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Explain the use of charset parameter with Content-Type header. Issue11082

This commit is contained in:
Senthil Kumaran 2012-03-15 18:11:16 -07:00
parent 73277fe0eb
commit 6b3434ae04
3 changed files with 56 additions and 26 deletions
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7
Doc/library/urllib.parse.rst
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@ -512,9 +512,10 @@ task isn't already covered by the URL parsing functions above.
Convert a mapping object or a sequence of two-element tuples, which may
either be a :class:`str` or a :class:`bytes`, to a "percent-encoded"
string. The resultant string must be converted to bytes using the
user-specified encoding before it is sent to :func:`urlopen` as the optional
*data* argument.
string. If the resultant string is to be used as a *data* for POST
operation with :func:`urlopen` function, then it should be properly encoded
to bytes, otherwise it would result in a :exc:`TypeError`.
The resulting string is a series of ``key=value`` pairs separated by ``'&'``
characters, where both *key* and *value* are quoted using :func:`quote_plus`
above. When a sequence of two-element tuples is used as the *query*

70
Doc/library/urllib.request.rst
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@ -2,9 +2,10 @@
=============================================================
.. module:: urllib.request
:synopsis: Next generation URL opening library.
:synopsis: Extensible library for opening URLs.
.. moduleauthor:: Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
.. sectionauthor:: Moshe Zadka <moshez@users.sourceforge.net>
.. sectionauthor:: Senthil Kumaran <senthil@uthcode.com>
The :mod:`urllib.request` module defines functions and classes which help in
@ -20,16 +21,26 @@ The :mod:`urllib.request` module defines the following functions:
Open the URL *url*, which can be either a string or a
:class:`Request` object.
*data* may be a bytes object specifying additional data to send to the
*data* must be a bytes object specifying additional data to be sent to the
server, or ``None`` if no such data is needed. *data* may also be an
iterable object and in that case Content-Length value must be specified in
the headers. Currently HTTP requests are the only ones that use *data*; the
HTTP request will be a POST instead of a GET when the *data* parameter is
provided. *data* should be a buffer in the standard
provided.
*data* should be a buffer in the standard
:mimetype:`application/x-www-form-urlencoded` format. The
:func:`urllib.parse.urlencode` function takes a mapping or sequence of
2-tuples and returns a string in this format. urllib.request module uses
HTTP/1.1 and includes ``Connection:close`` header in its HTTP requests.
2-tuples and returns a string in this format. It should be encoded to bytes
before being used as the *data* parameter. The charset parameter in
``Content-Type`` header may be used to specify the encoding. If charset
parameter is not sent with the Content-Type header, the server following the
HTTP 1.1 recommendation may assume that the data is encoded in ISO-8859-1
encoding. It is advisable to use charset parameter with encoding used in
``Content-Type`` header with the :class:`Request`.
urllib.request module uses HTTP/1.1 and includes ``Connection:close`` header
in its HTTP requests.
The optional *timeout* parameter specifies a timeout in seconds for
blocking operations like the connection attempt (if not specified,
@ -66,9 +77,10 @@ The :mod:`urllib.request` module defines the following functions:
are handled through the proxy when they are set.
The legacy ``urllib.urlopen`` function from Python 2.6 and earlier has been
discontinued; :func:`urlopen` corresponds to the old ``urllib2.urlopen``.
Proxy handling, which was done by passing a dictionary parameter to
``urllib.urlopen``, can be obtained by using :class:`ProxyHandler` objects.
discontinued; :func:`urllib.request.urlopen` corresponds to the old
``urllib2.urlopen``. Proxy handling, which was done by passing a dictionary
parameter to ``urllib.urlopen``, can be obtained by using
:class:`ProxyHandler` objects.
.. versionchanged:: 3.2
*cafile* and *capath* were added.
@ -83,10 +95,11 @@ The :mod:`urllib.request` module defines the following functions:
.. function:: install_opener(opener)
Install an :class:`OpenerDirector` instance as the default global opener.
Installing an opener is only necessary if you want urlopen to use that opener;
otherwise, simply call :meth:`OpenerDirector.open` instead of :func:`urlopen`.
The code does not check for a real :class:`OpenerDirector`, and any class with
the appropriate interface will work.
Installing an opener is only necessary if you want urlopen to use that
opener; otherwise, simply call :meth:`OpenerDirector.open` instead of
:func:`~urllib.request.urlopen`. The code does not check for a real
:class:`OpenerDirector`, and any class with the appropriate interface will
work.
.. function:: build_opener([handler, ...])
@ -138,13 +151,21 @@ The following classes are provided:
*url* should be a string containing a valid URL.
*data* may be a bytes object specifying additional data to send to the
*data* must be a bytes object specifying additional data to send to the
server, or ``None`` if no such data is needed. Currently HTTP requests are
the only ones that use *data*; the HTTP request will be a POST instead of a
GET when the *data* parameter is provided. *data* should be a buffer in the
standard :mimetype:`application/x-www-form-urlencoded` format. The
:func:`urllib.parse.urlencode` function takes a mapping or sequence of
2-tuples and returns a string in this format.
standard :mimetype:`application/x-www-form-urlencoded` format.
The :func:`urllib.parse.urlencode` function takes a mapping or sequence of
2-tuples and returns a string in this format. It should be encoded to bytes
before being used as the *data* parameter. The charset parameter in
``Content-Type`` header may be used to specify the encoding. If charset
parameter is not sent with the Content-Type header, the server following the
HTTP 1.1 recommendation may assume that the data is encoded in ISO-8859-1
encoding. It is advisable to use charset parameter with encoding used in
``Content-Type`` header with the :class:`Request`.
*headers* should be a dictionary, and will be treated as if
:meth:`add_header` was called with each key and value as arguments.
@ -156,6 +177,9 @@ The following classes are provided:
:mod:`urllib`'s default user agent string is
``"Python-urllib/2.6"`` (on Python 2.6).
An example of using ``Content-Type`` header with *data* argument would be
sending a dictionary like ``{"Content-Type":" application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8"}``
The final two arguments are only of interest for correct handling
of third-party HTTP cookies:
@ -1052,8 +1076,9 @@ every :class:`Request`. To change this::
opener.open('http://www.example.com/')
Also, remember that a few standard headers (:mailheader:`Content-Length`,
:mailheader:`Content-Type` and :mailheader:`Host`) are added when the
:class:`Request` is passed to :func:`urlopen` (or :meth:`OpenerDirector.open`).
:mailheader:`Content-Type` without charset parameter and :mailheader:`Host`)
are added when the :class:`Request` is passed to :func:`urlopen` (or
:meth:`OpenerDirector.open`).
.. _urllib-examples:
@ -1071,9 +1096,12 @@ from urlencode is encoded to bytes before it is sent to urlopen as data::
>>> import urllib.request
>>> import urllib.parse
>>> params = urllib.parse.urlencode({'spam': 1, 'eggs': 2, 'bacon': 0})
>>> params = params.encode('utf-8')
>>> f = urllib.request.urlopen("http://www.musi-cal.com/cgi-bin/query", params)
>>> data = urllib.parse.urlencode({'spam': 1, 'eggs': 2, 'bacon': 0})
>>> data = data.encode('utf-8')
>>> request = urllib.request.Request("http://requestb.in/xrbl82xr")
>>> # adding charset parameter to the Content-Type header.
>>> request.add_header("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8")
>>> f = urllib.request.urlopen(request, data)
>>> print(f.read().decode('utf-8'))
The following example uses an explicitly specified HTTP proxy, overriding

5
Lib/urllib/request.py
View File

@ -1062,8 +1062,9 @@ class AbstractHTTPHandler(BaseHandler):
if request.data is not None: # POST
data = request.data
if isinstance(data, str):
raise TypeError("POST data should be bytes"
" or an iterable of bytes. It cannot be str.")
msg = "POST data should be bytes or an iterable of bytes."\
"It cannot be str"
raise TypeError(msg)
if not request.has_header('Content-type'):
request.add_unredirected_header(
'Content-type',