traverseda
/
cpython
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull Requests Releases Wiki Activity

Consistency: 

"Unix" ==> "\UNIX{}"

"C" ==> "\C{}"

"C++" ==> "\Cpp{}"
This commit is contained in:
Fred Drake 1998-01-13 18:56:38 +00:00
parent b25c0e739c
commit 3f20592c3e
2 changed files with 68 additions and 68 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

68
Doc/tut.tex
View File

@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ pointers to many free third party Python modules, programs and tools,
and additional documentation.
The Python interpreter is easily extended with new functions and data
types implemented in C or C++ (or other languages callable from C).
types implemented in \C{} or \Cpp{} (or other languages callable from \C{}).
Python is also suitable as an extension language for customizable
applications.
@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ self-contained, so the tutorial can be read off-line as well.
For a description of standard objects and modules, see the
\emph{Python Library Reference} document. The \emph{Python Reference
Manual} gives a more formal definition of the language. To write
extensions in C or C++, read the \emph{Extending and Embedding} and
\emph{Python/C API} manuals. There are also several books covering
extensions in \C{} or \Cpp{}, read the \emph{Extending and Embedding} and
\emph{Python/\C{} API} manuals. There are also several books covering
Python in depth.
This tutorial does not attempt to be comprehensive and cover every
@ -75,15 +75,15 @@ modules described in the \emph{Python Library Reference}.
If you ever wrote a large shell script, you probably know this
feeling: you'd love to add yet another feature, but it's already so
slow, and so big, and so complicated; or the feature involves a system
call or other function that is only accessible from C \ldots Usually
call or other function that is only accessible from \C{} \ldots Usually
the problem at hand isn't serious enough to warrant rewriting the
script in C; perhaps the problem requires variable-length strings or
script in \C{}; perhaps the problem requires variable-length strings or
other data types (like sorted lists of file names) that are easy in
the shell but lots of work to implement in C, or perhaps you're not
sufficiently familiar with C.
the shell but lots of work to implement in \C{}, or perhaps you're not
sufficiently familiar with \C{}.
Another situation: perhaps you have to work with several C libraries,
and the usual C write/compile/test/re-compile cycle is too slow. You
Another situation: perhaps you have to work with several \C{} libraries,
and the usual \C{} write/compile/test/re-compile cycle is too slow. You
need to develop software more quickly. Possibly perhaps you've
written a program that could use an extension language, and you don't
want to design a language, write and debug an interpreter for it, then
@ -92,10 +92,10 @@ tie it into your application.
In such cases, Python may be just the language for you. Python is
simple to use, but it is a real programming language, offering much
more structure and support for large programs than the shell has. On
the other hand, it also offers much more error checking than C, and,
the other hand, it also offers much more error checking than \C{}, and,
being a \emph{very-high-level language}, it has high-level data types
built in, such as flexible arrays and dictionaries that would cost you
days to implement efficiently in C. Because of its more general data
days to implement efficiently in \C{}. Because of its more general data
types Python is applicable to a much larger problem domain than
\emph{Awk} or even \emph{Perl}, yet many things are at least as easy
in Python as in those languages.
@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ programs, or to test functions during bottom-up program development.
It is also a handy desk calculator.
Python allows writing very compact and readable programs. Programs
written in Python are typically much shorter than equivalent C
written in Python are typically much shorter than equivalent \C{}
programs, for several reasons:
\begin{itemize}
\item
@ -128,12 +128,12 @@ brackets;
no variable or argument declarations are necessary.
\end{itemize}
Python is \emph{extensible}: if you know how to program in C it is easy
Python is \emph{extensible}: if you know how to program in \C{} it is easy
to add a new built-in function or module to the interpreter, either to
perform critical operations at maximum speed, or to link Python
programs to libraries that may only be available in binary form (such
as a vendor-specific graphics library). Once you are really hooked,
you can link the Python interpreter into an application written in C
you can link the Python interpreter into an application written in \C{}
and use it as an extension or command language for that application.
By the way, the language is named after the BBC show ``Monty Python's
@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ interpreter by typing the following commands: \code{import sys ;
sys.exit()}.
The interpreter's line-editing features usually aren't very
sophisticated. On Unix, whoever installed the interpreter may have
sophisticated. On \UNIX{}, whoever installed the interpreter may have
enabled support for the GNU readline library, which adds more
elaborate interactive editing and history features. Perhaps the
quickest check to see whether command line editing is supported is
@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ for the primary prompt, \code{>>>}. (It shouldn't take long.)
The interpreter acts as a simple calculator: you can type an
expression at it and it will write the value. Expression syntax is
straightforward: the operators \code{+}, \code{-}, \code{*} and \code{/}
work just like in most other languages (e.g., Pascal or C); parentheses
work just like in most other languages (e.g., Pascal or \C{}); parentheses
can be used for grouping. For example:
\bcode\begin{verbatim}
@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ can be used for grouping. For example:
>>>
\end{verbatim}\ecode
%
Like in C, the equal sign (\code{=}) is used to assign a value to a
Like in \C{}, the equal sign (\code{=}) is used to assign a value to a
variable. The value of an assignment is not written:
\bcode\begin{verbatim}
@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ Two string literals next to each other are automatically concatenated;
the first line above could also have been written \code{word = 'Help'
'A'}; this only works with two literals, not with arbitrary string expressions.
Strings can be subscripted (indexed); like in C, the first character
Strings can be subscripted (indexed); like in \C{}, the first character
of a string has subscript (index) 0. There is no separate character
type; a character is simply a string of size one. Like in Icon,
substrings can be specified with the \emph{slice} notation: two indices
@ -805,12 +805,12 @@ assignments take place.
\item
The \code{while} loop executes as long as the condition (here: \code{b <
10}) remains true. In Python, like in C, any non-zero integer value is
10}) remains true. In Python, like in \C{}, any non-zero integer value is
true; zero is false. The condition may also be a string or list value,
in fact any sequence; anything with a non-zero length is true, empty
sequences are false. The test used in the example is a simple
comparison. The standard comparison operators are written the same as
in C: \code{<}, \code{>}, \code{==}, \code{<=}, \code{>=} and \code{!=}.
in \C{}: \code{<}, \code{>}, \code{==}, \code{<=}, \code{>=} and \code{!=}.
\item
The \emph{body} of the loop is \emph{indented}: indentation is Python's
@ -889,9 +889,9 @@ found in other languages.
\section{For Statements}
The \code{for} statement in Python differs a bit from what you may be
used to in C or Pascal. Rather than always iterating over an
used to in \C{} or Pascal. Rather than always iterating over an
arithmetic progression of numbers (like in Pascal), or leaving the user
completely free in the iteration test and step (as C), Python's
completely free in the iteration test and step (as \C{}), Python's
\code{for} statement iterates over the items of any sequence (e.g., a
list or a string), in the order that they appear in the sequence. For
example (no pun intended):
@ -968,10 +968,10 @@ To iterate over the indices of a sequence, combine \code{range()} and
\section{Break and Continue Statements, and Else Clauses on Loops}
The \code{break} statement, like in C, breaks out of the smallest
The \code{break} statement, like in \C{}, breaks out of the smallest
enclosing \code{for} or \code{while} loop.
The \code{continue} statement, also borrowed from C, continues with the
The \code{continue} statement, also borrowed from \C{}, continues with the
next iteration of the loop.
Loop statements may have an \code{else} clause; it is executed when the
@ -1084,7 +1084,7 @@ mechanism:
\end{verbatim}\ecode
%
You might object that \code{fib} is not a function but a procedure. In
Python, like in C, procedures are just functions that don't return a
Python, like in \C{}, procedures are just functions that don't return a
value. In fact, technically speaking, procedures do return a value,
albeit a rather boring one. This value is called \code{None} (it's a
built-in name). Writing the value \code{None} is normally suppressed by
@ -1624,7 +1624,7 @@ expression to a variable. For example,
>>>
\end{verbatim}\ecode
%
Note that in Python, unlike C, assignment cannot occur inside expressions.
Note that in Python, unlike \C{}, assignment cannot occur inside expressions.
\section{Comparing Sequences and Other Types}
@ -2075,18 +2075,18 @@ right operand, e.g.
>>>
\end{verbatim}
Most formats work exactly as in C and require that you pass the proper
Most formats work exactly as in \C{} and require that you pass the proper
type; however, if you don't you get an exception, not a core dump.
The \verb\%s\ format is more relaxed: if the corresponding argument is
not a string object, it is converted to string using the \verb\str()\
built-in function. Using \verb\*\ to pass the width or precision in
as a separate (integer) argument is supported. The C formats
as a separate (integer) argument is supported. The \C{} formats
\verb\%n\ and \verb\%p\ are not supported.
If you have a really long format string that you don't want to split
up, it would be nice if you could reference the variables to be
formatted by name instead of by position. This can be done by using
an extension of C formats using the form \verb\%(name)format\, e.g.
an extension of \C{} formats using the form \verb\%(name)format\, e.g.
\begin{verbatim}
>>> table = {'Sjoerd': 4127, 'Jack': 4098, 'Dcab': 8637678}
@ -2895,9 +2895,9 @@ users (``clients'') of an object. In other words, classes are not
usable to implement pure abstract data types. In fact, nothing in
Python makes it possible to enforce data hiding --- it is all based
upon convention. (On the other hand, the Python implementation,
written in C, can completely hide implementation details and control
written in \C{}, can completely hide implementation details and control
access to an object if necessary; this can be used by extensions to
Python written in C.)
Python written in \C{}.)
Clients should use data attributes with care --- clients may mess up
@ -3174,7 +3174,7 @@ class VirtualAttributes:
\section{Odds and ends}
Sometimes it is useful to have a data type similar to the Pascal
``record'' or C ``struct'', bundling together a couple of named data
``record'' or \C{} ``struct'', bundling together a couple of named data
items. An empty class definition will do nicely, e.g.:
\begin{verbatim}
@ -3274,8 +3274,8 @@ You should read, or at least page through, the Library Reference,
which gives complete (though terse) reference material about types,
functions, and modules that can save you a lot of time when writing
Python programs. The standard Python distribution includes a
\emph{lot} of code in both C and Python; there are modules to read
Unix mailboxes, retrieve documents via HTTP, generate random numbers,
\emph{lot} of code in both \C{} and Python; there are modules to read
\UNIX{} mailboxes, retrieve documents via HTTP, generate random numbers,
parse command-line options, write CGI programs, compress data, and a
lot more; skimming through the Library Reference will give you an idea
of what's available.

68
Doc/tut/tut.tex
View File

@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ pointers to many free third party Python modules, programs and tools,
and additional documentation.
The Python interpreter is easily extended with new functions and data
types implemented in C or C++ (or other languages callable from C).
types implemented in \C{} or \Cpp{} (or other languages callable from \C{}).
Python is also suitable as an extension language for customizable
applications.
@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ self-contained, so the tutorial can be read off-line as well.
For a description of standard objects and modules, see the
\emph{Python Library Reference} document. The \emph{Python Reference
Manual} gives a more formal definition of the language. To write
extensions in C or C++, read the \emph{Extending and Embedding} and
\emph{Python/C API} manuals. There are also several books covering
extensions in \C{} or \Cpp{}, read the \emph{Extending and Embedding} and
\emph{Python/\C{} API} manuals. There are also several books covering
Python in depth.
This tutorial does not attempt to be comprehensive and cover every
@ -75,15 +75,15 @@ modules described in the \emph{Python Library Reference}.
If you ever wrote a large shell script, you probably know this
feeling: you'd love to add yet another feature, but it's already so
slow, and so big, and so complicated; or the feature involves a system
call or other function that is only accessible from C \ldots Usually
call or other function that is only accessible from \C{} \ldots Usually
the problem at hand isn't serious enough to warrant rewriting the
script in C; perhaps the problem requires variable-length strings or
script in \C{}; perhaps the problem requires variable-length strings or
other data types (like sorted lists of file names) that are easy in
the shell but lots of work to implement in C, or perhaps you're not
sufficiently familiar with C.
the shell but lots of work to implement in \C{}, or perhaps you're not
sufficiently familiar with \C{}.
Another situation: perhaps you have to work with several C libraries,
and the usual C write/compile/test/re-compile cycle is too slow. You
Another situation: perhaps you have to work with several \C{} libraries,
and the usual \C{} write/compile/test/re-compile cycle is too slow. You
need to develop software more quickly. Possibly perhaps you've
written a program that could use an extension language, and you don't
want to design a language, write and debug an interpreter for it, then
@ -92,10 +92,10 @@ tie it into your application.
In such cases, Python may be just the language for you. Python is
simple to use, but it is a real programming language, offering much
more structure and support for large programs than the shell has. On
the other hand, it also offers much more error checking than C, and,
the other hand, it also offers much more error checking than \C{}, and,
being a \emph{very-high-level language}, it has high-level data types
built in, such as flexible arrays and dictionaries that would cost you
days to implement efficiently in C. Because of its more general data
days to implement efficiently in \C{}. Because of its more general data
types Python is applicable to a much larger problem domain than
\emph{Awk} or even \emph{Perl}, yet many things are at least as easy
in Python as in those languages.
@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ programs, or to test functions during bottom-up program development.
It is also a handy desk calculator.
Python allows writing very compact and readable programs. Programs
written in Python are typically much shorter than equivalent C
written in Python are typically much shorter than equivalent \C{}
programs, for several reasons:
\begin{itemize}
\item
@ -128,12 +128,12 @@ brackets;
no variable or argument declarations are necessary.
\end{itemize}
Python is \emph{extensible}: if you know how to program in C it is easy
Python is \emph{extensible}: if you know how to program in \C{} it is easy
to add a new built-in function or module to the interpreter, either to
perform critical operations at maximum speed, or to link Python
programs to libraries that may only be available in binary form (such
as a vendor-specific graphics library). Once you are really hooked,
you can link the Python interpreter into an application written in C
you can link the Python interpreter into an application written in \C{}
and use it as an extension or command language for that application.
By the way, the language is named after the BBC show ``Monty Python's
@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ interpreter by typing the following commands: \code{import sys ;
sys.exit()}.
The interpreter's line-editing features usually aren't very
sophisticated. On Unix, whoever installed the interpreter may have
sophisticated. On \UNIX{}, whoever installed the interpreter may have
enabled support for the GNU readline library, which adds more
elaborate interactive editing and history features. Perhaps the
quickest check to see whether command line editing is supported is
@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ for the primary prompt, \code{>>>}. (It shouldn't take long.)
The interpreter acts as a simple calculator: you can type an
expression at it and it will write the value. Expression syntax is
straightforward: the operators \code{+}, \code{-}, \code{*} and \code{/}
work just like in most other languages (e.g., Pascal or C); parentheses
work just like in most other languages (e.g., Pascal or \C{}); parentheses
can be used for grouping. For example:
\bcode\begin{verbatim}
@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ can be used for grouping. For example:
>>>
\end{verbatim}\ecode
%
Like in C, the equal sign (\code{=}) is used to assign a value to a
Like in \C{}, the equal sign (\code{=}) is used to assign a value to a
variable. The value of an assignment is not written:
\bcode\begin{verbatim}
@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ Two string literals next to each other are automatically concatenated;
the first line above could also have been written \code{word = 'Help'
'A'}; this only works with two literals, not with arbitrary string expressions.
Strings can be subscripted (indexed); like in C, the first character
Strings can be subscripted (indexed); like in \C{}, the first character
of a string has subscript (index) 0. There is no separate character
type; a character is simply a string of size one. Like in Icon,
substrings can be specified with the \emph{slice} notation: two indices
@ -805,12 +805,12 @@ assignments take place.
\item
The \code{while} loop executes as long as the condition (here: \code{b <
10}) remains true. In Python, like in C, any non-zero integer value is
10}) remains true. In Python, like in \C{}, any non-zero integer value is
true; zero is false. The condition may also be a string or list value,
in fact any sequence; anything with a non-zero length is true, empty
sequences are false. The test used in the example is a simple
comparison. The standard comparison operators are written the same as
in C: \code{<}, \code{>}, \code{==}, \code{<=}, \code{>=} and \code{!=}.
in \C{}: \code{<}, \code{>}, \code{==}, \code{<=}, \code{>=} and \code{!=}.
\item
The \emph{body} of the loop is \emph{indented}: indentation is Python's
@ -889,9 +889,9 @@ found in other languages.
\section{For Statements}
The \code{for} statement in Python differs a bit from what you may be
used to in C or Pascal. Rather than always iterating over an
used to in \C{} or Pascal. Rather than always iterating over an
arithmetic progression of numbers (like in Pascal), or leaving the user
completely free in the iteration test and step (as C), Python's
completely free in the iteration test and step (as \C{}), Python's
\code{for} statement iterates over the items of any sequence (e.g., a
list or a string), in the order that they appear in the sequence. For
example (no pun intended):
@ -968,10 +968,10 @@ To iterate over the indices of a sequence, combine \code{range()} and
\section{Break and Continue Statements, and Else Clauses on Loops}
The \code{break} statement, like in C, breaks out of the smallest
The \code{break} statement, like in \C{}, breaks out of the smallest
enclosing \code{for} or \code{while} loop.
The \code{continue} statement, also borrowed from C, continues with the
The \code{continue} statement, also borrowed from \C{}, continues with the
next iteration of the loop.
Loop statements may have an \code{else} clause; it is executed when the
@ -1084,7 +1084,7 @@ mechanism:
\end{verbatim}\ecode
%
You might object that \code{fib} is not a function but a procedure. In
Python, like in C, procedures are just functions that don't return a
Python, like in \C{}, procedures are just functions that don't return a
value. In fact, technically speaking, procedures do return a value,
albeit a rather boring one. This value is called \code{None} (it's a
built-in name). Writing the value \code{None} is normally suppressed by
@ -1624,7 +1624,7 @@ expression to a variable. For example,
>>>
\end{verbatim}\ecode
%
Note that in Python, unlike C, assignment cannot occur inside expressions.
Note that in Python, unlike \C{}, assignment cannot occur inside expressions.
\section{Comparing Sequences and Other Types}
@ -2075,18 +2075,18 @@ right operand, e.g.
>>>
\end{verbatim}
Most formats work exactly as in C and require that you pass the proper
Most formats work exactly as in \C{} and require that you pass the proper
type; however, if you don't you get an exception, not a core dump.
The \verb\%s\ format is more relaxed: if the corresponding argument is
not a string object, it is converted to string using the \verb\str()\
built-in function. Using \verb\*\ to pass the width or precision in
as a separate (integer) argument is supported. The C formats
as a separate (integer) argument is supported. The \C{} formats
\verb\%n\ and \verb\%p\ are not supported.
If you have a really long format string that you don't want to split
up, it would be nice if you could reference the variables to be
formatted by name instead of by position. This can be done by using
an extension of C formats using the form \verb\%(name)format\, e.g.
an extension of \C{} formats using the form \verb\%(name)format\, e.g.
\begin{verbatim}
>>> table = {'Sjoerd': 4127, 'Jack': 4098, 'Dcab': 8637678}
@ -2895,9 +2895,9 @@ users (``clients'') of an object. In other words, classes are not
usable to implement pure abstract data types. In fact, nothing in
Python makes it possible to enforce data hiding --- it is all based
upon convention. (On the other hand, the Python implementation,
written in C, can completely hide implementation details and control
written in \C{}, can completely hide implementation details and control
access to an object if necessary; this can be used by extensions to
Python written in C.)
Python written in \C{}.)
Clients should use data attributes with care --- clients may mess up
@ -3174,7 +3174,7 @@ class VirtualAttributes:
\section{Odds and ends}
Sometimes it is useful to have a data type similar to the Pascal
``record'' or C ``struct'', bundling together a couple of named data
``record'' or \C{} ``struct'', bundling together a couple of named data
items. An empty class definition will do nicely, e.g.:
\begin{verbatim}
@ -3274,8 +3274,8 @@ You should read, or at least page through, the Library Reference,
which gives complete (though terse) reference material about types,
functions, and modules that can save you a lot of time when writing
Python programs. The standard Python distribution includes a
\emph{lot} of code in both C and Python; there are modules to read
Unix mailboxes, retrieve documents via HTTP, generate random numbers,
\emph{lot} of code in both \C{} and Python; there are modules to read
\UNIX{} mailboxes, retrieve documents via HTTP, generate random numbers,
parse command-line options, write CGI programs, compress data, and a
lot more; skimming through the Library Reference will give you an idea
of what's available.