diff --git a/Lib/test/test_os.py b/Lib/test/test_os.py
index 6dbc2556123..3f6e48f0c8e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_os.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_os.py
@@ -1589,6 +1589,16 @@ class ExecTests(unittest.TestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             os.execve(args[0], args, newenv)
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == "win32", "Win32-specific test")
+    def test_execve_with_empty_path(self):
+        # bpo-32890: Check GetLastError() misuse
+        try:
+            os.execve('', ['arg'], {})
+        except OSError as e:
+            self.assertTrue(e.winerror is None or e.winerror != 0)
+        else:
+            self.fail('No OSError raised')
+
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == "win32", "Win32 specific tests")
 class Win32ErrorTests(unittest.TestCase):
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2018-03-08-20-02-38.bpo-32890.3jzFzY.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2018-03-08-20-02-38.bpo-32890.3jzFzY.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e8a63b33419
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2018-03-08-20-02-38.bpo-32890.3jzFzY.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fix usage of GetLastError() instead of errno in os.execve() and
+os.truncate().
diff --git a/Modules/posixmodule.c b/Modules/posixmodule.c
index 23552bea4ca..9ccdc8eff1b 100644
--- a/Modules/posixmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/posixmodule.c
@@ -1455,6 +1455,12 @@ win32_error_object(const char* function, PyObject* filename)
 
 #endif /* MS_WINDOWS */
 
+static PyObject *
+posix_path_object_error(PyObject *path)
+{
+    return PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject(PyExc_OSError, path);
+}
+
 static PyObject *
 path_object_error(PyObject *path)
 {
@@ -1462,7 +1468,7 @@ path_object_error(PyObject *path)
     return PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObject(
                 PyExc_OSError, 0, path);
 #else
-    return PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject(PyExc_OSError, path);
+    return posix_path_object_error(path);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1483,6 +1489,12 @@ path_error(path_t *path)
     return path_object_error(path->object);
 }
 
+static PyObject *
+posix_path_error(path_t *path)
+{
+    return posix_path_object_error(path->object);
+}
+
 static PyObject *
 path_error2(path_t *path, path_t *path2)
 {
@@ -5141,7 +5153,7 @@ os_execve_impl(PyObject *module, path_t *path, PyObject *argv, PyObject *env)
 
     /* If we get here it's definitely an error */
 
-    path_error(path);
+    posix_path_error(path);
 
     free_string_array(envlist, envc);
   fail:
@@ -9477,7 +9489,7 @@ os_truncate_impl(PyObject *module, path_t *path, Py_off_t length)
     _Py_END_SUPPRESS_IPH
     Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
     if (result < 0)
-        return path_error(path);
+        return posix_path_error(path);
 
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }