Remove some remaining {\rm ...} constructs.
Update logical markup in a few spots.
This commit is contained in:
Fred Drake
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84538cd076
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@ -9,15 +9,15 @@ Boolean type; use integers instead.
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Some operations are supported by several object types; in particular,
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all objects can be compared, tested for truth value, and converted to
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a string (with the \code{`{\rm \ldots}`} notation). The latter conversion is
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implicitly used when an object is written by the \code{print} statement.
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\stindex{print}
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a string (with the \code{`\textrm{\ldots}`} notation). The latter
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conversion is implicitly used when an object is written by the
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\keyword{print}\stindex{print} statement.
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\subsection{Truth Value Testing \label{truth}}
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Any object can be tested for truth value, for use in an \code{if} or
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\code{while} condition or as operand of the Boolean operations below.
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Any object can be tested for truth value, for use in an \keyword{if} or
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\keyword{while} condition or as operand of the Boolean operations below.
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The following values are considered false:
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\stindex{if}
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\stindex{while}
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@ -150,9 +150,9 @@ Two more operations with the same syntactic priority, \samp{in} and
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There are four numeric types: \dfn{plain integers}, \dfn{long integers},
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\dfn{floating point numbers}, and \dfn{complex numbers}.
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Plain integers (also just called \dfn{integers})
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are implemented using \code{long} in \C{}, which gives them at least 32
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are implemented using \ctype{long} in \C{}, which gives them at least 32
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bits of precision. Long integers have unlimited precision. Floating
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point numbers are implemented using \code{double} in \C{}. All bets on
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point numbers are implemented using \ctype{double} in \C{}. All bets on
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their precision are off unless you happen to know the machine you are
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working with.
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\indexii{numeric}{types}
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@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ working with.
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\indexii{C@\C{}}{language}
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Complex numbers have a real and imaginary part, which are both
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implemented using \code{double} in \C{}. To extract these parts from
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implemented using \ctype{double} in \C{}. To extract these parts from
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a complex number \var{z}, use \code{\var{z}.real} and \code{\var{z}.imag}.
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Numbers are created by numeric literals or as the result of built-in
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@ -191,8 +191,8 @@ smaller than complex.
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Comparisons between numbers of mixed type use the same rule.%
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\footnote{As a consequence, the list \code{[1, 2]} is considered equal
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to \code{[1.0, 2.0]}, and similar for tuples.}
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The functions \code{int()}, \code{long()}, \code{float()},
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and \code{complex()} can be used
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The functions \function{int()}, \function{long()}, \function{float()},
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and \function{complex()} can be used
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to coerce numbers to a specific type.
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\index{arithmetic}
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\bifuncindex{int}
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@ -240,10 +240,11 @@ The result is always rounded towards minus infinity: 1/2 is 0,
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\item[(2)]
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Conversion from floating point to (long or plain) integer may round or
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truncate as in \C{}; see functions \code{floor()} and \code{ceil()} in
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module \code{math} for well-defined conversions.
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\bifuncindex{floor}
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\bifuncindex{ceil}
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truncate as in \C{}; see functions \function{floor()} and \function{ceil()} in
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module \module{math} for well-defined conversions.
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\withsubitem{(in module math)}{%
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\ttindex{floor()}%
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\ttindex{ceil()}}
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\indexii{numeric}{conversions}
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\refbimodindex{math}
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\indexii{C@\C{}}{language}
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@ -331,7 +332,7 @@ and \var{j} are integers:
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equal to \var{x}, else \code{1}}{}
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\hline
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\lineiii{\var{s} + \var{t}}{the concatenation of \var{s} and \var{t}}{}
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\lineiii{\var{s} * \var{n}{\rm ,} \var{n} * \var{s}}{\var{n} copies of \var{s} concatenated}{(3)}
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\lineiii{\var{s} * \var{n}\textrm{,} \var{n} * \var{s}}{\var{n} copies of \var{s} concatenated}{(3)}
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\hline
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\lineiii{\var{s}[\var{i}]}{\var{i}'th item of \var{s}, origin 0}{(1)}
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\lineiii{\var{s}[\var{i}:\var{j}]}{slice of \var{s} from \var{i} to \var{j}}{(1), (2)}
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@ -491,17 +492,17 @@ Notes:
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\begin{description}
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\item[(1)] Raises an exception when \var{x} is not found in \var{s}.
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\item[(2)] The \code{sort()} method takes an optional argument
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\item[(2)] The \method{sort()} method takes an optional argument
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specifying a comparison function of two arguments (list items) which
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should return \code{-1}, \code{0} or \code{1} depending on whether the
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first argument is considered smaller than, equal to, or larger than the
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second argument. Note that this slows the sorting process down
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considerably; e.g. to sort a list in reverse order it is much faster
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to use calls to \code{sort()} and \code{reverse()} than to use
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\code{sort()} with a comparison function that reverses the ordering of
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the elements.
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to use calls to the methods \method{sort()} and \method{reverse()}
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than to use the built-in function \function{sort()} with a
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comparison function that reverses the ordering of the elements.
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\item[(3)] The \code{sort()} and \code{reverse()} methods modify the
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\item[(3)] The \method{sort()} and \method{reverse()} methods modify the
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list in place for economy of space when sorting or reversing a large
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list. They don't return the sorted or reversed list to remind you of
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this side effect.
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@ -593,16 +594,16 @@ Most of these support only one or two operations.
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The only special operation on a module is attribute access:
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\code{\var{m}.\var{name}}, where \var{m} is a module and \var{name}
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accesses a name defined in \var{m}'s symbol table. Module attributes
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can be assigned to. (Note that the \code{import} statement is not,
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can be assigned to. (Note that the \keyword{import} statement is not,
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strictly speaking, an operation on a module object; \code{import
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\var{foo}} does not require a module object named \var{foo} to exist,
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rather it requires an (external) \emph{definition} for a module named
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\var{foo} somewhere.)
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A special member of every module is \code{__dict__}.
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A special member of every module is \member{__dict__}.
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This is the dictionary containing the module's symbol table.
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Modifying this dictionary will actually change the module's symbol
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table, but direct assignment to the \code{__dict__} attribute is not
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table, but direct assignment to the \member{__dict__} attribute is not
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possible (i.e., you can write \code{\var{m}.__dict__['a'] = 1}, which
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defines \code{\var{m}.a} to be \code{1}, but you can't write
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\code{\var{m}.__dict__ = \{\}}.
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@ -637,7 +638,7 @@ the function \var{f} was defined).
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\obindex{method}
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Methods are functions that are called using the attribute notation.
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There are two flavors: built-in methods (such as \code{append()} on
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There are two flavors: built-in methods (such as \method{append()} on
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lists) and class instance methods. Built-in methods are described
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with the types that support them.
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@ -645,9 +646,9 @@ The implementation adds two special read-only attributes to class
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instance methods: \code{\var{m}.im_self} is the object on which the
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method operates, and \code{\var{m}.im_func} is the function
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implementing the method. Calling \code{\var{m}(\var{arg-1},
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\var{arg-2}, {\rm \ldots}, \var{arg-n})} is completely equivalent to
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\var{arg-2}, \textrm{\ldots}, \var{arg-n})} is completely equivalent to
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calling \code{\var{m}.im_func(\var{m}.im_self, \var{arg-1},
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\var{arg-2}, {\rm \ldots}, \var{arg-n})}.
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\var{arg-2}, \textrm{\ldots}, \var{arg-n})}.
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See the \emph{Python Reference Manual} for more information.
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@ -659,15 +660,15 @@ Code objects are used by the implementation to represent
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``pseudo-compiled'' executable Python code such as a function body.
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They differ from function objects because they don't contain a
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reference to their global execution environment. Code objects are
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returned by the built-in \code{compile()} function and can be
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extracted from function objects through their \code{func_code}
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returned by the built-in \function{compile()} function and can be
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extracted from function objects through their \member{func_code}
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attribute.
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\bifuncindex{compile}
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\withsubitem{(function object attribute)}{\ttindex{func_code}}
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A code object can be executed or evaluated by passing it (instead of a
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source string) to the \code{exec} statement or the built-in
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\code{eval()} function.
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source string) to the \keyword{exec} statement or the built-in
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\function{eval()} function.
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\stindex{exec}
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\bifuncindex{eval}
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@ -677,8 +678,8 @@ See the \emph{Python Reference Manual} for more information.
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\subsubsection{Type Objects \label{bltin-type-objects}}
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Type objects represent the various object types. An object's type is
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accessed by the built-in function \code{type()}. There are no special
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operations on types. The standard module \code{types} defines names
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accessed by the built-in function \function{type()}. There are no special
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operations on types. The standard module \module{types} defines names
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for all standard built-in types.
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\bifuncindex{type}
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\refstmodindex{types}
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@ -716,8 +717,8 @@ by some other built-in functions and methods, e.g.,
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\refbimodindex{socket}
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When a file operation fails for an I/O-related reason, the exception
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\code{IOError} is raised. This includes situations where the
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operation is not defined for some reason, like \code{seek()} on a tty
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\exception{IOError} is raised. This includes situations where the
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operation is not defined for some reason, like \method{seek()} on a tty
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device or writing a file opened for reading.
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Files have the following methods:
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@ -728,7 +729,7 @@ Files have the following methods:
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}[file]{flush}{}
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Flush the internal buffer, like \code{stdio}'s \code{fflush()}.
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Flush the internal buffer, like \code{stdio}'s \cfunction{fflush()}.
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\end{methoddesc}
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\begin{methoddesc}[file]{isatty}{}
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@ -740,7 +741,7 @@ Files have the following methods:
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Return the integer ``file descriptor'' that is used by the underlying
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implementation to request I/O operations from the operating system.
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This can be useful for other, lower level interfaces that use file
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descriptors, e.g. module \code{fcntl} or \code{os.read()} and friends.
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descriptors, e.g. module \module{fcntl} or \function{os.read()} and friends.
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\refbimodindex{fcntl}
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\end{methoddesc}
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