Preliminary documentation for turtle module (Tk), by Moshe Zadka.
Fixed up a few TeXisms and markup nits, but otherwise unchanged. Somewhat raw.
This commit is contained in:
parent
77980a731c
commit
55e93964e6
|
@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
|
|||
\section{\module{turtle} ---
|
||||
Turtle graphics for Tk}
|
||||
|
||||
\declaremodule{standard}{turtle}
|
||||
\platform{Tk}
|
||||
\moduleauthor{Guido van Rossum}{guido@python.org}
|
||||
\modulesynopsis{An environment for turtle graphics.}
|
||||
|
||||
\sectionauthor{Moshe Zadka}{mzadka@geocities.com}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The \module{turtle} module provides turtle graphics primitives, in both an
|
||||
object-oriented and procedure-oriented ways. Because it uses \module{Tkinter}
|
||||
for the underlying graphics, it needs a version of python installed with
|
||||
Tk support.
|
||||
|
||||
The procedural interface uses a pen and a canvas which are automagically
|
||||
created when any of the functions are called.
|
||||
|
||||
The \module{turtle} module defines the following functions:
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{funcdesc}{degrees}{}
|
||||
Set angle measurement units to degrees.
|
||||
\end{funcdesc}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{funcdesc}{radians}{}
|
||||
Set angle measurement units to radians.
|
||||
\end{funcdesc}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{funcdesc}{reset}{}
|
||||
Clear the screen, re-center the pen, and set variables to the default
|
||||
values.
|
||||
\end{funcdesc}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{funcdesc}{clear}{}
|
||||
Clear the screen.
|
||||
\end{funcdesc}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{funcdesc}{tracer}{flag}
|
||||
Set tracing on/off (according to whether flag is true or not). Tracing
|
||||
means line are drawn more slowly, with an animation of an arrow along the
|
||||
line.
|
||||
\end{funcdesc}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{funcdesc}{forward}{distance}
|
||||
Go forward \var{distance} steps.
|
||||
\end{funcdesc}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{funcdesc}{backward}{distance}
|
||||
Go backward \var{distance} steps.
|
||||
\end{funcdesc}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{funcdesc}{left}{angle}
|
||||
Turn left \var{angle} units. Units are by default degrees, but can be
|
||||
set via the \function{degrees()} and \function{radians()} functions.
|
||||
\end{funcdesc}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{funcdesc}{right}{angle}
|
||||
Turn right \var{angle} units. Units are by default degrees, but can be
|
||||
set via the \function{degrees()} and \function{radians()} functions.
|
||||
\end{funcdesc}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{funcdesc}{up}{}
|
||||
Move the pen up --- stop drawing.
|
||||
\end{funcdesc}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{funcdesc}{down}{}
|
||||
Move the pen up --- draw when moving.
|
||||
\end{funcdesc}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{funcdesc}{width}{width}
|
||||
Set the line width to \var{width}.
|
||||
\end{funcdesc}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{funcdesc}{color}{s}
|
||||
Set the color by giving a Tk color string.
|
||||
\end{funcdesc}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{funcdesc}{color}{(r, g, b)}
|
||||
Set the color by giving a RGB tuple, each between 0 and 1.
|
||||
\end{funcdesc}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{funcdesc}{color}{r, g, b}
|
||||
Set the color by giving the RGB components, each between 0 and 1.
|
||||
\end{funcdesc}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{funcdesc}{write}{text\optional{, move}}
|
||||
Write \var{text} at the current pen position. If \var{move} is true,
|
||||
the pen is moved to the bottom-right corner of the text. By default,
|
||||
\var{move} is false.
|
||||
\end{funcdesc}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{funcdesc}{fill}{flag}
|
||||
The complete specifications are rather complex, but the recommended
|
||||
usage is: call \code{fill(1)} before drawing a path you want to fill,
|
||||
and call \code{fill(0)} when you finish to draw the path.
|
||||
\end{funcdesc}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{funcdesc}{circle}{radius\optional{, extent}}
|
||||
Draw a circle with radius \var{radius} whose center-point is where the
|
||||
pen would be if a \code{forward(\var{radius})} were
|
||||
called. \var{extent} determines which part of a circle is drawn: if
|
||||
not given it defaults to a full circle.
|
||||
|
||||
If \var{extent} is not a full circle, one endpoint of the arc is the
|
||||
current pen position. The arc is drawn in a counter clockwise
|
||||
direction if \var{radius} is positive, otherwise in a clockwise
|
||||
direction.
|
||||
\end{funcdesc}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{funcdesc}{goto}{x, y}
|
||||
Go to co-ordinates (\var{x}, \var{y}).
|
||||
\end{funcdesc}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{funcdesc}{goto}{(x, y)}
|
||||
Go to co-ordinates (\var{x}, \var{y}) (specified as a tuple instead of
|
||||
individually).
|
||||
\end{funcdesc}
|
||||
|
||||
This module also does a documented \code{from math import *}, so see
|
||||
the documentation for the \refmodule{math} module for additional
|
||||
constants and functions useful for turtle graphics.
|
||||
% XXX Should we mention this? If so, a \seealso is also in place...
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{funcdesc}{demo}{}
|
||||
Exercise the module a bit.
|
||||
\end{funcdesc}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{excdesc}{Error}
|
||||
Exception raised on any error caught by this module.
|
||||
\end{excdesc}
|
||||
|
||||
For examples, see the code of the \function{demo()} function.
|
||||
|
||||
This module defines the following classes:
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{classdesc}{Pen}{}
|
||||
Define a pen. All above functions can be called as a methods on the given
|
||||
pen. The constructor automatically creates a canvas do be drawn on.
|
||||
\end{classdesc}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{classdesc}{RawPen}{canvas}
|
||||
Define a pen which draws on a canvas \var{canvas}. This is useful if
|
||||
you want to use the module to create graphics in a ``real'' program.
|
||||
\end{classdesc}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Pen and RawPen Objects \label{pen-rawpen-objects}}
|
||||
|
||||
\class{Pen} and \class{RawPen} objects have all the global functions
|
||||
described above, except for \function{demo()} as methods, which
|
||||
manipulate the given pen.
|
||||
|
||||
The only method which is more powerful as a method is
|
||||
\function{degrees()}.
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{methoddesc}{degrees}{\optional{fullcircle}}
|
||||
\var{fullcircle} is by default 360. This can cause the pen to have any
|
||||
angular units whatever: give \var{fullcircle} 2*$\pi$ for radians, or
|
||||
400 for gradians.
|
||||
\end{methoddesc}
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue