A much improved HTML parser -- a replacement for sgmllib. The API is
derived from but not quite compatible with that of sgmllib, so it's a new file. I suppose it needs documentation, and htmllib needs to be changed to use this instead of sgmllib, and sgmllib needs to be declared obsolete. But that can all be done later. This code was first published as part of TAL (part of Zope Page Templates), but that was strongly based on sgmllib anyway. Authors are Fred drake and Guido van Rossum.
This commit is contained in:
Guido van Rossum
parent
1928314ef4
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8846d7178b
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"""A parser for HTML."""
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# This file is based on sgmllib.py, but the API is slightly different.
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# XXX There should be a way to distinguish between PCDATA (parsed
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# character data -- the normal case), RCDATA (replaceable character
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# data -- only char and entity references and end tags are special)
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# and CDATA (character data -- only end tags are special).
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import re
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import string
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# Regular expressions used for parsing
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interesting_normal = re.compile('[&<]')
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interesting_cdata = re.compile(r'<(/|\Z)')
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incomplete = re.compile('&([a-zA-Z][-.a-zA-Z0-9]*|#[0-9]*)?')
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entityref = re.compile('&([a-zA-Z][-.a-zA-Z0-9]*)[^a-zA-Z0-9]')
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charref = re.compile('&#([0-9]+)[^0-9]')
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starttagopen = re.compile('<[a-zA-Z]')
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piopen = re.compile(r'<\?')
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piclose = re.compile('>')
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endtagopen = re.compile('</')
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declopen = re.compile('<!')
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special = re.compile('<![^<>]*>')
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commentopen = re.compile('<!--')
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commentclose = re.compile(r'--\s*>')
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tagfind = re.compile('[a-zA-Z][-.a-zA-Z0-9:_]*')
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attrfind = re.compile(
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r'\s*([a-zA-Z_][-.:a-zA-Z_0-9]*)(\s*=\s*'
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r'(\'[^\']*\'|"[^"]*"|[-a-zA-Z0-9./:;+*%?!&$\(\)_#=~]*))?')
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locatestarttagend = re.compile(r"""
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<[a-zA-Z][-.a-zA-Z0-9:_]* # tag name
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(?:\s+ # whitespace before attribute name
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(?:[a-zA-Z_][-.:a-zA-Z0-9_]* # attribute name
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(?:\s*=\s* # value indicator
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(?:'[^']*' # LITA-enclosed value
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|\"[^\"]*\" # LIT-enclosed value
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|[^'\">\s]+ # bare value
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)
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)?
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)
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)*
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\s* # trailing whitespace
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""", re.VERBOSE)
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endstarttag = re.compile(r"\s*/?>")
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endendtag = re.compile('>')
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endtagfind = re.compile('</\s*([a-zA-Z][-.a-zA-Z0-9:_]*)\s*>')
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declname = re.compile(r'[a-zA-Z][-_.a-zA-Z0-9]*\s*')
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declstringlit = re.compile(r'(\'[^\']*\'|"[^"]*")\s*')
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class HTMLParseError(Exception):
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"""Exception raised for all parse errors."""
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def __init__(self, msg, position=(None, None)):
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assert msg
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self.msg = msg
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self.lineno = position[0]
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self.offset = position[1]
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def __str__(self):
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result = self.msg
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if self.lineno is not None:
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result = result + ", at line %d" % self.lineno
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if self.offset is not None:
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result = result + ", column %d" % (self.offset + 1)
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return result
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# HTML parser class -- find tags and call handler functions.
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# Usage: p = HTMLParser(); p.feed(data); ...; p.close().
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# The dtd is defined by deriving a class which defines methods
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# with special names to handle tags: start_foo and end_foo to handle
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# <foo> and </foo>, respectively, or do_foo to handle <foo> by itself.
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# (Tags are converted to lower case for this purpose.) The data
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# between tags is passed to the parser by calling self.handle_data()
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# with some data as argument (the data may be split up in arbitrary
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# chunks). Entity references are passed by calling
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# self.handle_entityref() with the entity reference as argument.
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class HTMLParser:
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CDATA_CONTENT_ELEMENTS = ("script", "style")
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# Interface -- initialize and reset this instance
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def __init__(self):
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self.reset()
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# Interface -- reset this instance. Loses all unprocessed data
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def reset(self):
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self.rawdata = ''
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self.stack = []
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self.lasttag = '???'
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self.lineno = 1
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self.offset = 0
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self.interesting = interesting_normal
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# Interface -- feed some data to the parser. Call this as
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# often as you want, with as little or as much text as you
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# want (may include '\n'). (This just saves the text, all the
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# processing is done by goahead().)
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def feed(self, data):
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self.rawdata = self.rawdata + data
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self.goahead(0)
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# Interface -- handle the remaining data
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def close(self):
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self.goahead(1)
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# Internal -- update line number and offset. This should be
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# called for each piece of data exactly once, in order -- in other
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# words the concatenation of all the input strings to this
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# function should be exactly the entire input.
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def updatepos(self, i, j):
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if i >= j:
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return j
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rawdata = self.rawdata
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nlines = string.count(rawdata, "\n", i, j)
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if nlines:
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self.lineno = self.lineno + nlines
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pos = string.rindex(rawdata, "\n", i, j) # Should not fail
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self.offset = j-(pos+1)
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else:
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self.offset = self.offset + j-i
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return j
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# Interface -- return current line number and offset.
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def getpos(self):
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return self.lineno, self.offset
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__starttag_text = None
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# Interface -- return full source of start tag: "<...>"
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def get_starttag_text(self):
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return self.__starttag_text
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def set_cdata_mode(self):
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self.interesting = interesting_cdata
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def clear_cdata_mode(self):
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self.interesting = interesting_normal
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# Internal -- handle data as far as reasonable. May leave state
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# and data to be processed by a subsequent call. If 'end' is
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# true, force handling all data as if followed by EOF marker.
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def goahead(self, end):
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rawdata = self.rawdata
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i = 0
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n = len(rawdata)
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while i < n:
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match = self.interesting.search(rawdata, i) # < or &
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if match:
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j = match.start()
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else:
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j = n
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if i < j: self.handle_data(rawdata[i:j])
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i = self.updatepos(i, j)
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if i == n: break
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if rawdata[i] == '<':
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if starttagopen.match(rawdata, i): # < + letter
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k = self.parse_starttag(i)
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elif endtagopen.match(rawdata, i): # </
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k = self.parse_endtag(i)
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if k >= 0:
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self.clear_cdata_mode()
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elif commentopen.match(rawdata, i): # <!--
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k = self.parse_comment(i)
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elif piopen.match(rawdata, i): # <?
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k = self.parse_pi(i)
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elif declopen.match(rawdata, i): # <!
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k = self.parse_declaration(i)
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else:
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if i < n-1:
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raise HTMLParseError(
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"invalid '<' construct: %s" % `rawdata[i:i+2]`,
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self.getpos())
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k = -1
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if k < 0:
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if end:
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raise HTMLParseError("EOF in middle of construct",
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self.getpos())
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break
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i = self.updatepos(i, k)
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elif rawdata[i] == '&':
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match = charref.match(rawdata, i)
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if match:
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name = match.group(1)
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self.handle_charref(name)
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k = match.end()
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if rawdata[k-1] != ';':
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k = k-1
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i = self.updatepos(i, k)
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continue
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match = entityref.match(rawdata, i)
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if match:
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name = match.group(1)
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self.handle_entityref(name)
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k = match.end()
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if rawdata[k-1] != ';':
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k = k-1
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i = self.updatepos(i, k)
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continue
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if incomplete.match(rawdata, i):
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if end:
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raise HTMLParseError(
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"EOF in middle of entity or char ref",
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self.getpos())
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return -1 # incomplete
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raise HTMLParseError("'&' not part of entity or char ref",
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self.getpos())
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else:
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assert 0, "interesting.search() lied"
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# end while
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if end and i < n:
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self.handle_data(rawdata[i:n])
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i = self.updatepos(i, n)
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self.rawdata = rawdata[i:]
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# Internal -- parse comment, return end or -1 if not terminated
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def parse_comment(self, i):
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rawdata = self.rawdata
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assert rawdata[i:i+4] == '<!--', 'unexpected call to parse_comment()'
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match = commentclose.search(rawdata, i+4)
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if not match:
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return -1
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j = match.start()
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self.handle_comment(rawdata[i+4: j])
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j = match.end()
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return j
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# Internal -- parse declaration.
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def parse_declaration(self, i):
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# This is some sort of declaration; in "HTML as
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# deployed," this should only be the document type
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# declaration ("<!DOCTYPE html...>").
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rawdata = self.rawdata
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j = i + 2
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assert rawdata[i:j] == "<!", "unexpected call to parse_declaration"
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if rawdata[j:j+1] in ("-", ""):
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# Start of comment followed by buffer boundary,
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# or just a buffer boundary.
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return -1
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# in practice, this should look like: ((name|stringlit) S*)+ '>'
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n = len(rawdata)
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while j < n:
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c = rawdata[j]
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if c == ">":
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# end of declaration syntax
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self.handle_decl(rawdata[i+2:j])
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return j + 1
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if c in "\"'":
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m = declstringlit.match(rawdata, j)
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if not m:
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return -1 # incomplete
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j = m.end()
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elif c in "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ":
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m = declname.match(rawdata, j)
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if not m:
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return -1 # incomplete
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j = m.end()
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else:
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raise HTMLParseError(
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"unexpected char in declaration: %s" % `rawdata[j]`,
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self.getpos())
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return -1 # incomplete
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# Internal -- parse processing instr, return end or -1 if not terminated
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def parse_pi(self, i):
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rawdata = self.rawdata
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assert rawdata[i:i+2] == '<?', 'unexpected call to parse_pi()'
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match = piclose.search(rawdata, i+2) # >
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if not match:
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return -1
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j = match.start()
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self.handle_pi(rawdata[i+2: j])
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j = match.end()
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return j
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# Internal -- handle starttag, return end or -1 if not terminated
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def parse_starttag(self, i):
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self.__starttag_text = None
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endpos = self.check_for_whole_start_tag(i)
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if endpos < 0:
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return endpos
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rawdata = self.rawdata
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self.__starttag_text = rawdata[i:endpos]
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# Now parse the data between i+1 and j into a tag and attrs
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attrs = []
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match = tagfind.match(rawdata, i+1)
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assert match, 'unexpected call to parse_starttag()'
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k = match.end()
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self.lasttag = tag = string.lower(rawdata[i+1:k])
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while k < endpos:
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m = attrfind.match(rawdata, k)
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if not m:
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break
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attrname, rest, attrvalue = m.group(1, 2, 3)
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if not rest:
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attrvalue = None
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elif attrvalue[:1] == '\'' == attrvalue[-1:] or \
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attrvalue[:1] == '"' == attrvalue[-1:]:
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attrvalue = attrvalue[1:-1]
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attrvalue = self.unescape(attrvalue)
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attrs.append((string.lower(attrname), attrvalue))
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k = m.end()
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end = string.strip(rawdata[k:endpos])
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if end not in (">", "/>"):
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lineno, offset = self.getpos()
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if "\n" in self.__starttag_text:
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lineno = lineno + string.count(self.__starttag_text, "\n")
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offset = len(self.__starttag_text) \
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- string.rfind(self.__starttag_text, "\n")
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else:
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offset = offset + len(self.__starttag_text)
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raise HTMLParseError("junk characters in start tag: %s"
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% `rawdata[k:endpos][:20]`,
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(lineno, offset))
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if end[-2:] == '/>':
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# XHTML-style empty tag: <span attr="value" />
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self.handle_startendtag(tag, attrs)
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else:
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self.handle_starttag(tag, attrs)
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if tag in self.CDATA_CONTENT_ELEMENTS:
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self.set_cdata_mode()
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return endpos
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# Internal -- check to see if we have a complete starttag; return end
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# or -1 if incomplete.
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def check_for_whole_start_tag(self, i):
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rawdata = self.rawdata
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m = locatestarttagend.match(rawdata, i)
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if m:
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j = m.end()
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next = rawdata[j:j+1]
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if next == ">":
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return j + 1
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if next == "/":
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s = rawdata[j:j+2]
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if s == "/>":
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return j + 2
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if s == "/":
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# buffer boundary
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return -1
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# else bogus input
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self.updatepos(i, j + 1)
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raise HTMLParseError("malformed empty start tag",
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self.getpos())
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if next == "":
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# end of input
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return -1
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if next in ("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz=/"
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"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"):
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# end of input in or before attribute value, or we have the
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# '/' from a '/>' ending
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return -1
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self.updatepos(i, j)
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raise HTMLParseError("malformed start tag", self.getpos())
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raise AssertionError("we should not gt here!")
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# Internal -- parse endtag, return end or -1 if incomplete
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def parse_endtag(self, i):
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rawdata = self.rawdata
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assert rawdata[i:i+2] == "</", "unexpected call to parse_endtag"
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match = endendtag.search(rawdata, i+1) # >
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if not match:
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return -1
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j = match.end()
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match = endtagfind.match(rawdata, i) # </ + tag + >
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if not match:
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raise HTMLParseError("bad end tag: %s" % `rawdata[i:j]`,
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self.getpos())
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tag = match.group(1)
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self.handle_endtag(string.lower(tag))
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return j
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# Overridable -- finish processing of start+end tag: <tag.../>
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def handle_startendtag(self, tag, attrs):
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self.handle_starttag(tag, attrs)
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self.handle_endtag(tag)
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# Overridable -- handle start tag
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def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
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pass
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# Overridable -- handle end tag
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def handle_endtag(self, tag):
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pass
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# Overridable -- handle character reference
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def handle_charref(self, name):
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pass
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# Overridable -- handle entity reference
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def handle_entityref(self, name):
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pass
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# Overridable -- handle data
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def handle_data(self, data):
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pass
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# Overridable -- handle comment
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def handle_comment(self, data):
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pass
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# Overridable -- handle declaration
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def handle_decl(self, decl):
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pass
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# Overridable -- handle processing instruction
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def handle_pi(self, data):
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pass
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# Internal -- helper to remove special character quoting
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def unescape(self, s):
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if '&' not in s:
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return s
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s = string.replace(s, "<", "<")
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s = string.replace(s, ">", ">")
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s = string.replace(s, "'", "'")
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s = string.replace(s, """, '"')
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s = string.replace(s, "&", "&") # Must be last
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return s
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