replace most uses of `...` by repr(...), noting that `...` is discouraged,
but convenient in interactive sessions.
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@ -2765,9 +2765,9 @@ resulting from this formatting operation.
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One question remains, of course: how do you convert values to strings?
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Luckily, Python has ways to convert any value to a string: pass it to
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the \function{repr()} or \function{str()} functions, or just write
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the value between reverse quotes (\code{``}, equivalent to
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\function{repr()}).
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the \function{repr()} or \function{str()} functions. Reverse quotes
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(\code{``}) are equivalent to \function{repr()}, but their use is
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discouraged.
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The \function{str()} function is meant to return representations of
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values which are fairly human-readable, while \function{repr()} is
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@ -2786,28 +2786,26 @@ Some examples:
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>>> s = 'Hello, world.'
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>>> str(s)
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'Hello, world.'
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>>> `s`
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>>> repr(s)
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"'Hello, world.'"
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>>> str(0.1)
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'0.1'
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>>> `0.1`
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>>> repr(0.1)
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'0.10000000000000001'
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>>> x = 10 * 3.25
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>>> y = 200 * 200
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>>> s = 'The value of x is ' + `x` + ', and y is ' + `y` + '...'
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>>> s = 'The value of x is ' + repr(x) + ', and y is ' + repr(y) + '...'
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>>> print s
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The value of x is 32.5, and y is 40000...
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>>> # Reverse quotes work on other types besides numbers:
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... p = [x, y]
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>>> ps = repr(p)
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>>> ps
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'[32.5, 40000]'
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>>> # Converting a string adds string quotes and backslashes:
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>>> # The repr() of a string adds string quotes and backslashes:
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... hello = 'hello, world\n'
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>>> hellos = `hello`
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>>> hellos = repr(hello)
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>>> print hellos
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'hello, world\n'
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>>> # The argument of reverse quotes may be a tuple:
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>>> # The argument to repr() may be any Python object:
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... repr(x, y, ('spam', 'eggs'))
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"(32.5, 40000, ('spam', 'eggs'))"
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>>> # reverse quotes are convenient in interactive sessions:
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... `x, y, ('spam', 'eggs')`
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"(32.5, 40000, ('spam', 'eggs'))"
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\end{verbatim}
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@ -2817,9 +2815,9 @@ Here are two ways to write a table of squares and cubes:
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\begin{verbatim}
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>>> import string
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>>> for x in range(1, 11):
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... print string.rjust(`x`, 2), string.rjust(`x*x`, 3),
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... print string.rjust(repr(x), 2), string.rjust(repr(x*x), 3),
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... # Note trailing comma on previous line
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... print string.rjust(`x*x*x`, 4)
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... print string.rjust(repr(x*x*x), 4)
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...
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1 1 1
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2 4 8
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@ -3357,7 +3355,7 @@ example:
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... def __init__(self, value):
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... self.value = value
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... def __str__(self):
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... return `self.value`
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... return repr(self.value)
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...
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>>> try:
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... raise MyError(2*2)
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