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Latex formatting fixes

This commit is contained in:
Andrew M. Kuchling 2000-06-03 03:06:58 +00:00
parent fa33a4e494
commit b853ea0541
1 changed files with 29 additions and 33 deletions
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Doc/whatsnew/whatsnew20.tex
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@ -32,24 +32,26 @@ instead of the 8-bit number used by ASCII, meaning that 65,536
distinct characters can be supported.
The final interface for Unicode support was arrived at through
countless often-stormy discussions on the python-dev mailing list. A
detailed explanation of the interface is in \file{Misc/unicode.txt} in
the Python source distribution; this file is also available on the Web
at \url{http://starship.python.net/crew/lemburg/unicode-proposal.txt}.
countless often-stormy discussions on the python-dev mailing list, and
mostly implemented by Marc-Andr\'e Lemburg. A detailed explanation of
the interface is in the file
\file{Misc/unicode.txt} in the Python source distribution; it's also
available on the Web at
\url{http://starship.python.net/crew/lemburg/unicode-proposal.txt}.
This article will simply cover the most significant points from the
full interface.
In Python source code, Unicode strings are written as
\code{u"string"}. Arbitrary Unicode characters can be written using a
new escape sequence, \code{\\u\var{HHHH}}, where \var{HHHH} is a
new escape sequence, \code{\e u\var{HHHH}}, where \var{HHHH} is a
4-digit hexadecimal number from 0000 to FFFF. The existing
\code{\\x\var{HHHH}} escape sequence can also be used, and octal
\code{\e x\var{HHHH}} escape sequence can also be used, and octal
escapes can be used for characters up to U+01FF, which is represented
by \code{\\777}.
by \code{\e 777}.
Unicode strings, just like regular strings, are an immutable sequence
type, so they can be indexed and sliced. They also have an
\method{encode( \optional{encoding} )} method that returns an 8-bit
\method{encode( \optional{\var{encoding}} )} method that returns an 8-bit
string in the desired encoding. Encodings are named by strings, such
as \code{'ascii'}, \code{'utf-8'}, \code{'iso-8859-1'}, or whatever.
A codec API is defined for implementing and registering new encodings
@ -70,11 +72,9 @@ long, containing the character \var{ch}.
\item \code{ord(\var{u})}, where \var{u} is a 1-character regular or Unicode string, returns the number of the character as an integer.
\item \code{unicode(\var{string}, \optional{encoding = '\var{encoding
string}', } \optional{errors = 'strict' \textit{or} 'ignore'
\textit{or} 'replace'} ) } creates a Unicode string from an 8-bit
\item \code{unicode(\var{string}, \optional{\var{encoding},}
\optional{\var{errors}} ) } creates a Unicode string from an 8-bit
string. \code{encoding} is a string naming the encoding to use.
The \code{errors} parameter specifies the treatment of characters that
are invalid for the current encoding; passing \code{'strict'} as the
value causes an exception to be raised on any encoding error, while
@ -88,15 +88,15 @@ A new module, \module{unicodedata}, provides an interface to Unicode
character properties. For example, \code{unicodedata.category(u'A')}
returns the 2-character string 'Lu', the 'L' denoting it's a letter,
and 'u' meaning that it's uppercase.
\code{u.bidirectional(u'\x0660')} returns 'AN', meaning that U+0660 is
\code{u.bidirectional(u'\e x0660')} returns 'AN', meaning that U+0660 is
an Arabic number.
The \module{codecs} module contains coders and decoders for various
encodings, along with functions to register new encodings and look up
existing ones. Unless you want to implement a new encoding, you'll
most often use the \function{codecs.lookup(\var{encoding})} function,
which returns a 4-element tuple: \code{(\var{encode_func},
\var{decode_func}, \var{stream_reader}, \var{stream_writer}.
The \module{codecs} module contains functions to look up existing encodings
and register new ones. Unless you want to implement a
new encoding, you'll most often use the
\function{codecs.lookup(\var{encoding})} function, which returns a
4-element tuple: \code{(\var{encode_func},
\var{decode_func}, \var{stream_reader}, \var{stream_writer})}.
\begin{itemize}
\item \var{encode_func} is a function that takes a Unicode string, and
@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ installation instructions
The SIG for distribution utilities, shepherded by Greg Ward, has
created the Distutils, a system to make package installation much
easier. They form the \package{distutils} package, a new part of
easier. They form the \module{distutils} package, a new part of
Python's standard library. In the best case, installing a Python
module from source will require the same steps: first you simply mean
unpack the tarball or zip archive, and the run ``\code{python setup.py
@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ handy conveniences.
A change to syntax makes it more convenient to call a given function
with a tuple of arguments and/or a dictionary of keyword arguments.
In Python 1.5 and earlier, you do this with the \builtin{apply()}
In Python 1.5 and earlier, you do this with the \function{apply()}
built-in function: \code{apply(f, \var{args}, \var{kw})} calls the
function \function{f()} with the argument tuple \var{args} and the
keyword arguments in the dictionary \var{kw}. Thanks to a patch from
@ -380,29 +380,29 @@ def f(*args, **kw):
...
\end{verbatim}
A new format style is available when using the \operator{\%} operator.
A new format style is available when using the \code{\%} operator.
'\%r' will insert the \function{repr()} of its argument. This was
also added from symmetry considerations, this time for symmetry with
the existing '\%s' format style, which inserts the \function{str()} of
its argument. For example, \code{'%r %s' % ('abc', 'abc')} returns a
its argument. For example, \code{'\%r \%s' \% ('abc', 'abc')} returns a
string containing \verb|'abc' abc|.
The \builtin{int()} and \builtin{long()} functions now accept an
The \function{int()} and \function{long()} functions now accept an
optional ``base'' parameter when the first argument is a string.
\code{int('123', 10)} returns 123, while \code{int('123', 16)} returns
291. \code{int(123, 16)} raises a \exception{TypeError} exception
with the message ``can't convert non-string with explicit base''.
Previously there was no way to implement a class that overrode
Python's built-in \operator{in} operator and implemented a custom
Python's built-in \keyword{in} operator and implemented a custom
version. \code{\var{obj} in \var{seq}} returns true if \var{obj} is
present in the sequence \var{seq}; Python computes this by simply
trying every index of the sequence until either \var{obj} is found or
an \exception{IndexError} is encountered. Moshe Zadka contributed a
patch which adds a \method{__contains__} magic method for providing a
custom implementation for \operator{in}. Additionally, new built-in objects
can define what \operator{in} means for them via a new slot in the sequence
protocol.
custom implementation for \keyword{in}. Additionally, new built-in
objects written in C can define what \keyword{in} means for them via a
new slot in the sequence protocol.
Earlier versions of Python used a recursive algorithm for deleting
objects. Deeply nested data structures could cause the interpreter to
@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ This means you no longer have to remember to write code such as
\code{if type(obj) == myExtensionClass}, but can use the more natural
\code{if isinstance(obj, myExtensionClass)}.
The \file{Python/importdl.c} file, which was a mass of #ifdefs to
The \file{Python/importdl.c} file, which was a mass of \#ifdefs to
support dynamic loading on many different platforms, was cleaned up
are reorganized by Greg Stein. \file{importdl.c} is now quite small,
and platform-specific code has been moved into a bunch of
@ -533,16 +533,12 @@ XXX re - changed to be a frontend to sre
\section{New modules}
winreg - Windows registry interface.
Distutils - tools for distributing Python modules
PyExpat - interface to Expat XML parser
robotparser - parse a robots.txt file (for writing web spiders)
linuxaudio - audio for Linux
mmap - treat a file as a memory buffer
filecmp - supersedes the old cmp.py and dircmp.py modules
tabnanny - check Python sources for tab-width dependance
sre - regular expressions (fast, supports unicode)
unicode - support for unicode
codecs - support for Unicode encoders/decoders
% ======================================================================
\section{IDLE Improvements}