bpo-32890, os: Use errno instead of GetLastError() in execve() and truncate() (GH-5784)

path_error() uses GetLastError() on Windows, but some os functions
are implemented via CRT APIs which report errors via errno.
This may result in raising OSError with invalid error code (such
as zero).

Introduce posix_path_error() function and use it where appropriate.

Lib/test/test_os.py

@@ -1589,6 +1589,16 @@ class ExecTests(unittest.TestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             os.execve(args[0], args, newenv)
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == "win32", "Win32-specific test")
+    def test_execve_with_empty_path(self):
+        # bpo-32890: Check GetLastError() misuse
+        try:
+            os.execve('', ['arg'], {})
+        except OSError as e:
+            self.assertTrue(e.winerror is None or e.winerror != 0)
+        else:
+            self.fail('No OSError raised')
+
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == "win32", "Win32 specific tests")
 class Win32ErrorTests(unittest.TestCase):

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Windows/2018-03-08-20-02-38.bpo-32890.3jzFzY.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fix usage of GetLastError() instead of errno in os.execve() and
+os.truncate().

Modules/posixmodule.c

@@ -1455,6 +1455,12 @@ win32_error_object(const char* function, PyObject* filename)
 
 #endif /* MS_WINDOWS */
 
+static PyObject *
+posix_path_object_error(PyObject *path)
+{
+    return PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject(PyExc_OSError, path);
+}
+
 static PyObject *
 path_object_error(PyObject *path)
 {
@@ -1462,7 +1468,7 @@ path_object_error(PyObject *path)
     return PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObject(
                 PyExc_OSError, 0, path);
 #else
-    return PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject(PyExc_OSError, path);
+    return posix_path_object_error(path);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1483,6 +1489,12 @@ path_error(path_t *path)
     return path_object_error(path->object);
 }
 
+static PyObject *
+posix_path_error(path_t *path)
+{
+    return posix_path_object_error(path->object);
+}
+
 static PyObject *
 path_error2(path_t *path, path_t *path2)
 {
@@ -5141,7 +5153,7 @@ os_execve_impl(PyObject *module, path_t *path, PyObject *argv, PyObject *env)
 
     /* If we get here it's definitely an error */
 
-    path_error(path);
+    posix_path_error(path);
 
     free_string_array(envlist, envc);
   fail:
@@ -9477,7 +9489,7 @@ os_truncate_impl(PyObject *module, path_t *path, Py_off_t length)
     _Py_END_SUPPRESS_IPH
     Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
     if (result < 0)
-        return path_error(path);
+        return posix_path_error(path);
 
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }