Merged revisions 85732,85778,85785,85853,85930,86008,86089 via svnmerge from
svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/branches/py3k ........ r85732 | alexander.belopolsky | 2010-10-19 17:07:52 -0400 (Tue, 19 Oct 2010) | 3 lines Issue #7061: Fixed some of the issues in turtle module documentation reported by Terry J. Reedy. ........ r85778 | alexander.belopolsky | 2010-10-21 14:15:39 -0400 (Thu, 21 Oct 2010) | 1 line Issue #7061: Fixed section title ........ r85785 | alexander.belopolsky | 2010-10-21 18:29:36 -0400 (Thu, 21 Oct 2010) | 1 line Fixed a typo ........ r85853 | alexander.belopolsky | 2010-10-26 23:06:43 -0400 (Tue, 26 Oct 2010) | 4 lines Issue #7061: Dropped "for Tk" from turtle module title and moved its doc section under frameworks. Also fixed a couple of markup issues that affected TOC rendering. ........ r85930 | alexander.belopolsky | 2010-10-29 13:16:49 -0400 (Fri, 29 Oct 2010) | 1 line Issue 7061: Explained 'gon' ........ r86008 | alexander.belopolsky | 2010-10-30 20:51:11 -0400 (Sat, 30 Oct 2010) | 1 line Issues #7061, #10225: Fixed doctests in turtle manual ........ r86089 | alexander.belopolsky | 2010-11-01 11:45:34 -0400 (Mon, 01 Nov 2010) | 1 line Issue #7061: Simplified a section title. ........
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@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
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.. _ast:
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:mod:`ast` --- Abstract Syntax Trees
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====================================
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Abstract Syntax Trees
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=====================
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.. module:: ast
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.. module:: ast
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:synopsis: Abstract Syntax Tree classes and manipulation.
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:synopsis: Abstract Syntax Tree classes and manipulation.
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@ -13,5 +13,6 @@ The full list of modules described in this chapter is:
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.. toctree::
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.. toctree::
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turtle.rst
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cmd.rst
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cmd.rst
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shlex.rst
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shlex.rst
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@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
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.. _debugger:
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:mod:`pdb` --- The Python Debugger
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:mod:`pdb` --- The Python Debugger
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==================================
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==================================
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@ -158,7 +156,7 @@ access further features, you have to do this yourself:
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.. _debugger-commands:
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.. _debugger-commands:
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Debugger Commands
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Debugger Commands
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=================
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-----------------
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The debugger recognizes the following commands. Most commands can be
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The debugger recognizes the following commands. Most commands can be
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abbreviated to one or two letters; e.g. ``h(elp)`` means that either ``h`` or
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abbreviated to one or two letters; e.g. ``h(elp)`` means that either ``h`` or
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@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ always available.
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Their intended use is to allow an interactive user to import a debugger module
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Their intended use is to allow an interactive user to import a debugger module
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and engage in post-mortem debugging without having to re-execute the command
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and engage in post-mortem debugging without having to re-execute the command
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that caused the error. (Typical use is ``import pdb; pdb.pm()`` to enter the
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that caused the error. (Typical use is ``import pdb; pdb.pm()`` to enter the
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post-mortem debugger; see chapter :ref:`debugger` for
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post-mortem debugger; see :mod:`pdb` module for
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more information.)
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more information.)
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The meaning of the variables is the same as that of the return values from
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The meaning of the variables is the same as that of the return values from
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@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ alternatives, see the :ref:`other-gui-packages` section.
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tkinter.ttk.rst
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tkinter.ttk.rst
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tkinter.tix.rst
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tkinter.tix.rst
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tkinter.scrolledtext.rst
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tkinter.scrolledtext.rst
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turtle.rst
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idle.rst
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idle.rst
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othergui.rst
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othergui.rst
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@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
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========================================
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=================================
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:mod:`turtle` --- Turtle graphics for Tk
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:mod:`turtle` --- Turtle graphics
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========================================
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=================================
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.. module:: turtle
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.. module:: turtle
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:synopsis: Turtle graphics for Tk
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:synopsis: An educational framework for simple graphics applications
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.. sectionauthor:: Gregor Lingl <gregor.lingl@aon.at>
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.. sectionauthor:: Gregor Lingl <gregor.lingl@aon.at>
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.. testsetup:: default
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.. testsetup:: default
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@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ The object-oriented interface uses essentially two+two classes:
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or TurtleScreen as argument, so the RawTurtle objects know where to draw.
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or TurtleScreen as argument, so the RawTurtle objects know where to draw.
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Derived from RawTurtle is the subclass :class:`Turtle` (alias: :class:`Pen`),
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Derived from RawTurtle is the subclass :class:`Turtle` (alias: :class:`Pen`),
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which draws on "the" :class:`Screen` - instance which is automatically
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which draws on "the" :class:`Screen` instance which is automatically
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created, if not already present.
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created, if not already present.
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All methods of RawTurtle/Turtle also exist as functions, i.e. part of the
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All methods of RawTurtle/Turtle also exist as functions, i.e. part of the
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@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ function derived from a Screen method is called. An (unnamed) turtle object is
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automatically created whenever any of the functions derived from a Turtle method
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automatically created whenever any of the functions derived from a Turtle method
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is called.
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is called.
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To use multiple turtles an a screen one has to use the object-oriented interface.
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To use multiple turtles on a screen one has to use the object-oriented interface.
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.. note::
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.. note::
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In the following documentation the argument list for functions is given.
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In the following documentation the argument list for functions is given.
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omitted here.
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omitted here.
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Overview over available Turtle and Screen methods
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Overview of available Turtle and Screen methods
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=================================================
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=================================================
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Turtle methods
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Turtle methods
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@ -645,8 +645,8 @@ Tell Turtle's state
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>>> turtle.forward(100)
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>>> turtle.forward(100)
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>>> turtle.pos()
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>>> turtle.pos()
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(64.28,76.60)
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(64.28,76.60)
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>>> print(turtle.xcor())
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>>> print(round(turtle.xcor(), 5))
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64.2787609687
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64.27876
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.. function:: ycor()
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.. function:: ycor()
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@ -660,8 +660,8 @@ Tell Turtle's state
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>>> turtle.forward(100)
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>>> turtle.forward(100)
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>>> print(turtle.pos())
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>>> print(turtle.pos())
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(50.00,86.60)
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(50.00,86.60)
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>>> print(turtle.ycor())
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>>> print(round(turtle.ycor(), 5))
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86.6025403784
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86.60254
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.. function:: heading()
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.. function:: heading()
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@ -714,7 +714,10 @@ Settings for measurement
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>>> turtle.left(90)
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>>> turtle.left(90)
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>>> turtle.heading()
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>>> turtle.heading()
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90.0
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90.0
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>>> turtle.degrees(400.0) # angle measurement in gon
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Change angle measurement unit to grad (also known as gon,
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grade, or gradian and equals 1/100-th of the right angle.)
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>>> turtle.degrees(400.0)
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>>> turtle.heading()
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>>> turtle.heading()
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100.0
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100.0
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>>> turtle.degrees(360)
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>>> turtle.degrees(360)
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@ -810,20 +813,16 @@ Drawing state
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>>> sorted(turtle.pen().items())
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>>> sorted(turtle.pen().items())
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[('fillcolor', 'black'), ('outline', 1), ('pencolor', 'red'),
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[('fillcolor', 'black'), ('outline', 1), ('pencolor', 'red'),
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('pendown', True), ('pensize', 10), ('resizemode', 'noresize'),
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('pendown', True), ('pensize', 10), ('resizemode', 'noresize'),
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('shown', True), ('speed', 9), ('stretchfactor', (1, 1)), ('tilt', 0)]
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('shearfactor', 0.0), ('shown', True), ('speed', 9),
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('stretchfactor', (1.0, 1.0)), ('tilt', 0.0)]
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>>> penstate=turtle.pen()
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>>> penstate=turtle.pen()
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>>> turtle.color("yellow", "")
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>>> turtle.color("yellow", "")
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>>> turtle.penup()
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>>> turtle.penup()
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>>> sorted(turtle.pen().items())
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>>> sorted(turtle.pen().items())[:3]
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[('fillcolor', ''), ('outline', 1), ('pencolor', 'yellow'),
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[('fillcolor', ''), ('outline', 1), ('pencolor', 'yellow')]
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('pendown', False), ('pensize', 10), ('resizemode', 'noresize'),
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('shown', True), ('speed', 9), ('stretchfactor', (1, 1)), ('tilt', 0)]
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>>> turtle.pen(penstate, fillcolor="green")
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>>> turtle.pen(penstate, fillcolor="green")
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>>> sorted(turtle.pen().items())
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>>> sorted(turtle.pen().items())[:3]
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[('fillcolor', 'green'), ('outline', 1), ('pencolor', 'red'),
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[('fillcolor', 'green'), ('outline', 1), ('pencolor', 'red')]
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('pendown', True), ('pensize', 10), ('resizemode', 'noresize'),
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('shown', True), ('speed', 9), ('stretchfactor', (1, 1)), ('tilt', 0)]
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.. function:: isdown()
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.. function:: isdown()
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(0.2, 0.8, 0.5490196078431373)
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(0.2, 0.8, 0.5490196078431373)
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>>> colormode(255)
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>>> colormode(255)
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>>> turtle.pencolor()
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>>> turtle.pencolor()
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(51, 204, 140)
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(51.0, 204.0, 140.0)
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>>> turtle.pencolor('#32c18f')
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>>> turtle.pencolor('#32c18f')
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>>> turtle.pencolor()
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>>> turtle.pencolor()
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(50, 193, 143)
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(50.0, 193.0, 143.0)
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.. function:: fillcolor(*args)
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.. function:: fillcolor(*args)
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'violet'
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'violet'
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>>> col = turtle.pencolor()
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>>> col = turtle.pencolor()
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>>> col
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>>> col
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(50, 193, 143)
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(50.0, 193.0, 143.0)
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>>> turtle.fillcolor(col)
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>>> turtle.fillcolor(col)
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>>> turtle.fillcolor()
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>>> turtle.fillcolor()
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(50, 193, 143)
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(50.0, 193.0, 143.0)
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>>> turtle.fillcolor('#ffffff')
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>>> turtle.fillcolor('#ffffff')
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>>> turtle.fillcolor()
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>>> turtle.fillcolor()
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(255, 255, 255)
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(255.0, 255.0, 255.0)
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.. function:: color(*args)
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.. function:: color(*args)
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('red', 'green')
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('red', 'green')
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>>> color("#285078", "#a0c8f0")
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>>> color("#285078", "#a0c8f0")
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>>> color()
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>>> color()
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((40, 80, 120), (160, 200, 240))
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((40.0, 80.0, 120.0), (160.0, 200.0, 240.0))
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See also: Screen method :func:`colormode`.
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See also: Screen method :func:`colormode`.
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.. doctest::
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.. doctest::
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>>> turtle.shapesize()
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>>> turtle.shapesize()
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(1, 1, 1)
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(1.0, 1.0, 1)
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>>> turtle.resizemode("user")
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>>> turtle.resizemode("user")
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>>> turtle.shapesize(5, 5, 12)
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>>> turtle.shapesize(5, 5, 12)
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>>> turtle.shapesize()
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>>> turtle.shapesize()
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>>> turtle.shapesize(5,2)
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>>> turtle.shapesize(5,2)
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>>> turtle.shearfactor(0.5)
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>>> turtle.shearfactor(0.5)
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>>> turtle.shearfactor()
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>>> turtle.shearfactor()
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>>> 0.5
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0.5
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.. function:: tilt(angle)
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.. function:: tilt(angle)
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.. doctest::
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.. doctest::
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>>> turtle = Turtle()
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>>> turtle.shape("square")
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>>> turtle.shape("square")
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>>> turtle.shapesize(4,2)
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>>> turtle.shapesize(4,2)
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>>> turtle.shearfactor(-0.5)
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>>> turtle.shearfactor(-0.5)
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>>> turtle.shapetransform()
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>>> turtle.shapetransform()
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>>> (4.0, -1.0, -0.0, 2.0)
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(4.0, -1.0, -0.0, 2.0)
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.. function:: get_shapepoly()
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.. function:: get_shapepoly()
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.. _compoundshapes:
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.. _compoundshapes:
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Excursus about the use of compound shapes
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Compound shapes
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-----------------------------------------
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---------------
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To use compound turtle shapes, which consist of several polygons of different
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To use compound turtle shapes, which consist of several polygons of different
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color, you must use the helper class :class:`Shape` explicitly as described
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color, you must use the helper class :class:`Shape` explicitly as described
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:param args: a color string or three numbers in the range 0..colormode or a
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:param args: a color string or three numbers in the range 0..colormode or a
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3-tuple of such numbers
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3-tuple of such numbers
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Set or return background color of the TurtleScreen.
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Set or return background color of the TurtleScreen.
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.. doctest::
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.. doctest::
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@ -1520,7 +1521,7 @@ Window control
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'orange'
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'orange'
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>>> screen.bgcolor("#800080")
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>>> screen.bgcolor("#800080")
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>>> screen.bgcolor()
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>>> screen.bgcolor()
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(128, 0, 128)
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(128.0, 0.0, 128.0)
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.. function:: bgpic(picname=None)
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.. function:: bgpic(picname=None)
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.. note::
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.. note::
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This TurtleScreen method is available as a global function only under the
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This TurtleScreen method is available as a global function only under the
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name ``clearscreen``. The global function ``clear`` is another one
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name ``clearscreen``. The global function ``clear`` is a different one
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derived from the Turtle method ``clear``.
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derived from the Turtle method ``clear``.
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:param n: nonnegative integer
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:param n: nonnegative integer
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:param delay: nonnegative integer
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:param delay: nonnegative integer
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Turn turtle animation on/off and set delay for update drawings. If *n* is
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Turn turtle animation on/off and set delay for update drawings. If
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given, only each n-th regular screen update is really performed. (Can be
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*n* is given, only each n-th regular screen update is really
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used to accelerate the drawing of complex graphics.) Second argument sets
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performed. (Can be used to accelerate the drawing of complex
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delay value (see :func:`delay`).
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graphics.) When called without arguments, returns the currently
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stored value of n. Second argument sets delay value (see
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:func:`delay`).
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.. doctest::
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.. doctest::
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@ -1790,8 +1793,8 @@ Input methods
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:param title: string
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:param title: string
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:param prompt: string
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:param prompt: string
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:param default: number (optional)
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:param default: number (optional)
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:param prompt: number (optional)
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:param minval: number (optional)
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:param prompt: number (optional)
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:param maxval: number (optional)
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Pop up a dialog window for input of a number. title is the title of the
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Pop up a dialog window for input of a number. title is the title of the
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dialog window, prompt is a text mostly describing what numerical information
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dialog window, prompt is a text mostly describing what numerical information
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@ -1991,8 +1994,8 @@ Methods specific to Screen, not inherited from TurtleScreen
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>>> screen.title("Welcome to the turtle zoo!")
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>>> screen.title("Welcome to the turtle zoo!")
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The public classes of the module :mod:`turtle`
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Public classes
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==============================================
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==============
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.. class:: RawTurtle(canvas)
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.. class:: RawTurtle(canvas)
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@ -2323,7 +2326,7 @@ The demoscripts are:
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+----------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
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+----------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
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| round_dance | dancing turtles rotating | compound shapes, clone|
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| round_dance | dancing turtles rotating | compound shapes, clone|
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| | pairwise in opposite | shapesize, tilt, |
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| | pairwise in opposite | shapesize, tilt, |
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| | direction | get_polyshape, update |
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| | direction | get_shapepoly, update |
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+----------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
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+----------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
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| tree | a (graphical) breadth | :func:`clone` |
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| tree | a (graphical) breadth | :func:`clone` |
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| | first tree (using generators)| |
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| | first tree (using generators)| |
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@ -1575,7 +1575,10 @@ class TNavigator(object):
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>>> turtle.left(90)
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>>> turtle.left(90)
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>>> turtle.heading()
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>>> turtle.heading()
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90
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90
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>>> turtle.degrees(400.0) # angle measurement in gon
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Change angle measurement unit to grad (also known as gon,
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grade, or gradian and equals 1/100-th of the right angle.)
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>>> turtle.degrees(400.0)
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>>> turtle.heading()
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>>> turtle.heading()
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100
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100
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