Teach PyString_FromFormat, PyErr_Format, and PyString_FromFormatV

about "%u", "%lu" and "%zu" formats.

Since PyString_FromFormat and PyErr_Format have exactly the same rules
(both inherited from PyString_FromFormatV), it would be good if someone
with more LaTeX Fu changed one of them to just point to the other.
Their docs were way out of synch before this patch, and I just did a
mass copy+paste to repair that.

Not a backport candidate (this is a new feature).

Doc/api/concrete.tex

@@ -618,12 +618,24 @@ parameter and are called with a non-string parameter.
   exactly to the format characters in the \var{format} string.  The
   following format characters are allowed:
 
+  % This should be exactly the same as the table in PyErr_Format.
+  % One should just refer to the other.
+
+  % The descriptions for %zd and %zu are wrong, but the truth is complicated
+  % because not all compilers support the %z width modifier -- we fake it
+  % when necessary via interpolating PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T.
+
+  % %u, %lu, %zu should have "new in Python 2.5" blurbs.
+
   \begin{tableiii}{l|l|l}{member}{Format Characters}{Type}{Comment}
     \lineiii{\%\%}{\emph{n/a}}{The literal \% character.}
     \lineiii{\%c}{int}{A single character, represented as an C int.}
     \lineiii{\%d}{int}{Exactly equivalent to \code{printf("\%d")}.}
+    \lineiii{\%u}{unsigned int}{Exactly equivalent to \code{printf("\%u")}.}
     \lineiii{\%ld}{long}{Exactly equivalent to \code{printf("\%ld")}.}
-    \lineiii{\%zd}{long}{Exactly equivalent to \code{printf("\%zd")}.}
+    \lineiii{\%lu}{unsigned long}{Exactly equivalent to \code{printf("\%lu")}.}
+    \lineiii{\%zd}{Py_ssize_t}{Exactly equivalent to \code{printf("\%zd")}.}
+    \lineiii{\%zu}{ssize_t}{Exactly equivalent to \code{printf("\%zu")}.}
     \lineiii{\%i}{int}{Exactly equivalent to \code{printf("\%i")}.}
     \lineiii{\%x}{int}{Exactly equivalent to \code{printf("\%x")}.}
     \lineiii{\%s}{char*}{A null-terminated C character array.}
@@ -632,6 +644,10 @@ parameter and are called with a non-string parameter.
 	guaranteed to start with the literal \code{0x} regardless of
 	what the platform's \code{printf} yields.}
   \end{tableiii}
+
+  An unrecognized format character causes all the rest of the format
+  string to be copied as-is to the result string, and any extra
+  arguments discarded.
 \end{cfuncdesc}
 
 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyString_FromFormatV}{const char *format,

Doc/api/exceptions.tex

@@ -135,13 +135,32 @@ for each thread.
   codes, similar to \cfunction{printf()}. The \code{width.precision}
   before a format code is parsed, but the width part is ignored.
 
-  \begin{tableii}{c|l}{character}{Character}{Meaning}
-    \lineii{c}{Character, as an \ctype{int} parameter}
-    \lineii{d}{Number in decimal, as an \ctype{int} parameter}
-    \lineii{x}{Number in hexadecimal, as an \ctype{int} parameter}
-    \lineii{s}{A string, as a \ctype{char *} parameter}
-    \lineii{p}{A hex pointer, as a \ctype{void *} parameter}
-  \end{tableii}
+  % This should be exactly the same as the table in PyString_FromFormat.
+  % One should just refer to the other.
+
+  % The descriptions for %zd and %zu are wrong, but the truth is complicated
+  % because not all compilers support the %z width modifier -- we fake it
+  % when necessary via interpolating PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T.
+
+  % %u, %lu, %zu should have "new in Python 2.5" blurbs.
+
+  \begin{tableiii}{l|l|l}{member}{Format Characters}{Type}{Comment}
+    \lineiii{\%\%}{\emph{n/a}}{The literal \% character.}
+    \lineiii{\%c}{int}{A single character, represented as an C int.}
+    \lineiii{\%d}{int}{Exactly equivalent to \code{printf("\%d")}.}
+    \lineiii{\%u}{unsigned int}{Exactly equivalent to \code{printf("\%u")}.}
+    \lineiii{\%ld}{long}{Exactly equivalent to \code{printf("\%ld")}.}
+    \lineiii{\%lu}{unsigned long}{Exactly equivalent to \code{printf("\%lu")}.}
+    \lineiii{\%zd}{Py_ssize_t}{Exactly equivalent to \code{printf("\%zd")}.}
+    \lineiii{\%zu}{ssize_t}{Exactly equivalent to \code{printf("\%zu")}.}
+    \lineiii{\%i}{int}{Exactly equivalent to \code{printf("\%i")}.}
+    \lineiii{\%x}{int}{Exactly equivalent to \code{printf("\%x")}.}
+    \lineiii{\%s}{char*}{A null-terminated C character array.}
+    \lineiii{\%p}{void*}{The hex representation of a C pointer.
+	Mostly equivalent to \code{printf("\%p")} except that it is
+	guaranteed to start with the literal \code{0x} regardless of
+	what the platform's \code{printf} yields.}
+  \end{tableiii}
 
   An unrecognized format character causes all the rest of the format
   string to be copied as-is to the result string, and any extra

Misc/NEWS

@@ -200,6 +200,10 @@ Build
 C API
 -----
 
+- ``PyString_FromFormat``, ``PyErr_Format``, and ``PyString_FromFormatV``
+  now accept formats "%u" for unsigned ints, "%lu" for unsigned longs,
+  and "%zu" for unsigned integers of type ``size_t``.
+
 Tests
 -----
 

Modules/_testcapimodule.c

@@ -486,8 +486,8 @@ test_u_code(PyObject *self)
 	return Py_None;
 }
 
-static
-PyObject *codec_incrementalencoder(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+static PyObject *
+codec_incrementalencoder(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
 	const char *encoding, *errors = NULL;
 	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s|s:test_incrementalencoder",
@@ -496,8 +496,8 @@ PyObject *codec_incrementalencoder(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 	return PyCodec_IncrementalEncoder(encoding, errors);
 }
 
-static
-PyObject *codec_incrementaldecoder(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+static PyObject *
+codec_incrementaldecoder(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
 	const char *encoding, *errors = NULL;
 	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s|s:test_incrementaldecoder",
@@ -660,6 +660,44 @@ test_thread_state(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 }
 #endif
 
+/* Some tests of PyString_FromFormat().  This needs more tests.
+ * PyString_FromFormat() also needs docs.
+ */
+static PyObject *
+test_string_from_format(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+	PyObject *result;
+	char *msg;
+
+#define CHECK_1_FORMAT(FORMAT, TYPE) 			\
+	result = PyString_FromFormat(FORMAT, (TYPE)1);	\
+	if (result == NULL)				\
+		return NULL;				\
+	if (strcmp(PyString_AsString(result), "1")) {	\
+		msg = FORMAT " failed at 1";		\
+		goto Fail;				\
+	}						\
+	Py_DECREF(result)
+
+	CHECK_1_FORMAT("%d", int);
+	CHECK_1_FORMAT("%ld", long);
+	/* The z width modifier was added in Python 2.5. */
+	CHECK_1_FORMAT("%zd", Py_ssize_t);
+
+	/* The u type code was added in Python 2.5. */
+	CHECK_1_FORMAT("%u", unsigned int);
+	CHECK_1_FORMAT("%lu", unsigned long);
+	CHECK_1_FORMAT("%zu", size_t);
+
+	Py_RETURN_NONE;
+
+ Fail:
+ 	Py_XDECREF(result);
+	return raiseTestError("test_string_from_format", msg);
+
+#undef CHECK_1_FORMAT
+}
+
 static PyMethodDef TestMethods[] = {
 	{"raise_exception",	raise_exception,		 METH_VARARGS},
 	{"test_config",		(PyCFunction)test_config,	 METH_NOARGS},
@@ -669,6 +707,7 @@ static PyMethodDef TestMethods[] = {
 	{"test_long_numbits",	(PyCFunction)test_long_numbits,	 METH_NOARGS},
 	{"test_k_code",		(PyCFunction)test_k_code,	 METH_NOARGS},
 	{"test_null_strings",	(PyCFunction)test_null_strings,	 METH_NOARGS},
+	{"test_string_from_format", (PyCFunction)test_string_from_format, METH_NOARGS},
 
 	{"getargs_b",		getargs_b,			 METH_VARARGS},
 	{"getargs_B",		getargs_B,			 METH_VARARGS},

Objects/stringobject.c

@@ -176,14 +176,11 @@ PyString_FromFormatV(const char *format, va_list vargs)
 			while (*++f && *f != '%' && !isalpha(Py_CHARMASK(*f)))
 				;
 
-			/* skip the 'l' in %ld, since it doesn't change the
-			   width.  although only %d is supported (see
-			   "expand" section below), others can be easily
-			   added */
-			if (*f == 'l' && *(f+1) == 'd')
-				++f;
-			/* likewise for %zd */
-			if (*f == 'z' && *(f+1) == 'd')
+			/* skip the 'l' or 'z' in {%ld, %zd, %lu, %zu} since
+			 * they don't affect the amount of space we reserve.
+			 */
+			if ((*f == 'l' || *f == 'z') &&
+					(f[1] == 'd' || f[1] == 'u'))
 				++f;
 
 			switch (*f) {
@@ -193,7 +190,7 @@ PyString_FromFormatV(const char *format, va_list vargs)
 			case '%':
 				n++;
 				break;
-			case 'd': case 'i': case 'x':
+			case 'd': case 'u': case 'i': case 'x':
 				(void) va_arg(count, int);
 				/* 20 bytes is enough to hold a 64-bit
 				   integer.  Decimal takes the most space.
@@ -255,14 +252,14 @@ PyString_FromFormatV(const char *format, va_list vargs)
 			}
 			while (*f && *f != '%' && !isalpha(Py_CHARMASK(*f)))
 				f++;
-			/* handle the long flag, but only for %ld.  others
-			   can be added when necessary. */
-			if (*f == 'l' && *(f+1) == 'd') {
+			/* handle the long flag, but only for %ld and %lu.
+			   others can be added when necessary. */
+			if (*f == 'l' && (f[1] == 'd' || f[1] == 'u')) {
 				longflag = 1;
 				++f;
 			}
 			/* handle the size_t flag. */
-			if (*f == 'z' && *(f+1) == 'd') {
+			if (*f == 'z' && (f[1] == 'd' || f[1] == 'u')) {
 				size_tflag = 1;
 				++f;
 			}
@@ -281,6 +278,18 @@ PyString_FromFormatV(const char *format, va_list vargs)
 					sprintf(s, "%d", va_arg(vargs, int));
 				s += strlen(s);
 				break;
+			case 'u':
+				if (longflag)
+					sprintf(s, "%lu",
+						va_arg(vargs, unsigned long));
+				else if (size_tflag)
+					sprintf(s, "%" PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T "u",
+					        va_arg(vargs, size_t));
+				else
+					sprintf(s, "%u",
+						va_arg(vargs, unsigned int));
+				s += strlen(s);
+				break;
 			case 'i':
 				sprintf(s, "%i", va_arg(vargs, int));
 				s += strlen(s);