Check in README file and one demo program
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Andrew M. Kuchling
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Sample programs that use the curses package:
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life.py Simple game of Life
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#!/usr/bin/env python
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# life.py -- A curses-based version of Conway's Game of Life.
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# Contributed by A.M. Kuchling <amk1@bigfoot.com>
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#
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# An empty board will be displayed, and the following commands are available:
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# E : Erase the board
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# R : Fill the board randomly
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# S : Step for a single generation
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# C : Update continuously until a key is struck
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# Q : Quit
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# Cursor keys : Move the cursor around the board
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# Space or Enter : Toggle the contents of the cursor's position
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#
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# TODO :
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# Support the mouse
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# Use colour if available
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# Make board updates faster
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#
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class LifeBoard:
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"""Encapsulates a Life board
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Attributes:
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X,Y : horizontal and vertical size of the board
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state : dictionary mapping (x,y) to 0 or 1
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Methods:
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display(update_board) -- If update_board is true, compute the
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next generation. Then display the state
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of the board and refresh the screen.
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erase() -- clear the entire board
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makeRandom() -- fill the board randomly
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set(y,x) -- set the given cell to Live; doesn't refresh the screen
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toggle(y,x) -- change the given cell from live to dead, or vice
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versa, and refresh the screen display
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"""
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def __init__(self, scr, char=ord('*')):
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"""Create a new LifeBoard instance.
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scr -- curses screen object to use for display
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char -- character used to render live cells (default: '*')
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"""
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self.state={} ; self.scr=scr
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Y, X = self.scr.getmaxyx()
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self.X, self.Y = X-2, Y-2-1
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self.char = char
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self.scr.clear()
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# Draw a border around the board
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border_line='+'+(self.X*'-')+'+'
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self.scr.addstr(0, 0, border_line)
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self.scr.addstr(self.Y+1,0, border_line)
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for y in range(0, self.Y):
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self.scr.addstr(1+y, 0, '|')
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self.scr.addstr(1+y, self.X+1, '|')
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self.scr.refresh()
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def set(self, y, x):
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"""Set a cell to the live state"""
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if x<0 or self.X<=x or y<0 or self.Y<=y:
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raise ValueError, "Coordinates out of range %i,%i"% (y,x)
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self.state[x,y] = 1
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def toggle(self, y, x):
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"""Toggle a cell's state between live and dead"""
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if x<0 or self.X<=x or y<0 or self.Y<=y:
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raise ValueError, "Coordinates out of range %i,%i"% (y,x)
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if self.state.has_key( (x,y) ):
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del self.state[x,y]
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self.scr.addch(y+1, x+1, ' ')
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else:
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self.state[x,y]=1
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self.scr.addch(y+1, x+1, self.char)
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self.scr.refresh()
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def erase(self):
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"""Clear the entire board and update the board display"""
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self.state={}
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self.display(update_board=0)
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def display(self, update_board=1):
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"""Display the whole board, optionally computing one generation"""
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M,N = self.X, self.Y
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if not update_board:
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for i in range(0, M):
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for j in range(0, N):
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if self.state.has_key( (i,j) ):
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self.scr.addch(j+1, i+1, self.char)
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else:
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self.scr.addch(j+1, i+1, ' ')
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self.scr.refresh()
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return
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d={} ; self.boring=1
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for i in range(0, M):
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L=range( max(0, i-1), min(M, i+2) )
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for j in range(0, N):
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s=0
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live=self.state.has_key( (i,j) )
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for k in range( max(0, j-1), min(N, j+2) ):
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for l in L:
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if self.state.has_key( (l,k) ):
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s=s+1
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s=s-live
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if s==3:
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# Birth
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d[i,j]=1
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self.scr.addch(j+1, i+1, self.char)
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if not live: self.boring=0
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elif s==2 and live: d[i,j]=1 # Survival
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elif live:
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# Death
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self.scr.addch(j+1, i+1, ' ')
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self.boring=0
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self.state=d
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self.scr.refresh()
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def makeRandom(self):
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"Fill the board with a random pattern"
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import whrandom
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self.state={}
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for i in range(0, self.X):
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for j in range(0, self.Y):
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if whrandom.random()*10>5.0: self.set(j,i)
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def erase_menu(stdscr, menu_y):
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"Clear the space where the menu resides"
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stdscr.move(menu_y, 0) ; stdscr.clrtoeol()
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stdscr.move(menu_y+1, 0) ; stdscr.clrtoeol()
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def display_menu(stdscr, menu_y):
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"Display the menu of possible keystroke commands"
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erase_menu(stdscr, menu_y)
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stdscr.addstr(menu_y, 4,
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'Use the cursor keys to move, and space or Enter to toggle a cell.')
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stdscr.addstr(menu_y+1, 4,
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'E)rase the board, R)andom fill, S)tep once or C)ontinuously, Q)uit')
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def main(stdscr):
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import string, curses
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# Clear the screen and display the menu of keys
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stdscr.clear()
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stdscr_y, stdscr_x = stdscr.getmaxyx()
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menu_y=(stdscr_y-3)-1
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display_menu(stdscr, menu_y)
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# Allocate a subwindow for the Life board and create the board object
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subwin=stdscr.subwin(stdscr_y-3, stdscr_x, 0, 0)
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board=LifeBoard(subwin, char=ord('*'))
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board.display(update_board=0)
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# xpos, ypos are the cursor's position
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xpos, ypos = board.X/2, board.Y/2
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# Main loop:
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while (1):
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stdscr.move(1+ypos, 1+xpos) # Move the cursor
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c=stdscr.getch() # Get a keystroke
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if 0<c<256:
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c=chr(c)
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if c in ' \n':
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board.toggle(ypos, xpos)
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elif c in 'Cc':
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erase_menu(stdscr, menu_y)
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stdscr.addstr(menu_y, 6, ' Hit any key to stop continuously '
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'updating the screen.')
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stdscr.refresh()
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# Activate nodelay mode; getch() will return -1
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# if no keystroke is available, instead of waiting.
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stdscr.nodelay(1)
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while (1):
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c=stdscr.getch()
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if c!=-1: break
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stdscr.addstr(0,0, '/'); stdscr.refresh()
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board.display()
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stdscr.addstr(0,0, '+'); stdscr.refresh()
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stdscr.nodelay(0) # Disable nodelay mode
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display_menu(stdscr, menu_y)
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elif c in 'Ee': board.erase()
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elif c in 'Qq': break
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elif c in 'Rr':
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board.makeRandom()
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board.display(update_board=0)
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elif c in 'Ss':
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board.display()
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else: pass # Ignore incorrect keys
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elif c==curses.KEY_UP and ypos>0: ypos=ypos-1
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elif c==curses.KEY_DOWN and ypos<board.Y-1: ypos=ypos+1
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elif c==curses.KEY_LEFT and xpos>0: xpos=xpos-1
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elif c==curses.KEY_RIGHT and xpos<board.X-1: xpos=xpos+1
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else: pass # Ignore incorrect keys
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if __name__=='__main__':
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import curses, traceback
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try:
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# Initialize curses
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stdscr=curses.initscr()
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# Turn off echoing of keys, and enter cbreak mode,
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# where no buffering is performed on keyboard input
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curses.noecho() ; curses.cbreak()
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# In keypad mode, escape sequences for special keys
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# (like the cursor keys) will be interpreted and
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# a special value like curses.KEY_LEFT will be returned
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stdscr.keypad(1)
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main(stdscr) # Enter the main loop
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# Set everything back to normal
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stdscr.keypad(0)
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curses.echo() ; curses.nocbreak()
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curses.endwin() # Terminate curses
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except:
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# In the event of an error, restore the terminal
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# to a sane state.
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stdscr.keypad(0)
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curses.echo() ; curses.nocbreak()
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curses.endwin()
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traceback.print_exc() # Print the exception
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