diff --git a/Lib/imp.py b/Lib/imp.py
index 866464b245b..31f8c766381 100644
--- a/Lib/imp.py
+++ b/Lib/imp.py
@@ -142,17 +142,16 @@ class _HackedGetData:
     def get_data(self, path):
         """Gross hack to contort loader to deal w/ load_*()'s bad API."""
         if self.file and path == self.path:
+            # The contract of get_data() requires us to return bytes. Reopen the
+            # file in binary mode if needed.
             if not self.file.closed:
                 file = self.file
-            else:
-                self.file = file = open(self.path, 'r')
+                if 'b' not in file.mode:
+                    file.close()
+            if self.file.closed:
+                self.file = file = open(self.path, 'rb')
 
             with file:
-                # Technically should be returning bytes, but
-                # SourceLoader.get_code() just passed what is returned to
-                # compile() which can handle str. And converting to bytes would
-                # require figuring out the encoding to decode to and
-                # tokenize.detect_encoding() only accepts bytes.
                 return file.read()
         else:
             return super().get_data(path)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_imp.py b/Lib/test/test_imp.py
index a115e60d4e4..bb0144b12d4 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_imp.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_imp.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import importlib
 import importlib.util
 import os
 import os.path
+import py_compile
 import sys
 from test import support
 from test.support import script_helper
@@ -350,6 +351,20 @@ class ImportTests(unittest.TestCase):
             res = script_helper.assert_python_ok(*args)
             self.assertEqual(res.out.strip().decode('utf-8'), expected)
 
+    def test_find_and_load_checked_pyc(self):
+        # issue 34056
+        with support.temp_cwd():
+            with open('mymod.py', 'wb') as fp:
+                fp.write(b'x = 42\n')
+            py_compile.compile(
+                'mymod.py',
+                doraise=True,
+                invalidation_mode=py_compile.PycInvalidationMode.CHECKED_HASH,
+            )
+            file, path, description = imp.find_module('mymod', path=['.'])
+            mod = imp.load_module('mymod', file, path, description)
+        self.assertEqual(mod.x, 42)
+
 
 class ReloadTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2018-07-05-22-45-46.bpo-34056.86isrU.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2018-07-05-22-45-46.bpo-34056.86isrU.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..edc0135efc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2018-07-05-22-45-46.bpo-34056.86isrU.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Ensure the loader shim created by ``imp.load_module`` always returns bytes
+from its ``get_data()`` function. This fixes using ``imp.load_module`` with
+:pep:`552` hash-based pycs.