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This commit is contained in:
Benjamin Peterson 2009-03-23 02:44:58 +00:00
parent 8cad9c777b
commit 52c3bf1aa5
2 changed files with 51 additions and 48 deletions
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61
Doc/library/functions.rst
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@ -666,7 +666,8 @@ are always available. They are listed here in alphabetical order.
.. function:: open(file[, mode='r'[, buffering=None[, encoding=None[, errors=None[, newline=None[, closefd=True]]]]]])
Open a file. If the file cannot be opened, :exc:`IOError` is raised.
Open *file* and return a corresponding stream. If the file cannot be opened,
an :exc:`IOError` is raised.
*file* is either a string or bytes object giving the name (and the path if
the file isn't in the current working directory) of the file to be opened or
@ -679,14 +680,9 @@ are always available. They are listed here in alphabetical order.
Other common values are ``'w'`` for writing (truncating the file if it
already exists), and ``'a'`` for appending (which on *some* Unix systems,
means that *all* writes append to the end of the file regardless of the
current seek position).
In text mode, if *encoding* is not specified the encoding used is the same as
returned by :func:`locale.getpreferredencoding`, if the :mod:`locale` module
is available, else ASCII. For reading and writing raw bytes, use binary mode
and leave *encoding* unspecified.
The available modes are:
current seek position). In text mode, if *encoding* is not specified the
encoding used is platform dependent. (For reading and writing raw bytes use
binary mode and leave *encoding* unspecified.) The available modes are:
========= ===============================================================
Character Meaning
@ -697,39 +693,44 @@ are always available. They are listed here in alphabetical order.
``'b'`` binary mode
``'t'`` text mode (default)
``'+'`` open a disk file for updating (reading and writing)
``'U'`` universal newline mode (for backwards compatibility; unneeded
for new code)
``'U'`` universal newline mode (for backwards compatibility; should
not be used in new code)
========= ===============================================================
The default mode is ``'rt'`` (open for reading text). For binary random
access, the mode ``'w+b'`` opens and truncates the file to 0 bytes, while
``'r+b'`` opens the file without truncation.
Python distinguishes between files opened in binary and text modes, even
when the underlying operating system doesn't. Files opened in binary
mode (appending ``'b'`` to the *mode* argument) return contents as
``bytes`` objects without any decoding. In text mode (the default, or when
``'t'`` is appended to the *mode* argument) the contents of
the file are returned as strings, the bytes having been first decoded
using a platform-dependent encoding or using the specified *encoding*
if given.
Python distinguishes between files opened in binary and text modes, even when
the underlying operating system doesn't. Files opened in binary mode
(including ``'b'`` in the *mode* argument) return contents as ``bytes``
objects without any decoding. In text mode (the default, or when ``'t'`` is
included in the *mode* argument), the contents of the file are returned as
strings, the bytes having been first decoded using a platform-dependent
encoding or using the specified *encoding* if given.
*buffering* is an optional integer used to set the buffering policy. By
default full buffering is on. Pass 0 to switch buffering off (only allowed in
binary mode), 1 to set line buffering, and an integer > 1 for full buffering.
default full buffering is on. Pass 0 to switch buffering off (only allowed
in binary mode), 1 to set line buffering, and an integer > 1 for full
buffering.
*encoding* is the name of the encoding used to decode or encode the file.
This should only be used in text mode. The default encoding is platform
dependent, but any encoding supported by Python can be passed. See the
:mod:`codecs` module for the list of supported encodings.
dependent (whatever :func:`locale.getpreferredencoding` returns), but any
encoding supported by Python can be used. See the :mod:`codecs` module for
the list of supported encodings.
*errors* is an optional string that specifies how encoding errors are to be
handled---this argument should not be used in binary mode. Pass ``'strict'``
to raise a :exc:`ValueError` exception if there is an encoding error (the
default of ``None`` has the same effect), or pass ``'ignore'`` to ignore
errors. (Note that ignoring encoding errors can lead to data loss.) See the
documentation for :func:`codecs.register` for a list of the permitted
encoding error strings.
*errors* is an optional string that specifies how encoding and decoding
errors are to be handled--this cannot be used in binary mode. Pass
``'strict'`` to raise a :exc:`ValueError` exception if there is an encoding
error (the default of ``None`` has the same effect), or pass ``'ignore'`` to
ignore errors. (Note that ignoring encoding errors can lead to data loss.)
``'replace'`` causes a replacement marker (such as ``'?'``) to be inserted
where there is malformed data. When writing, ``'xmlcharrefreplace'``
(replace with the appropriate XML character reference) or
``'backslashreplace'`` (replace with backslashed escape sequences) can be
used. Any other error handling name that has been registered with
:func:`codecs.register_error` is also valid.
*newline* controls how universal newlines works (it only applies to text
mode). It can be ``None``, ``''``, ``'\n'``, ``'\r'``, and ``'\r\n'``. It

38
Doc/library/io.rst
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@ -52,14 +52,14 @@ Module Interface
.. function:: open(file[, mode[, buffering[, encoding[, errors[, newline[, closefd=True]]]]]])
Open *file* and return a stream. If the file cannot be opened, an
:exc:`IOError` is raised.
Open *file* and return a corresponding stream. If the file cannot be opened,
an :exc:`IOError` is raised.
*file* is either a string giving the name (and the path if the file isn't in
the current working directory) of the file to be opened or a file
descriptor of the file to be opened. (If a file descriptor is given,
for example, from :func:`os.fdopen`, it is closed when the returned
I/O object is closed, unless *closefd* is set to ``False``.)
*file* is either a string or bytes object giving the name (and the path if
the file isn't in the current working directory) of the file to be opened or
an integer file descriptor of the file to be wrapped. (If a file descriptor
is given, it is closed when the returned I/O object is closed, unless
*closefd* is set to ``False``.)
*mode* is an optional string that specifies the mode in which the file is
opened. It defaults to ``'r'`` which means open for reading in text mode.
@ -102,19 +102,21 @@ Module Interface
*encoding* is the name of the encoding used to decode or encode the file.
This should only be used in text mode. The default encoding is platform
dependent, but any encoding supported by Python can be used. See the
:mod:`codecs` module for the list of supported encodings.
dependent (whatever :func:`locale.getpreferredencoding` returns), but any
encoding supported by Python can be used. See the :mod:`codecs` module for
the list of supported encodings.
*errors* is an optional string that specifies how encoding and decoding
errors are to be handled. Pass ``'strict'`` to raise a :exc:`ValueError`
exception if there is an encoding error (the default of ``None`` has the same
effect), or pass ``'ignore'`` to ignore errors. (Note that ignoring encoding
errors can lead to data loss.) ``'replace'`` causes a replacement marker
(such as ``'?'``) to be inserted where there is malformed data. When
writing, ``'xmlcharrefreplace'`` (replace with the appropriate XML character
reference) or ``'backslashreplace'`` (replace with backslashed escape
sequences) can be used. Any other error handling name that has been
registered with :func:`codecs.register_error` is also valid.
errors are to be handled--this cannot be used in binary mode. Pass
``'strict'`` to raise a :exc:`ValueError` exception if there is an encoding
error (the default of ``None`` has the same effect), or pass ``'ignore'`` to
ignore errors. (Note that ignoring encoding errors can lead to data loss.)
``'replace'`` causes a replacement marker (such as ``'?'``) to be inserted
where there is malformed data. When writing, ``'xmlcharrefreplace'``
(replace with the appropriate XML character reference) or
``'backslashreplace'`` (replace with backslashed escape sequences) can be
used. Any other error handling name that has been registered with
:func:`codecs.register_error` is also valid.
*newline* controls how universal newlines works (it only applies to text
mode). It can be ``None``, ``''``, ``'\n'``, ``'\r'``, and ``'\r\n'``. It