print repr(traceback.extract_tb(exceptionTraceback))
print "*** format_tb:"
print repr(traceback.format_tb(exceptionTraceback))
print "*** tb_lineno:", traceback.tb_lineno(exceptionTraceback)
print "*** print_last:"
traceback.print_last()
The output for the example would look similar to this::
*** print_tb:
File "<doctest>", line 9, in <module>
lumberjack()
*** print_exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<doctest>", line 9, in <module>
lumberjack()
File "<doctest>", line 3, in lumberjack
bright_side_of_death()
IndexError: tuple index out of range
*** print_exc:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<doctest>", line 9, in <module>
lumberjack()
File "<doctest>", line 3, in lumberjack
bright_side_of_death()
IndexError: tuple index out of range
*** format_exc, first and last line:
Traceback (most recent call last):
IndexError: tuple index out of range
*** format_exception:
['Traceback (most recent call last):\n',
' File "<doctest>", line 9, in <module>\n lumberjack()\n',
' File "<doctest>", line 3, in lumberjack\n bright_side_of_death()\n',
' File "<doctest>", line 6, in bright_side_of_death\n return tuple()[0]\n',
'IndexError: tuple index out of range\n']
*** extract_tb:
[('<doctest>', 9, '<module>', 'lumberjack()'),
('<doctest>', 3, 'lumberjack', 'bright_side_of_death()'),
('<doctest>', 6, 'bright_side_of_death', 'return tuple()[0]')]
*** format_tb:
[' File "<doctest>", line 9, in <module>\n lumberjack()\n',
' File "<doctest>", line 3, in lumberjack\n bright_side_of_death()\n',
' File "<doctest>", line 6, in bright_side_of_death\n return tuple()[0]\n']
*** tb_lineno: 2
*** print_last:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<doctest>", line 9, in <module>
lumberjack()
File "<doctest>", line 3, in lumberjack
bright_side_of_death()
IndexError: tuple index out of range
The following example shows the different ways to print and format the stack::
>>> import traceback
>>> def another_function():
... lumberstack()
...
>>> def lumberstack():
... traceback.print_stack()
... print repr(traceback.extract_stack())
... print repr(traceback.format_stack())
...
>>> another_function()
File "<doctest>", line 10, in <module>
another_function()
File "<doctest>", line 3, in another_function
lumberstack()
File "<doctest>", line 6, in lumberstack
traceback.print_stack()
[('<doctest>', 10, '<module>', 'another_function()'),
('<doctest>', 3, 'another_function', 'lumberstack()'),
('<doctest>', 7, 'lumberstack', 'print repr(traceback.extract_stack())')]
[' File "<doctest>", line 10, in <module>\n another_function()\n',
' File "<doctest>", line 3, in another_function\n lumberstack()\n',
' File "<doctest>", line 8, in lumberstack\n print repr(traceback.format_stack())\n']
This last example demonstrates the final few formatting functions::
>>> import traceback
>>> format_list([('spam.py', 3, '<module>', 'spam.eggs()'),
... ('eggs.py', 42, 'eggs', 'return "bacon"')])
[' File "spam.py", line 3, in <module>\n spam.eggs()\n',
' File "eggs.py", line 42, in eggs\n return "bacon"\n']
>>> theError = IndexError('tuple indx out of range')
>>> traceback.format_exception_only(type(theError), theError)
['IndexError: tuple index out of range\n']

View File

@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def namedtuple(typename, field_names, verbose=False):
field_names = field_names.replace(',', ' ').split() # names separated by whitespace and/or commas
field_names = tuple(field_names)
for name in (typename,) + field_names:
if not name.replace('_', '').isalnum():
if not all(c.isalnum() or c=='_' for c in name):
raise ValueError('Type names and field names can only contain alphanumeric characters and underscores: %r' % name)
if _iskeyword(name):
raise ValueError('Type names and field names cannot be a keyword: %r' % name)
@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def namedtuple(typename, field_names, verbose=False):
raise ValueError('Type names and field names cannot start with a number: %r' % name)
seen_names = set()
for name in field_names:
if name.startswith('__') and name.endswith('__'):
if name.startswith('__') and name.endswith('__') and len(name) > 3:
raise ValueError('Field names cannot start and end with double underscores: %r' % name)
if name in seen_names:
raise ValueError('Encountered duplicate field name: %r' % name)

View File

@ -254,10 +254,13 @@ def query_vcvarsall(version, arch="x86"):
popen = subprocess.Popen('"%s" %s & set' % (vcvarsall, arch),
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
if popen.wait() != 0:
raise IOError(popen.stderr.read())
for line in popen.stdout:
stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
if popen.wait() != 0:
raise IOError(stderr.decode("mbcs"))
stdout = stdout.decode("mbcs")
for line in stdout.split("\n"):
line = Reg.convert_mbcs(line)
if '=' not in line:
continue

View File

@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ class TestNamedTuple(unittest.TestCase):
self.assertRaises(ValueError, namedtuple, 'abc', 'efg efg ghi') # duplicate field
namedtuple('Point0', 'x1 y2') # Verify that numbers are allowed in names
namedtuple('_', '_ __ ___') # Verify that underscores are allowed
def test_instance(self):
Point = namedtuple('Point', 'x y')

View File

@ -726,314 +726,6 @@ static PyObject *OSAObj_OSAMakeContext(OSAComponentInstanceObject *_self, PyObje
return _res;
}
static PyObject *OSAObj_OSADebuggerCreateSession(OSAComponentInstanceObject *_self, PyObject *_args)
{
PyObject *_res = NULL;
OSAError _err;
OSAID inScript;
OSAID inContext;
OSADebugSessionRef outSession;
#ifndef OSADebuggerCreateSession
PyMac_PRECHECK(OSADebuggerCreateSession);
#endif
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(_args, "ll",
&inScript,
&inContext))
return NULL;
_err = OSADebuggerCreateSession(_self->ob_itself,
inScript,
inContext,
&outSession);
if (_err != noErr) return PyMac_Error(_err);
_res = Py_BuildValue("l",
outSession);
return _res;
}
static PyObject *OSAObj_OSADebuggerGetSessionState(OSAComponentInstanceObject *_self, PyObject *_args)
{
PyObject *_res = NULL;
OSAError _err;
OSADebugSessionRef inSession;
AERecord outState;
#ifndef OSADebuggerGetSessionState
PyMac_PRECHECK(OSADebuggerGetSessionState);
#endif
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(_args, "l",
&inSession))
return NULL;
_err = OSADebuggerGetSessionState(_self->ob_itself,
inSession,
&outState);
if (_err != noErr) return PyMac_Error(_err);
_res = Py_BuildValue("O&",
AEDesc_New, &outState);
return _res;
}
static PyObject *OSAObj_OSADebuggerSessionStep(OSAComponentInstanceObject *_self, PyObject *_args)
{
PyObject *_res = NULL;
OSAError _err;
OSADebugSessionRef inSession;
OSADebugStepKind inKind;
#ifndef OSADebuggerSessionStep
PyMac_PRECHECK(OSADebuggerSessionStep);
#endif
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(_args, "ll",
&inSession,
&inKind))
return NULL;
_err = OSADebuggerSessionStep(_self->ob_itself,
inSession,
inKind);
if (_err != noErr) return PyMac_Error(_err);
Py_INCREF(Py_None);
_res = Py_None;
return _res;
}
static PyObject *OSAObj_OSADebuggerDisposeSession(OSAComponentInstanceObject *_self, PyObject *_args)
{
PyObject *_res = NULL;
OSAError _err;
OSADebugSessionRef inSession;
#ifndef OSADebuggerDisposeSession
PyMac_PRECHECK(OSADebuggerDisposeSession);
#endif
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(_args, "l",
&inSession))
return NULL;
_err = OSADebuggerDisposeSession(_self->ob_itself,
inSession);
if (_err != noErr) return PyMac_Error(_err);
Py_INCREF(Py_None);
_res = Py_None;
return _res;
}
static PyObject *OSAObj_OSADebuggerGetStatementRanges(OSAComponentInstanceObject *_self, PyObject *_args)
{
PyObject *_res = NULL;
OSAError _err;
OSADebugSessionRef inSession;
AEDescList outStatementRangeArray;
#ifndef OSADebuggerGetStatementRanges
PyMac_PRECHECK(OSADebuggerGetStatementRanges);
#endif
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(_args, "l",
&inSession))
return NULL;
_err = OSADebuggerGetStatementRanges(_self->ob_itself,
inSession,
&outStatementRangeArray);
if (_err != noErr) return PyMac_Error(_err);
_res = Py_BuildValue("O&",
AEDesc_New, &outStatementRangeArray);
return _res;
}
static PyObject *OSAObj_OSADebuggerGetBreakpoint(OSAComponentInstanceObject *_self, PyObject *_args)
{
PyObject *_res = NULL;
OSAError _err;
OSADebugSessionRef inSession;
UInt32 inSrcOffset;
OSAID outBreakpoint;
#ifndef OSADebuggerGetBreakpoint
PyMac_PRECHECK(OSADebuggerGetBreakpoint);
#endif
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(_args, "ll",
&inSession,
&inSrcOffset))
return NULL;
_err = OSADebuggerGetBreakpoint(_self->ob_itself,
inSession,
inSrcOffset,
&outBreakpoint);
if (_err != noErr) return PyMac_Error(_err);
_res = Py_BuildValue("l",
outBreakpoint);
return _res;
}
static PyObject *OSAObj_OSADebuggerSetBreakpoint(OSAComponentInstanceObject *_self, PyObject *_args)
{
PyObject *_res = NULL;
OSAError _err;
OSADebugSessionRef inSession;
UInt32 inSrcOffset;
OSAID inBreakpoint;
#ifndef OSADebuggerSetBreakpoint
PyMac_PRECHECK(OSADebuggerSetBreakpoint);
#endif
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(_args, "lll",
&inSession,
&inSrcOffset,
&inBreakpoint))
return NULL;
_err = OSADebuggerSetBreakpoint(_self->ob_itself,
inSession,
inSrcOffset,
inBreakpoint);
if (_err != noErr) return PyMac_Error(_err);
Py_INCREF(Py_None);
_res = Py_None;
return _res;
}
static PyObject *OSAObj_OSADebuggerGetDefaultBreakpoint(OSAComponentInstanceObject *_self, PyObject *_args)
{
PyObject *_res = NULL;
OSAError _err;
OSADebugSessionRef inSession;
OSAID outBreakpoint;
#ifndef OSADebuggerGetDefaultBreakpoint
PyMac_PRECHECK(OSADebuggerGetDefaultBreakpoint);
#endif
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(_args, "l",
&inSession))
return NULL;
_err = OSADebuggerGetDefaultBreakpoint(_self->ob_itself,
inSession,
&outBreakpoint);
if (_err != noErr) return PyMac_Error(_err);
_res = Py_BuildValue("l",
outBreakpoint);
return _res;
}
static PyObject *OSAObj_OSADebuggerGetCurrentCallFrame(OSAComponentInstanceObject *_self, PyObject *_args)
{
PyObject *_res = NULL;
OSAError _err;
OSADebugSessionRef inSession;
OSADebugCallFrameRef outCallFrame;
#ifndef OSADebuggerGetCurrentCallFrame
PyMac_PRECHECK(OSADebuggerGetCurrentCallFrame);
#endif
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(_args, "l",
&inSession))
return NULL;
_err = OSADebuggerGetCurrentCallFrame(_self->ob_itself,
inSession,
&outCallFrame);
if (_err != noErr) return PyMac_Error(_err);
_res = Py_BuildValue("l",
outCallFrame);
return _res;
}
static PyObject *OSAObj_OSADebuggerGetCallFrameState(OSAComponentInstanceObject *_self, PyObject *_args)
{
PyObject *_res = NULL;
OSAError _err;
OSADebugCallFrameRef inCallFrame;
AERecord outState;
#ifndef OSADebuggerGetCallFrameState
PyMac_PRECHECK(OSADebuggerGetCallFrameState);
#endif
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(_args, "l",
&inCallFrame))
return NULL;
_err = OSADebuggerGetCallFrameState(_self->ob_itself,
inCallFrame,
&outState);
if (_err != noErr) return PyMac_Error(_err);
_res = Py_BuildValue("O&",
AEDesc_New, &outState);
return _res;
}
static PyObject *OSAObj_OSADebuggerGetVariable(OSAComponentInstanceObject *_self, PyObject *_args)
{
PyObject *_res = NULL;
OSAError _err;
OSADebugCallFrameRef inCallFrame;
AEDesc inVariableName;
OSAID outVariable;
#ifndef OSADebuggerGetVariable
PyMac_PRECHECK(OSADebuggerGetVariable);
#endif
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(_args, "lO&",
&inCallFrame,
AEDesc_Convert, &inVariableName))
return NULL;
_err = OSADebuggerGetVariable(_self->ob_itself,
inCallFrame,
&inVariableName,
&outVariable);
if (_err != noErr) return PyMac_Error(_err);
_res = Py_BuildValue("l",
outVariable);
return _res;
}
static PyObject *OSAObj_OSADebuggerSetVariable(OSAComponentInstanceObject *_self, PyObject *_args)
{
PyObject *_res = NULL;
OSAError _err;
OSADebugCallFrameRef inCallFrame;
AEDesc inVariableName;
OSAID inVariable;
#ifndef OSADebuggerSetVariable
PyMac_PRECHECK(OSADebuggerSetVariable);
#endif
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(_args, "lO&l",
&inCallFrame,
AEDesc_Convert, &inVariableName,
&inVariable))
return NULL;
_err = OSADebuggerSetVariable(_self->ob_itself,
inCallFrame,
&inVariableName,
inVariable);
if (_err != noErr) return PyMac_Error(_err);
Py_INCREF(Py_None);
_res = Py_None;
return _res;
}
static PyObject *OSAObj_OSADebuggerGetPreviousCallFrame(OSAComponentInstanceObject *_self, PyObject *_args)
{
PyObject *_res = NULL;
OSAError _err;
OSADebugCallFrameRef inCurrentFrame;
OSADebugCallFrameRef outPrevFrame;
#ifndef OSADebuggerGetPreviousCallFrame
PyMac_PRECHECK(OSADebuggerGetPreviousCallFrame);
#endif
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(_args, "l",
&inCurrentFrame))
return NULL;
_err = OSADebuggerGetPreviousCallFrame(_self->ob_itself,
inCurrentFrame,
&outPrevFrame);
if (_err != noErr) return PyMac_Error(_err);
_res = Py_BuildValue("l",
outPrevFrame);
return _res;
}
static PyObject *OSAObj_OSADebuggerDisposeCallFrame(OSAComponentInstanceObject *_self, PyObject *_args)
{
PyObject *_res = NULL;
OSAError _err;
OSADebugCallFrameRef inCallFrame;
#ifndef OSADebuggerDisposeCallFrame
PyMac_PRECHECK(OSADebuggerDisposeCallFrame);
#endif
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(_args, "l",
&inCallFrame))
return NULL;
_err = OSADebuggerDisposeCallFrame(_self->ob_itself,
inCallFrame);
if (_err != noErr) return PyMac_Error(_err);
Py_INCREF(Py_None);
_res = Py_None;
return _res;
}
static PyMethodDef OSAObj_methods[] = {
{"OSALoad", (PyCFunction)OSAObj_OSALoad, 1,
PyDoc_STR("(AEDesc scriptData, long modeFlags) -> (OSAID resultingScriptID)")},
@ -1091,34 +783,6 @@ static PyMethodDef OSAObj_methods[] = {
PyDoc_STR("(AppleEvent theAppleEvent, OSAID contextID, long modeFlags) -> (AppleEvent reply)")},
{"OSAMakeContext", (PyCFunction)OSAObj_OSAMakeContext, 1,
PyDoc_STR("(AEDesc contextName, OSAID parentContext) -> (OSAID resultingContextID)")},
{"OSADebuggerCreateSession", (PyCFunction)OSAObj_OSADebuggerCreateSession, 1,
PyDoc_STR("(OSAID inScript, OSAID inContext) -> (OSADebugSessionRef outSession)")},
{"OSADebuggerGetSessionState", (PyCFunction)OSAObj_OSADebuggerGetSessionState, 1,
PyDoc_STR("(OSADebugSessionRef inSession) -> (AERecord outState)")},
{"OSADebuggerSessionStep", (PyCFunction)OSAObj_OSADebuggerSessionStep, 1,
PyDoc_STR("(OSADebugSessionRef inSession, OSADebugStepKind inKind) -> None")},
{"OSADebuggerDisposeSession", (PyCFunction)OSAObj_OSADebuggerDisposeSession, 1,
PyDoc_STR("(OSADebugSessionRef inSession) -> None")},
{"OSADebuggerGetStatementRanges", (PyCFunction)OSAObj_OSADebuggerGetStatementRanges, 1,
PyDoc_STR("(OSADebugSessionRef inSession) -> (AEDescList outStatementRangeArray)")},
{"OSADebuggerGetBreakpoint", (PyCFunction)OSAObj_OSADebuggerGetBreakpoint, 1,
PyDoc_STR("(OSADebugSessionRef inSession, UInt32 inSrcOffset) -> (OSAID outBreakpoint)")},
{"OSADebuggerSetBreakpoint", (PyCFunction)OSAObj_OSADebuggerSetBreakpoint, 1,
PyDoc_STR("(OSADebugSessionRef inSession, UInt32 inSrcOffset, OSAID inBreakpoint) -> None")},
{"OSADebuggerGetDefaultBreakpoint", (PyCFunction)OSAObj_OSADebuggerGetDefaultBreakpoint, 1,
PyDoc_STR("(OSADebugSessionRef inSession) -> (OSAID outBreakpoint)")},
{"OSADebuggerGetCurrentCallFrame", (PyCFunction)OSAObj_OSADebuggerGetCurrentCallFrame, 1,
PyDoc_STR("(OSADebugSessionRef inSession) -> (OSADebugCallFrameRef outCallFrame)")},
{"OSADebuggerGetCallFrameState", (PyCFunction)OSAObj_OSADebuggerGetCallFrameState, 1,
PyDoc_STR("(OSADebugCallFrameRef inCallFrame) -> (AERecord outState)")},
{"OSADebuggerGetVariable", (PyCFunction)OSAObj_OSADebuggerGetVariable, 1,
PyDoc_STR("(OSADebugCallFrameRef inCallFrame, AEDesc inVariableName) -> (OSAID outVariable)")},
{"OSADebuggerSetVariable", (PyCFunction)OSAObj_OSADebuggerSetVariable, 1,
PyDoc_STR("(OSADebugCallFrameRef inCallFrame, AEDesc inVariableName, OSAID inVariable) -> None")},
{"OSADebuggerGetPreviousCallFrame", (PyCFunction)OSAObj_OSADebuggerGetPreviousCallFrame, 1,
PyDoc_STR("(OSADebugCallFrameRef inCurrentFrame) -> (OSADebugCallFrameRef outPrevFrame)")},
{"OSADebuggerDisposeCallFrame", (PyCFunction)OSAObj_OSADebuggerDisposeCallFrame, 1,
PyDoc_STR("(OSADebugCallFrameRef inCallFrame) -> None")},
{NULL, NULL, 0}
};

View File

@ -12,12 +12,10 @@ import shutil
here = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
par = os.path.pardir
#TCL = "tcl8.4.16"
#TIX = "Tix8.4.2"
#TK = "tk8.4.16"
TCL = "tcl8.4.12"
TCL = "tcl8.4.16"
TK = "tk8.4.16"
TIX = "Tix8.4.0"
TK = "tk8.4.12"
#TIX = "Tix8.4.2"
ROOT = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(here, par, par))
NMAKE = "nmake /nologo "
@ -57,9 +55,9 @@ def build(platform, clean):
if True:
os.chdir(os.path.join(ROOT, TIX, "win"))
if clean:
system(NMAKE + "/f makefile.vc clean")
system(NMAKE + "/f makefile.vc MACHINE=%s" % machine)
system(NMAKE + "/f makefile.vc INSTALL_DIR=%s install" % dest)
system(NMAKE + "/f python9.mak clean")
system(NMAKE + "/f python9.mak MACHINE=%s" % machine)
system(NMAKE + "/f python9.mak install")
def main():

View File

@ -83,10 +83,19 @@ _tkinter
svn export http://svn.python.org/projects/external/tk8.4.16
svn export http://svn.python.org/projects/external/tix-8.4.0
Build Tcl first (done here w/ MSVC 7.1 on Windows XP)
Build with build_tkinter.py
---------------------------
The PCbuild9 directory contains a Python script which automates all
steps. Run the script in a Visual Studio 2009 command prompt with
python build_tkinter.py Win32
Use x64 instead of Win32 for the x64 platform.
Build Tcl first
---------------
Use "Start -> All Programs -> Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003
-> Visual Studio .NET Tools -> Visual Studio .NET 2003 Command Prompt"
Use "Start -> All Programs -> Microsoft Visual Studio 2008
-> Visual Studio Tools -> Visual Studio 2008 Command Prompt"
to get a shell window with the correct environment settings
cd dist\tcl8.4.16\win
nmake -f makefile.vc

View File

@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ PyEval_EvalFrameEx(PyFrameObject *f, int throwflag)
next opcode.
A successful prediction saves a trip through the eval-loop including
its two unpredictable branches, the HASARG test and the switch-case.
its two unpredictable branches, the HAS_ARG test and the switch-case.
If collecting opcode statistics, turn off prediction so that
statistics are accurately maintained (the predictions bypass